Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2023
Volume 68, Number 3
Las Vegas, Nevada (March 5-10)
Virtual (March 20-22); Time Zone: Pacific Time
Session G71: Quantum Sensing using Electronic StatesFocus
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Sponsoring Units: DQI Chair: Leon Bello, Princeton University Room: Room 407/408 |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 11:30AM - 11:42AM |
G71.00001: Integrated diamond nanostructures for quantum magnetometry Alexandre Guilbault, Dominic Lepage, Vincent Halde, Sylvain Nicolay, David Roy-Guay, Dominique Drouin, Michel Pioro-Ladrière Precise and portable magnetic field sensing presents several potential applications, from national defence to mineral discovery, meteorological surveys and navigation. Current high sensitivity magnetometers involve cryogenic temperatures, vacuums or bulky gas tanks. Diamond magnetometers based on the quantum properties of nitrogen-vacancy centers (NV centers) present an efficient, lightweight and adaptable alternative to current magnetometers, since they work at ambient temperature and pressure. The systems are therefore portable and require minimal power. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 11:42AM - 11:54AM |
G71.00002: Imaging a network of 50 coupled spins with a single spin quantum sensor Guido van de Stolpe, Damian Kwiatkowski, Conor Bradley, Tim Hugo Taminiau Optically addressable solid-state defects have emerged as a versatile platform for quantum sensing, simulations and networks. Pioneering experiments have shown the sensing, imaging, and control of nuclear spin systems using single electron-spin defects. However, the size and complexity of the systems that could be imaged have been constrained by the limited spectral resolution of current methods. Here, we demonstrate the complete mapping of a network of 50 coupled spins through novel correlated sensing schemes using a single nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond. Our results provide new opportunities for quantum simulations of many-body physics by greatly increasing the number of accessible spins. Furthermore, the methods developed here might be applicable for nano- and atomic-scale magnetic resonance imaging of complex spin systems outside the host material. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 11:54AM - 12:06PM |
G71.00003: Nano-MRI using single spins in diamond Raul Gonzalez Cornejo, Alon Salhov, Berndt Koslowski, Alex Retzker, Fedor Jelezko Nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers have been studied during the last years in different applications, ranging from life sciences to metrology. In our work, we use nano-scale nuclear magnetic resonance (nano-NMR) techniques with shallow NV centers to detect the signal produced by statistically polarized protons. Applying a magnetic field gradient allows us to target specific nuclear spins resulting in spectrally separated spin resonance frequencies. Under this condition, two spins at distant locations experience different magnetic fields, providing us with an increase in spatial resolution. We use a magnetic-coated AFM scanning probe to apply magnetic field gradients to a dense nuclear spin sample. This work paves the way for nano-NMR and other resonance techniques, such as nano-scale magnetic resonance imaging (nano-MRI). |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 12:06PM - 12:18PM |
G71.00004: Diffusion restricted nano nmr using nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond. Anjusha Vijayakumar Sreeja, Raul Gonzalez Cornejo, Nicolas Staudemaier, Stefan Dietel, Philipp Vetter, santiago Oviedo-Casado, Genko Genov, Alex Retzker, Fedor Jelezko Nano-NMR spectroscopy with nitrogen-vacancy centres is a promising platform to perform NMR from tiny sample volume. Realizing non-polarized Nano-NMR requires probing the signal, induced by the statistical polarization in such a small sample volume. The magnetic field generated by the latter is detected via the NV electron spin by measuring its spin state optically. As the nuclei in the sample diffuse out of the detection volume, the correlation of the signal decays, limiting the amount of information that can be extracted about the sample. The decay limits the measurement time to the characteristic diffusion time of the sample molecules through the detection volume and reduces the resolution. This effect of diffusion can be mitigated by spatially confining a small sample volume(1).We investigate experimentally several approaches for confining the liquids in nano pots created at the diamond surface for the purpose of improved resolution. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 12:18PM - 12:30PM |
G71.00005: Sensing and control of interacting electron-spin pairs in diamond Hans P Bartling, Nicolas Demetriou, Nicholas Zutt, Maarten Degen, Damian Kwiatkowski, Sjoerd Loenen, Conor Bradley, Tim Hugo Taminiau Optically accessible spin defects have emerged as a promising platform for quantum sensing and quantum information. The canonical system formed by a central defect spin and the surrounding bath of other spins has been widely used to study the decoherence of spin qubits and as a test bed for quantum sensing. An electron spin in a nuclear spin bath imprints a strong coherent back action on the bath spins, which has been used to sense, image and control the nuclear spins, including for applications as qubits in quantum networks and computation. However, for an electron-spin bath, back action has been traditionally considered negligible, so that the bath forms a classical source of noise. In this work, we demonstrate a strong coherent back action of a central NV center electron spin on the dynamics of a pair of coupled electron spins in a bath of P1 centers in diamond. The key to this observation is that we access microscopic single-spin configurations in a time resolved way, rather than ensemble averaging. We then use this coherent interaction to demonstrate complete control over the spin-pair qubit, to reveal very long dephasing times (T2*= 44(9) ms), and to image the NV-P1-P1 system with atomic scale resolution. These results provide new opportunities for the control of spin qubits and for the quantum sensing of interacting electron spin systems. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 12:30PM - 12:42PM |
G71.00006: Tunable Gyromagnetic Augmentation of Nuclear Spins in Diamond Russell M Goldblatt, Andrew M Martin, Alexander A Wood Nuclear spins in solids have attracted interest as a qubit platform, as they exhibit long coherence times due to an intrinsically weak coupling to magnetic fields. The reduced coupling to magnetic noise, however, comes with concomitantly weaker coupling to control fields, which leads to slow and error prone gate operations. For nuclear spins that are hyperfine-coupled to nearby electrons, such as the P1 defect in diamond, application of a magnetic field mixes electron spin state characteristics into the nuclear spin state. In this talk, I will present our work demonstrating rapid control of nuclear spins, which are well isolated from external fields, through magnetic-field induced augmentation. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 12:42PM - 1:18PM |
G71.00007: Electron spin resonance and sub-molecular resolution magnetic resonance imaging of single organic radicals with the scanning tunneling microscope. Invited Speaker: Gregory Czap Single atoms and molecules constitute the ultimate spatial limit for magnetic data storage, quantum sensors and quantum information units. Recently, increased attention has been given to organic spin radicals owing to advances in synthetic strategies used to generate magnetic edge states in nanographenes and spin arrays in covalent organic frameworks. Concurrently, electron spin resonance with the scanning tunneling microscope (ESR-STM) has recently been developed to allow atomic-scale spin resonance experiments on individual atoms and molecules with coherent control. Here we describe our efforts to measure the spin resonance of single organic radicals adsorbed on ultra-thin MgO grown on a metal support. We find that multiple molecular species become charged to anions upon adsorption via electron transfer from the underlying substrate. This spontaneous charging quenches stable radicals and generates radical anions depending on the molecular species. For radical anions, we successfully measure spin resonance using both conventional Fe-terminated tips as well as halogen-functionalized tips. Further, we demonstrate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of delocalized molecular spins with sub-molecular spatial resolution. The MRI images reveal unexpectedly rich detail arising from the highly localized exchange interaction between the magnetic tip and each atomic spin center of the delocalized electron. Our results suggest the universality of ESR-STM to probe arbitrary magnetic adsorbates and serves as an important milestone for our goal to employ single molecules as scanning spin-resonant quantum magnetometers. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 1:18PM - 1:30PM |
G71.00008: Relaxation Mechanisms of Single Dark Spins in Diamond Jonathan C Marcks, Mykyta Onizhuk, Yuxin Wang, Nazar Delegan, Masaya Fukami, Maya Watts, F. Joseph Heremans, Aashish A Clerk, Giulia Galli, David D Awschalom Widespread adoption of the nitrogen vacancy (NV) center is diamond for quantum sensing requires understanding and mitigating spin decoherence. The substitutional nitrogen electron spin (P1 center) bath, introduced into the diamond lattice during NV center synthesis, is a dominant source of NV center decoherence, but an experimental picture of the underlying bath evolution remains incomplete. Here, we present a combined computational and experimental approach to engineer NV-bath interactions and measure the relaxation of individual P1 bath spins. First, cluster correlation expansion (CCE) calculations predict the growth conditions necessary to isolate single bath spin interactions. Furthermore, these calculations allow us to determine the spin bath structure around the NV center, enabling simulations of bath dynamics that account for local disorder. We then use the NV center to measure the evolution of P1 spins with a polarization pump-probe scheme. Time-resolved P1 measurements reveal charge and spin dynamics at the single-spin level. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 1:30PM - 1:42PM |
G71.00009: Exploring new physics with Molecular Ions Trevor Taylor, Yan Zhou, Rodrigo Fernandez, Bernardo Gutierrez, Casey Johnson The electron's electric dipole moment (eEDM)/Nuclear Magnetic Quadruple Moment (NMQM) are quantities that allows for an explanation for events such as the matter antimatter imbalance and odd Charge Parity violations. While, current measurements of the eEDM have not definitively proven the existence of eEDM, the information gained through precision measurements has already constrained many extension theories. We plan to further increase precision of the measurement of eEDM using three different technologies (1) the large internal electric field of the molecular ion, TaO+ to enhance the energy shift cause by eEDM; (2) A Quantum Logic Scheme to prepare and readout a quantum state with unit certainty in a static frame; (3) a segmented ring ion trap to confine a single TaO+ molecular ion in a circular potential, and apply a rotating electric field. The expected precision of our measurement is 10^-31 e.cm. The segmented ring trap design will also use for investigation of cold ion radical collisions. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 1:42PM - 1:54PM |
G71.00010: Thermodynamics of precision for ac-driven strongly-correlated quantum devices in linear-response Andrew K Mitchell, George Mihailescu, Steve Campbell, Gabriel T Landi We study thermoelectric transport in quantum nanoelectronics devices comprising arbitrary interacting fermionic degrees of freedom coupled to macroscopic source and drain leads. Charge and heat currents flow between the leads through the interacting nanostructure due to a temperature gradient and/or ac bias voltage. However, measurement precision depends on current fluctuations, which are in turn bounded by so-called thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs). For generic interacting systems, the Landauer-Buttiker formulas cannot be used, and so we resort to the Kubo formula in linear response, generalized to the ac-driven case. Using the Green's function formalism, we show that the TUR lower-bound is exactly satisfied in linear response only in the dc limit. We also uncover TURs involving the charge-heat cross-correlation noise. In terms of using quantum transport measurements in such a nanoelectronics device for metrology, we take as the simplest concrete example the interacting Anderson impurity model of a quantum dot system. For this model we calculate the quantum Fisher information, which provides a measure of distinguishability between density matrices perturbed by an ac voltage bias, and relate it to the ac electrical conductance. We also examine more heuristic measures of sensitivity for quantum thermometry and magnetometry, seeing boosted performance when quantum many-body effects and Kondo entanglement come into play at low temperatures. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 1:54PM - 2:06PM |
G71.00011: Toward Terahertz Single-Photon Detection with Antenna-Coupled Graphene Josephson Junctions Jordan Russell, Seunghan Lee, Bae-Ian Wu, Leonardo Ranzani, Erik Henriksen, Gil-Ho Lee, Kin Chung Fong Josephson junctions with graphene weak links (GJJs) have emerged as a promising platform for the detection of single photons. Combining the exceptionally small electronic heat capacity of graphene with the strongly temperature-dependent switching of current-biased Josephson junctions, these devices are capable of operating at low photon energies, with low dark count rates, and with high detection efficiencies when coupled to an appropriate resonant structure. Here we present measurements of two generations of antenna-coupled GJJ devices designed for operation at 0.8 THz using a filtered, calibrated blackbody lightsource. Such detectors could find important applications in future space-based far-infrared observatories and wide-bandwidth searches for dark matter axions. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 2:06PM - 2:18PM |
G71.00012: Evidence of dual Shapiro steps in a Josephson junctions array Nicolò Crescini, Samuel Cailleaux, Wiebke Guichard, Cécile Naud, Olivier Buisson, Kater Murch, Nicolas Roch, Denis Basko The modern primary voltage standard is based on the AC Josephson effect and the ensuing Shapiro steps, where a microwave tone applied to a Josephson junction yields a constant voltage hf/2e (h is Planck's constant and e the electron charge) determined by only the microwave frequency f and fundamental constants. Duality arguments for current and voltage have long suggested the possibility of dual Shapiro steps–that a Josephson junction device could produce current steps with heights determined only on the applied frequency. In the first part we deal with the experimental results: in our setup we embed an ultrasmall Josephson junction in a high impedance array of larger junctions to reveal dual Shapiro steps. For multiple frequencies, we detect that the AC response of the circuit is synchronised with the microwave tone at frequency f, and the corresponding emergence of flat steps in the DC response with current 2ef, equal to the transport of a Cooper pair per tone period. The second part presents the theoretical tools developed to understand and simulate the complex behavior of an ultrasmall Josephson junction embedded in an array of larger junctions. We analytically and numerically study the non-linear equations of motion of a chain of junctions coupled to an electromagnetic environment. This work sheds new light on phase-charge duality, omnipresent in condensed matter physics, and extends it to Josephson circuits. Looking forward, this result opens a broad range of possibilities for new experiments in the field of circuit quantum electrodynamics and is an important step towards the long-sought closure of the quantum metrology electrical triangle. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 2:18PM - 2:30PM |
G71.00013: Evidence of dual Shapiro steps in a Josephson junctions array part 2 Samuel Cailleaux The modern primary voltage standard is based on the AC Josephson effect and the ensuing Shapiro steps, where a microwave tone applied to a Josephson junction yields a constant voltage hf/2e (h is Planck's constant and e the electron charge) determined by only the microwave frequency f and fundamental constants. Duality arguments for current and voltage have long suggested the possibility of dual Shapiro steps–that a Josephson junction device could produce current steps with heights determined only on the applied frequency. In the first part we deal with the experimental results: in our setup we embed an ultrasmall Josephson junction in a high impedance array of larger junctions to reveal dual Shapiro steps. For multiple frequencies, we detect that the AC response of the circuit is synchronised with the microwave tone at frequency f, and the corresponding emergence of flat steps in the DC response with current 2ef, equal to the transport of a Cooper pair per tone period. The second part presents the theoretical tools developed to understand and simulate the complex behavior of an ultrasmall Josephson junction embedded in an array of larger junctions. We analytically and numerically study the non-linear equations of motion of a chain of junctions coupled to an electromagnetic environment. This work sheds new light on phase-charge duality, omnipresent in condensed matter physics, and extends it to Josephson circuits. Looking forward, this result opens a broad range of possibilities for new experiments in the field of circuit quantum electrodynamics and is an important step towards the long-sought closure of the quantum metrology electrical triangle.
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