Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2023
Volume 68, Number 3
Las Vegas, Nevada (March 5-10)
Virtual (March 20-22); Time Zone: Pacific Time
Session G64: Bosonic Quantum Error Correction Codes |
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Sponsoring Units: DQI Chair: Jahan Claes, Yale University Room: Room 415 |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 11:30AM - 11:42AM |
G64.00001: Autonomous quantum error correction of Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill states, Part 1: Experiments Dany Lachance-Quirion, Jean Olivier Simoneau, Pascal Lemieux, Maxime Tremblay, Sara Turcotte, Marc-Antoine Lemonde, Wyatt Wright, Sara Hosseini, Florian Hopfmüller, Valentin Kasper, Salil Bedkahil, Julien Camirand Lemyre, Philippe St-Jean Bosonic codes aim to take advantage of the large Hilbert space offered by harmonic oscillators to encode logical qubits with some degrees of redundancy within a single physical system, thus providing a promising route for hardware-efficient fault-tolerant quantum computing. Most notably, Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) states are shown to be resilient to the main source of error in most bosonic systems, that is, single photon loss. Initialization and quantum error correction of GKP states have been recently demonstrated in both superconducting circuits and trapped ions. Here we present experimental results in superconducting circuits showing the stabilization of GKP states based on a recently proposed reservoir-engineering approach. In addition to cavity-ancillary qubit entangling gates and single ancillary qubit rotations, the technique uses a feedback-free reset of the ancillary qubit, making the quantum error correction protocol completely autonomous. The logical lifetime with quantum error correction is shown to be on par with the lifetime under free evolution, demonstrating autonomous quantum error correction close to the break-even threshold without any postselection. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 11:42AM - 11:54AM |
G64.00002: Autonomous quantum error correction of Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill states, Part 2: Theory Marc-Antoine Lemonde, Dany Lachance-Quirion, Maxime Tremblay, Jean Olivier Simoneau, Pascal Lemieux, Florian Hopfmüller, Valentin Kasper, Salil K Bedkihal, Sara Turcotte, Sara Hosseini, Wyatt Wright, Julien Camirand Lemyre, Philippe St-Jean Bosonic codes aim to take advantage of the large Hilbert space offered by harmonic oscillators to encode logical qubits with some degrees of redundancy within a single physical system, thus providing a possible route for hardware-efficient fault-tolerant quantum computing. Most notably, Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) states are shown to be resilient to the main source of error in most bosonic systems, that is, photon loss. In part 1, we present experimental results in superconducting circuits demonstrating fully autonomous stabilization of GKP states, which led to quantum error correction close to the break-even threshold without any postselection. In this presentation (part 2), we present the theoretical background and numerical simulations that guided those experiments, and discuss fundamental insights into the stabilization protocol. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 11:54AM - 12:06PM |
G64.00003: Towards fault-tolerant stabilization of a GKP qubit using a Kerr-cat ancilla (1/2) Andy Z Ding, Benjamin L Brock, Alec W Eickbusch, Volodymyr Sivak, Jayameenakshi Venkatraman, Rodrigo G Cortinas, Vidul R Joshi, Stijn J de Graaf, Benjamin J Chapman, Ioannis Tsioutsios, Shruti Puri, Luigi Frunzio, Robert J Schoelkopf, Michel H Devoret Bosonic quantum error correction (QEC) offers a hardware-efficient means of redundantly encoding a logical qubit within the large Hilbert space of a harmonic oscillator. The Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) code is particularly promising for use in the circuit QED architecture since it can efficiently correct for photon loss in the oscillator, which is the dominant source of intrinsic error in state-of-the-art superconducting microwave cavities. In the recent realizations of the GKP code using this architecture, an ancillary qubit is used to stabilize GKP codewords in the cavity, a process which has been shown to be sensitive to ancilla bit-flips but insensitive to ancilla phase-flips [1, 2]. Using a noise-biased ancilla therefore offers a pathway to fault-tolerant error correction of the GKP code [3]. Here, we discuss our experimental progress toward stabilizing the GKP code using a Kerr-cat ancilla. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 12:06PM - 12:18PM |
G64.00004: Towards fault-tolerant stabilization of a GKP qubit using a Kerr-cat ancilla (2/2) Benjamin L Brock, Andy Z Ding, Alec W Eickbusch, Jayameenakshi Venkatraman, Rodrigo G Cortiñas, Vidul R Joshi, Stijn J de Graaf, Benjamin J Chapman, Ioannis Tsioutsios, Shruti Puri, Luigi Frunzio, Robert J Schoelkopf, Michel H Devoret Bosonic quantum error correction (QEC) offers a hardware-efficient means of redundantly encoding a logical qubit within the large Hilbert space of a harmonic oscillator. The Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) code is particularly promising for use in the circuit QED architecture since it can efficiently correct for photon loss in the oscillator, which is the dominant source of intrinsic error in state-of-the-art superconducting microwave cavities. In the recent realizations of the GKP code using this architecture, an ancillary qubit is used to stabilize GKP codewords in the cavity, a process which has been shown to be sensitive to ancilla bit-flips but insensitive to ancilla phase-flips [1, 2]. Using a noise-biased ancilla therefore offers a pathway to fault-tolerant error correction of the GKP code [3]. Here, we discuss our experimental progress toward stabilizing the GKP code using a Kerr-cat ancilla. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 12:18PM - 12:30PM |
G64.00005: Experimental Realization and Characterization of Stabilized Pair Coherent States I: Motivation and Methods Sean van Geldern, Jeffrey Gertler, Shruti Shirol, Liang Jiang, Chen Wang The stabilization of Bosonic qubits in microwave cavities is a promising step towards implementing quantum error correction codes. The pair cat code, which utilizes a two mode entangled state, assures significant advantages over the previously implemented one-mode cat code for autonomous quantum error correction schemes. A pair coherent state (PCS) forms the basis of this pair cat code. This work is the first implementation of an engineered non-linear two-photon driven dissipation across two storage cavities that generates and stabilizes a PCS. This is part I of the talk and will be discussing the motivations along with the methods to create and characterize the PCS. To achieve this state we implement a cross-cavity pair-photon driven dissipation process, involving a four wave mixing (FWM) process converting a pair of the two storage photons into a reservoir photon and the reverse process. The cross-cavity aspect conserves the photon number difference allowing the state to stabilize to a specific complex amplitude. We introduce a technique of quantum subspace tomography, enabling direct measurements of individual coherence elements of a high-dimensional quantum state without global tomographic reconstruction, thus allowing characterization of the state. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 12:30PM - 12:42PM |
G64.00006: Experimental Realization and Characterization of Stabilized Pair Coherent State II : State Characterization Results Shruti Shirol, Sean van Geldern, Jeffrey Gertler, Liang Jiang, Chen Wang The stabilization of Bosonic qubits in microwave cavities is a promising step towards implementing quantum error correction codes. The pair cat code, which utilizes a two mode entangled state, assures significant advantages over the previously implemented one-mode cat code for autonomous quantum error correction schemes. A pair coherent state (PCS) forms the basis of this pair cat code. This work is the first implementation of an engineered non-linear two-photon driven dissipation across two storage cavities that generates and stabilizes PCS. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 12:42PM - 12:54PM |
G64.00007: Assembling a chain of 3 cat-qubits for phase-flip error detection (Part 1) Louise Devanz, Jeremy Stevens, Emanuele Albertinale, Danielius Banys, Nicolas Bourdaud, Joachim Cohen, Nathanael Cottet, Antoine Essig, Pierre FEVRIER, Adrien Gicquel, Antoine Gras, Jérémie Guillaud, Pierre Guilmin, Sebastion Jezouin, Raphael Lescanne, Paul Magnard, Theau Peronnin, Alexandre May, Ivana Petkovic, Anil Murani, Stephane Polis, Felix Rautschke, Camille Roy, Jean-Loup Ville Bosonic codes provide a first level of error protection to limit the hardware overhead required for quantum error correction. However, to reach low enough error rates for practical quantum algorithms, these codes have to be concatenated with a discrete variable quantum error correction code, such as the surface code. Like other bosonic codes, autonomously stabilized cat-qubits have demonstrated this first layer of error correction, suppressing bit-flips exponentially with average photon number at a linear cost in phase-flips. However, the necessary concatenation with a repetition code to correct against phase-flip has yet to be demonstrated. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 12:54PM - 1:06PM |
G64.00008: Assembling a chain of 3 cat-qubits for phase-flip error detection (Part 2) Jean-Loup Ville, Emanuele Albertinale, Danielius Banys, Nicolas Bourdaud, Joachim Cohen, Nathanael P Cottet, Louise Devanz, Antoine Essig, Pierre FEVRIER, Adrien Gicquel, Antoine Gras, Jérémie Guillaud, Pierre Guilmin, Sebastien Jezouin, Raphael Lescanne, Paul Magnard, Alexandre May, Anil Murani, Theau Peronnin, Ivana Petkovic, Stephane Polis, Felix Rautschke, Camille Roy, Jeremy Stevens Bosonic codes provide a first level of error protection to limit the hardware overhead required for quantum error correction. However, to reach low enough error rates for practical quantum algorithms, these codes have to be concatenated with a discrete variable quantum error correction code, such as the surface code. Like other bosonic codes, autonomously stabilized cat-qubits have demonstrated this first layer of error correction, suppressing bit-flips exponentially with average photon number at a linear cost in phase-flips. However, the necessary concatenation with a repetition code to correct against phase-flip has yet to be demonstrated. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 1:06PM - 1:18PM |
G64.00009: Quantum control and error correction with two bosonic modes (1/2) Cassady Smith, Akshay Koottandavida, Ioannis Tsioutsios, Aikaterini Kargioti, Luigi Frunzio, Michel H Devoret Encoding quantum information in bosonic modes is a promising way to realize error-corrected logical qubits for fault tolerant quantum computing. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 1:18PM - 1:30PM |
G64.00010: Quantum control and error correction with two bosonic modes (2/2) Akshay Koottandavida, Cassady Smith, Ioannis Tsioutsios, Aikaterini Kargioti, Luigi Frunzio, Michel H Devoret Encoding quantum information in bosonic modes is a promising way to realize error-corrected logical qubits for fault tolerant quantum computing. In recent years there has been a lot of progress with qubits encoded in states of single bosonic modes. However, logical qubits encoded in the joint Hilbert space of two bosonic modes offer simpler error syndromes in comparison. Advantageously, the error syndromes for these codes can be engineered in such a way that they are transparent to ancilla errors. In our experiment, we explore these two-mode bosonic encodings for quantum error correction in 3D superconducting microwave architecture. We use a cross-Kerr tuning parametric process, which was recently demonstrated in a single mode system, to dynamically modify the interaction Hamiltonian between the bosonic modes and an ancilla transmon. We use this method to also perform joint-Wigner tomography on the two-mode states. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 1:30PM - 1:42PM |
G64.00011: Autonomous quantum error correction and fault-tolerant quantum computation with squeezed cat qubits – Part I Guo Zheng, Qian Xu, Yuxin Wang, Peter Zoller, Aashish A Clerk, Liang Jiang Bosonic codes encode information into infinite dimensional Hilbert space and provide a hardware-efficient approach to fault tolerant quantum computing. Moreover, autonomous quantum error correction (AutoQEC) emerges as a promising method to extract entropy from the while avoiding measurement overheads. Therefore, it is desirable to design a bosonic code that can both correct excitation loss errors, the dominant error source, and be autonomously stabilized with a low order of nonlinearity. In part I, we propose an AutoQEC scheme using a two-component squeezed cat (SC) code. Through reservoir engineering, we show that a structured dissipation can stabilize the code space while autonomously correcting loss errors. The stabilized SC also exhibits an even stronger noise bias than the conventional cat code. The implementation of such dissipation only requires low-order nonlinear couplings among three bosonic modes or between a bosonic mode and a qutrit. While our proposed scheme is device independent, it is readily implementable with current experimental platforms such as superconducting circuits and trapped-ion systems. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 1:42PM - 1:54PM |
G64.00012: Autonomous quantum error correction and fault-tolerant quantum computation with squeezed cat qubits - Part II Qian Xu, Guo Zheng, Yuxin Wang, Peter Zoller, Aashish A Clerk, Liang Jiang Bosonic codes encode information into infinite dimensional Hilbert space and provide a hardware-efficient approach to fault tolerant quantum computing. Moreover, autonomous quantum error correction (AutoQEC) emerges as a promising method to extract entropy from the circuit while avoiding measurement overheads. Therefore, it is desirable to design a bosonic code that can both correct excitation loss errors, the dominant error source, and be autonomously stabilized with a low order of nonlinearity. In part II, we apply the dissipatively stabilized squeezed cat for concatenated QEC and fault-tolerant quantum computing. With a set of carefully-designed bias-preserving operations, the stabilized SC leads to substantially better logical performance when concatenating with an outer discrete-variable code compared to the cat. The surface-SC scheme has a more than one-order-of-magnitude increase in the threshold noise ratio between the loss rate and the engineered dissipation rate. Under a practical noise ratio of 10^-3, the repetition-SC scheme can reach a 10^-15 logical error rate even with a small mean photon number of 4, which already suffices for useful quantum algorithms. |
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