Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2023
Volume 68, Number 3
Las Vegas, Nevada (March 5-10)
Virtual (March 20-22); Time Zone: Pacific Time
Session K65: Optical Physics |
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Sponsoring Units: DAMOP Chair: Li He, University of Pennsylvania Room: Room 414 |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 3:00PM - 3:12PM |
K65.00001: The gravitational mass of photon and its implications on previous experimental tests of general relativity Donald C Chang General Relativity (GR) is an important theory that requires very stringent tests. So far, its supporting evidence comes mainly from measurements of photon gravitational effects, including light bending near the Sun, gravitational lensing in some galaxies and gravitational redshift of light. These previous experiments were designed based on a hidden assumption, namely, the gravitational mass of a photon is zero; thus, light should not be bent in a gravitational field if there is no space-time curving. In this work, we showed that the gravitational mass of a photon is not zero. Instead, it is equal to its quantum mass, which can be determined from its momentum using the de Broglie relation. Based on this understanding, the gravitational effects of light can be explained more simply using quantum physics. Our findings suggest that, to fully evaluate the theory of GR, more stringent experimental tests are required. Some examples of future experiments for testing the principle of equivalence are proposed here. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 3:12PM - 3:24PM |
K65.00002: Controlling spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking with competing optical Kerr and cascaded second-order nonlinear processes? Chaohan Cui, Liang Zhang, Linran Fan The optical Kerr effect empowers the generation of optical frequency combs and quantum fields. Moreover, it can trigger the spontaneous symmetry breaking of photonic chirality due to the intrinsic imbalance between self-Kerr and cross-Kerr coefficients. The strength of optical Kerr effect is typically treated as an unalterable property determined by the photonic material and structure. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 3:24PM - 3:36PM |
K65.00003: External field effect on the statistical behavior of a cavity containing quantum wells hichem Eleuch, Houssem Jabri Semiconductor microcavities with quantum wells are known for the richness of the optical properties that can produce. They have exceptional optical proprieties with several |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 3:36PM - 3:48PM |
K65.00004: Quantum acoustic Niccolo Fiaschi, Simon Groeblacher, Robert Stockill, Amirparsa Zivari In recent years traveling phonons – quantized guided mechanical wavepackets – have gained more and more attention as a medium to transmit quantum states, due to their small size and low propagation speed compared to other carriers, such as electrons or photons. Moreover, phonons are highly promising candidates to connect heterogeneous quantum systems on a chip, thanks to their ability to couple to numerous systems. Having coherent control over highly confined phonons is an outstanding challenge, and would represent a significant step towards integrated devices for quantum information processes. The basic toolbox for realizing this – waveguide, beam-splitter and phase shifter – is presented here. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 3:48PM - 4:00PM |
K65.00005: Non-Reciprocal Polarization Actuated Plasmonic Convertible Circulator-Delay Line Chenbin Huang, Charles Downing, Thomas J Struges, Anand Hegde Novel non-reciprocal devices are highly desirable for the advancement of quantum technology in nanoscale. We demonstrate the polarization controlled non-reciprocal nature of a plasmonic two-wire transmission-line (TWTL). Theoretically we investigate the chiral charge and current densities as well as energy transport through the propagation of Surface Plasmon Polaritons (SPPs). Based on the non-reciprocity we experimentally realize the polarization actuated dual functioning convertible circulator/fixed interval delay line which also offers a wide optical bandwidth. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 4:00PM - 4:12PM |
K65.00006: Dicke superradiance requires interactions beyond nearest-neighbors Dariel Mok, Ana Asenjo-Garcia, Leong-Chuan Kwek, Tze Chien Sum It is well known that the photon interactions within an excited ensemble of emitters can result in Dicke superradiance, where the emission rate is greatly enhanced, manifesting as a high-intensity burst at short times. For ordered arrays, superradiant burst is most commonly observed in systems with long-range interactions between the emitters, although the minimal interaction range remains unknown. In this work, we prove that for an arbitrary emitter array with only nearest-neighbor interactions in all dimensions, superradiant burst violates the positivity of the density matrix and is thus not physically observable. We show that superradiance requires minimally the inclusion of next-nearest-neighbor interactions. For exponentially-decaying interactions, the critical coupling was found to be asymptotically independent of the number of emitters in all dimensions, thereby defining the threshold interaction range where the collective enhancement balances out the decoherence effects. Our findings provide key physical insights to the understanding of collective decay in many-body quantum systems, and the designing of superradiant emission in physical systems for applications such as energy harvesting and quantum sensing. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 4:12PM - 4:24PM |
K65.00007: Measurements of the Optical Coherence of the SnV in Nanostructured Diamond Ryan A Parker Recently the tin-vacancy (SnV) centre in diamond was demonstrated as a competitive spin-qubit with a spin-coherence time of 0.33ms and MHz Rabi rates [1]. This is particularly promising as these demonstrations were achieved in nanostructured diamonds, without any surface passivation engineering, in standard closed-cycle He cryostats; overcoming the charge instability and phononlimited dephasing at these temperatures inherent to the other major defect centres in diamond: the nitrogen and silicon vacancies respectively. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 4:24PM - 4:36PM |
K65.00008: Ghost Exchange: Ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic Phase Transition in Linear Optics of Non-magnetic Dielectrics Emroz Khan, Evgenii Narimanov While many photonic equivalents exist for the physics originally associated with electronic systems, from Anderson localization to Berezenskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition, none of them operating in the linear regime offers the possibility of sign reversal of the exchange interaction inherent to strongly correlated fermionic systems. As a result, many exchange-mediated phenomena of condensed matter physics are currently beyond the reach of a linear photonic platform. Here we break through this obstacle by mapping the effective Hamiltonian for the electronic exchange interaction to that of coupled optical modes, using the oscillatory properties of the recently discovered ghost coupling (Opt. Lett. 46, 1708-1711 (2021)). The resulting "ghost exchange" offers full control of the exchange dynamics and can lead to a photonic analog of the ferromagnetic–antiferromagnetic phase transition. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 4:36PM - 4:48PM |
K65.00009: Periodically poled lithium niobate ring resonators for efficient second-order optical nonlinear interactions Soumya S Ghosh, Rebecca Cheng, CJ Xin, Neil Sinclair, Marko Loncar The large second-order optical nonlinearity of lithium niobate renders it attractive for optical frequency conversion, cascaded photon pair generation, optical frequency combs, and other applications. A key goal is to minimize the input power required to achieve the desired nonlinear effect. We are progressing toward this goal using three tools: poling an etched lithium niobate ring resonator to increase the effective interaction length; using a pulsed pump to reduce the average input power; and dispersion engineering the poled resonator segment to reduce temporal walk-off between the pump and the optical harmonic output. Here, we consider second-harmonic generation as a benchmark towards more advanced applications, such as supercontinuum generation via cascaded second-order nonlinear interactions. We discuss our progress, including measurements of second harmonic signals, with a detailed systems analysis. Our work is a step toward ultra-low power second-order nonlinear interactions. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 4:48PM - 5:00PM |
K65.00010: Terahertz Polarization Conversion from Optical Dichroism in a Topological Dirac Semimetal Haiyu Meng Topological Dirac semimetals (TDSM) such as Cd3As2 and Na3Bi are attractive for nanophotonic applications in the terahertz (THz) frequency regime and exhibit strong optical dichroism with contrasting dielectric permittivity along different crystal axes and. However, such optical dichroism is often overlooked in the computational works of TDSM-based optoelectronic devices, and whether such optical dichroism can lead to unique functionalities not found under the isotropic approximation remains an open question thus far. My talk will present our recent findings that starkly different THz responses between isotropic and anisotropic media based on TDSM metasurface. Using finite-difference time-domain simulations, we demonstrate that such optical dichroism can lead to an unexpected THz wave polarization conversion even if the metasurface structure remains four-fold rotationally symmetric, a useful feature not achievable under the isotropic model of TDSM. I will also discuss why such optical dichroism in TDSM leads to a contrast response compared to the isotropic case, such as the high Q-factor and asymmetric transmission spectra. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 5:00PM - 5:12PM |
K65.00011: Turbulence-free two-photon beats from incoherent thermal radiation in double-slit interferometer Binod Joshi, Thomas A Smith, Yanhua Shih It is well known that in a classic Young’s double-slit interferometer, when the separation of the double-slit, d, is greater than the spatial coherent length, lc, of the field, no first-order interferences are observable from the spatially incoherent fields. We report a double-slit interferometer setup that is able to observe two-photon interference, a pair of randomly created and randomly paired photons interfering with the pair itself, from these incoherent fields, including two-photon beats. The light source of the interferometer emits incoherent fields in thermal state with two colors, one Green one Red, with difference between their frequencies ωG − ωR being much greater than the response frequency of the detectors. Certainly, no first-order interferences, including first-order optical beats, are observable when the observation plane of the double-slit interferometer is scanned with two point-like photon counting detectors, D1 and D2. However, in the joint measurement of D1 and D2, second-order interferences for ωG and ωR, as well as for ωG −ωR are all observable as functions of the relative distance between D1 and D2. More interestingly, all these two-photon interferences, including the two-photon beats, are turbulence-free, i.e., any fluctuations in the index of refraction resulting from turbulence in the optical paths of the interferometer do not affect the interference pattern. This observation is fundamentally interesting and practically useful. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 5:12PM - 5:24PM |
K65.00012: Electrostriction at optical frequencies Mikko Partanen, Jukka Tulkki Electrostriction, the deformation of a dielectric under the influence of an electric field, is of continuous interest in optics. One interesting point is that the classic experiment by Hakim and Higham [Proc. Phys. Soc. 80, 190 (1962)] for a stationary field supports a different formula of the electrostrictive force density than the recent experiment by Astrath et al. [Light Sci. Appl. 11, 103 (2022)] for optical frequencies. In this work, we aim at understanding the origin of this difference by developing a time-dependent covariant theory of electrostriction. We also simulate the propagation of a Gaussian light pulse through a dielectric material. Simultaneously with solving the electric and magnetic fields of the Gaussian light pulse, we solve Newton's equation of motion to find out how the velocity and position distributions of atoms under the influence of the optical force develop as a function of time. We also study the assumptions behind the conventional derivation of electrostrictive forces. This derivation, see e.g., Electrodynamics of Continuous Media by Landau and Lifshitz (1984), is based on field-induced changes in the volume of a dielectric, and it assumes that there is a local thermodynamical balance between the dielectric and the external forces caused by the field. At optical frequencies, this assumption is no longer valid. We expect that the understanding of the role of electrostriction at optical frequencies is useful for improved understanding of thermal coupling of light and dielectrics. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 5:24PM - 5:36PM |
K65.00013: Generation of Orbital Angular Momentum with Archimedean Spirals Esra Ilke Albar, Franco P Bonafe, Heiko Appel, Valeriia P Kosheleva, Angel Rubio Electromagnetic vortex fields that carry orbital angular momentum (OAM) have been a topic of interest in a vast range of applications [1]. In this work, we investigate the generation mechanism of OAM by studying the interaction of circularly-polarized plane waves with plasmonic Archimedean spirals, making use of numerical simulations in real space and real time. By having access to the full spatio-temporal information, we are able to observe the first stages of the birth of an optical vortex upon interaction with matter. As a plane wave pulse interacts with the spiral, the induced OAM density propagates in different spatial directions. We model spirals with two different material descriptions, namely as a dielectric medium and with a frequency-dependent Drude model. While the first description demonstrates purely geometrical effects of matter on light, the second allows us to account for back emission from matter and its effect on the incoming light. The calculated OAM density in real space can be contrasted with the quantized OAM. We introduce a measure for the efficiency of OAM generation and use it to compare multiple systems and conditions. We use the Maxwell solver in the Octopus code[2], which employs the Riemann-Silberstein representation to propagate Maxwell’s equations in real time, and allows for full coupling to the quantum dynamics of matter systems, described by TDDFT. |
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