Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2023
Volume 68, Number 3
Las Vegas, Nevada (March 5-10)
Virtual (March 20-22); Time Zone: Pacific Time
Session G40: Active MetamaterialsFocus
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Sponsoring Units: DMP Chair: Lan Yang, Washington University, St. Louis Room: Room 232 |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 11:30AM - 12:06PM |
G40.00001: Nonlinear and Quantum Semiconductor Metasurface Invited Speaker: Igal Brener Metamaterials and their 2D implementation – metasurfaces - have been used extensively for wavefront manipulation since their inception nearly two decades ago. This has led to a revolution in optics due to the ability to design optical components with functionality and form factor that was unthinkable not long ago. Another use of metasurfaces relies on the ability to tailor distributions and intensities of local electromagnetic fields to study a variety of fundamental phenomena in light-matter interaction, create novel tunable and active devices and enhance optical nonlinearities. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 12:06PM - 12:18PM |
G40.00002: Active mid-infrared polarization control by a coupled surface plasmon-phonon polariton cavity on VO2-SiC metasurfaces Zach M Brown, SATYANARAYANA R KACHIRAJU, Sundar Kunwar, Long Chang, Pinku Roy, Ayrton A Bernussi, Vladimir Kuryatkov, Matthew Gaddy, Aiping Chen, Myoung-Hwan Kim Polarimetry is an invaluable tool for investigating material properties under the influence of polarized light. Often, long-wave infrared polarimetry is limited due to a lack of polarization-sensitive optical components at mid- and far-infrared (MIR and FIR). Here, we experimentally demonstrate a MIR active and highly efficient polarization-control nanostructure. We measure the polarization rotation and ellipticity induced from gold subwavelength grating structures on top of vanadium dioxide (VO2) film on silicon carbide. The proposed structure has a resonance at 840 cm-1 due to the Fabry-Perot cavity array of coupled surface plasmon-phonon polaritons. The insulator-metal phase transition of VO2 at 55C causes a 25 cm-1 resonance shift. The light component parallel to the grating reflects when on resonance, while the perpendicular light is strongly absorbed. Off resonance, the reflected light gains an additional scattering phase and intensity from the cavity, changing its polarization. A custom, high-resolution polarimetric spectrum microscope was developed to measure the IR polarization spectra of samples as small as 100x100-micron. This work demonstrates a novel polarimetry apparatus, enabling researchers to do precise polarimetric studies of small samples at FIR wavelengths.
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Tuesday, March 7, 2023 12:18PM - 12:30PM |
G40.00003: Intensity, wavelength and polarization control of valley excitonic emissions in monolayer MoS2 by dielectric metasurfaces Sze Cheung Lau, Yin Liu, Wen-Hui Sophia Cheng, Amalya C Johnson, Qitong Li, Emma Simmerman, Ouri Karni, Jack Hu, Yongmin Liu, Fang Liu, Mark L Brongersma, Jennifer Dionne, Tony F Heinz Transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) monolayers host robust excitons with a valley degree of |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 12:30PM - 12:42PM |
G40.00004: Gate-tunable topological singularities in two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures for active metasurfaces Melissa Li, Lior Michaeli, Harry Atwater Analysis of non-Hermitian photonic systems by the spectral positions of their topological singularities plays a central role in their design considerations. Recently, the link between topological singularities and existing schemes for far-field beam shaping revealed that the full-2π phase control of light scattering from metasurfaces is associated with branch cut crossing on the complex frequency plane. Here, we report our study on gate-tunable monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) to actively change the scattering parameters of our heterostructures by controlling the spectral position of the topological singularities. Specifically, by leveraging the large tunability of TMDC excitonic resonances, we demonstrate an active metasurface based on monolayer TMDC heterostructures that can deflect light to angles up to ±50°. Our analysis reveals that moderate voltage values of ±5 V is sufficient to push the branch cuts to the real frequency axis, enabling 2π phase modulation with uniform reflectance which is crucial for efficient directive deflection. Our results can be extended to explore further effects of excitonic resonances on tunable topological platforms for arbitrary beam shaping and exceptional point-based sensing, contributing to the development of active two-dimensional nanophotonics. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 12:42PM - 12:54PM |
G40.00005: Direct Generation of Terahertz Vector Beams with Symmetry-Controlled Optoelectronic Metasurface Jacob A Pettine, Rohit P Prasankumar, Antoinette J Taylor, Prashant Padmanabhan, Hou-Tong Chen A broad range of materials can serve as sources of terahertz radiation when exposed to femtosecond pulsed optical fields, due to effects such as coherent optical rectification, transient photocurrent generation, or ultrafast demagnetization. While various sources have become quite powerful, the ability to design and actively control polarization properties of the emitted terahertz fields remain limited by often restrictive light-matter interaction symmetries. Here, we introduce a new class of optoelectronic metasurfaces consisting of asymmetric gold nanostructures on graphene, which can be designed for arbitrary local (nanoscale) and global (millimeter-scale) transient vectorial currents and corresponding terahertz radiation distributions. In particular, we demonstrate continuous terahertz polarization control with a C3v symmetric Kagome lattice, as well as direct generation of elusive terahertz vector beams with radial and azimuthal arrays. Field strengths comparable to conventional 1 mm thick ZnTe sources have already been observed for linear arrays, with 30,000-fold thinner metasurfaces. These initial results suggest a variety of new capabilities for integrated terahertz sources with a high degree of design flexibility and active optical control opportunities. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 12:54PM - 1:06PM |
G40.00006: Low-loss plasmonic resonances in heavily doped InAs for infrared optoelectronics integration christopher g cailide, Ethan D Caudill, Michael A Lloyd, John P Murphy, Kiernan E Arledge, Tetsuya D Mishima, Jill A Nolde, Jesse Frantz, Chase T Ellis, Priyantha Weerasinghe, Terry D Golding, Michael B Santos, Joseph G Tischler Plasmonic resonances supported by traditional metals (e.g., gold, silver, and aluminum) have been used to enhance optoelectronic devices such as emitters and detectors.[1] However, these materials are very lossy in the infrared region, hindering their use in actual devices that operate in the infrared.[2] To overcome this issue, we use doped III-V semiconductors as a low-loss plasmonic material that can be easily integrated with traditional III-V infrared optoelectronic devices. Here we show that an InAs epilayer, when highly-doped with Tellurium (up to 1020 cm-3), exhibits a plasma frequency corresponding to light at a free-space wavelength of 4.5 microns. When a 1D grating with period < 5 μm is formed in the epilayer via dry etching, resonances at longer wavelengths (5.5 to 14 microns) are observed with quality factors around 7 and absorption as high as 95%. Finite element electromagnetic models of the resonance modes show good agreement with our experimental results. This work was funded by OSD Contract No: W911NF-22-P-0024 administered by ARO. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 1:06PM - 1:18PM |
G40.00007: Dielectric resonances in hexagonal boron nitride nanodisks Milad Nourbakhsh High-index nanomaterials play a substantial role in the enhancement of optical effects based on electric and magnetic Mie resonances. While hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) has been heavily explored within the Reststrahlen bands (RB) as a natural hyperbolic phonon polariton material, close to the transversal optical modes outside the RB the dielectric constant has extremely high positive values. The latter provides the opportunity of producing dielectric resonators with very large dielectric constants. We report infrared Mie resonances of hBN nanodisks (NDs). Reflection and transmission spectra of hBN NDs of different size have been investigated to understand Mie resonances within the infrared range. We show the presence of a strong magnetic dipole resonance which energy and strength depends on the size and geometry of the hBN NDs as well as the substrate properties. Finite element modeling of the electromagnetic fields has been performed and is in excellent agreement with our experimental results. Numerical and experimental data have indicated that by selecting the proper substrate thickness and hBN NDs radius, much more prominent Mie resonances are achieved. Mie resonances provide an opportunity to easily manipulate light confinement for the design of optical devices such as nanoresonators, nanolasers, highly efficient metasurfaces and ultrafast metadevices. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 1:18PM - 1:30PM |
G40.00008: Low-Loss Infrared Ultrawide Type I Hyperbolic Metamaterial Based on III-V Semiconductors Ethan D Caudill, christopher g cailide, Michael A Lloyd, J P Murphy, Kiernan E Arledge, Tetsuya D Mishima, Jill A Nolde, Chase T Ellis, Priyantha Weerasinghe, Terry D Golding, Michael B Santos, Joseph G Tischler, Jesse Frantz While polar dielectric materials provide natural low-loss infrared hyperbolic resonances through the excitation of phonon polaritons , the operational bandwidth of these materials is limited to a few hundred wavenumbers (cm-1) or tenths of electronvolts. Also, integrating these materials with large-scale infrared optoelectronic devices presents many challenges. In this work, we implemented an ultrawide low-loss Type I hyperbolic metamaterial covering a spectral bandwidth of 2000 cm-1 for wavelengths above 4.7mm. We produced the hyperbolic metamaterial with a stack of intercalated heavily-doped InAs and undoped InAs epilayers grown by molecular beam epitaxy . The InAs epilayer was heavily doped with tellurium to obtain electron concentrations of 1020 cm-3. The Type I hyperbolicity of these stacks was determined through infrared ellipsometry obtaining effective optical constants for the stacks. These materials were then dry etched to form one-dimensional (1D) square gratings with periods and linewidths ranging from 1 to 5 mm. The measured effective optical constants measured through ellipsometry were used to model the gratings optical response by finite element electromagnetic calculations (COMSOL). The models agree with measurements, showing the formation of hyperbolic plasmon polaritons at the same frequencies where experimental features were observed. This work demonstrates that high subdiffractional light confinement can be achieved with a III-V metamaterial that can be integrated with III-V semiconductor infrared devices such as photodetectors and emitters at a large scale. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 1:30PM - 1:42PM |
G40.00009: Polaritonic sinusoidal gratings NAZLI RASOULI SARABI Two-photon polymerization provides the opportunity to create 2.5D metasurfaces of arbitrary shape on various materials. In this work, we demonstrate the ability to produce metallic and metallic-like sinusoidal one-dimensional gratings with the use of a Photonic Professional GT2 Nanoscribe. In particular, we produced metallic-coated sinusoidal gratings with varying periods and heights, capable of sustaining surface plasmon polaritons for both gold and copper. The grating period ranged from 1 to 6.2 μm, while the heights ranged from 1 to 6.2 μm. In the case of gold, the two plasmonic resonances measured are in the range of 2000 to 3500 cm-1 and 4900 to 7100 cm-1 with Q factors varying between 0.7 and 6, Similarly, for copper, two plasmonic resonances were measured in the range of 900 to 940 cm-1 and 5800 to 6600 cm-1 with Q factors varying between 0.5 and 5. We also produced 4H SiC sinusoidal gratings that support surface phonon polariton resonances within the Restsrahlen band between 797 cm-1 and 972 cm-1. Gratings were produced utilizing the Nanoscribe to produce a grayscale mask that was etched into the SiC substrate to obtain sinusoidal gratings with periods also varying from 1 to 6.2 μm while the heights were varied from 0.3 to 2 μm. In this case, as expected from a low-loss plasmonic-like polar dielectric, the Q factors of the resonances within the Restsrahlen band were in the range of 50-110. To understand the origin of these surface plasmon and surface phonon polariton resonances, we performed finite element calculations using COMSOL. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 1:42PM - 1:54PM |
G40.00010: Mapping Phonon Polaritons with Visible Light Kiernan E Arledge, Michael A Meeker, Chase T Ellis, NAZLI RASOULI SARABI, Vincent R Whiteside, Chul Soo Kim, Mijin Kim, Daniel Ratchford, Binbin Weng, Joseph G Tischler Surface phonon polaritons (SPhPs) are modes resulting from the strong coupling of infrared light with optical phonons in polar materials. SPhPs show great promise for tailoring light-matter interactions at size-scales below the diffraction limit. Interrogating SPhP modes has mostly been pursued by measuring the far field behavior of resonant modes (i.e., eigenvalues), through which SPhPs can be investigated through resonant frequencies and linewidths along with the strength of the resonances. In other instances, the study of SPhPs has been accomplished by mapping electromagnetic fields (i.e., eigenstates) solely at the surface of nanostructured resonators by atomic force microscopy assisted techniques and, in some limited cases, measuring the three-dimensional fields using electron scattering. Accurate knowledge of SPhPs has been hindered by the absence of experimental techniques to map eigenstates in three dimensions that are easy, cheap, and non-destructive.This work demonstrates the direct experimental measurement of infrared SPhPs eigenstates through 3-D Raman mapping. In particular, we apply this technique to map SPhPs in nanopillars of Indium Phosphide (InP). Furthermore, we demonstrate that SPhPs couple to bulk Raman modes through the material's polarizability and, to a lesser extent, via electron-phonon coupling. These observations provide a new method for measuring SPhP modes in nanostructured materials and a novel way to investigate the physical phenomena involved in coupling bulk phonons to SPhPs. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 1:54PM - 2:06PM |
G40.00011: Controlling single-photon emission with ultrathin transdimensional plasmonic films Igor V Bondarev The properties of a two-level quantum dipole (DE) emitter near an ultrathin transdimensional (TD) plasmonic film are studied theoretically [1]. The model system studied mimics a solid-state single-photon source device. The spontaneous and stimulated emission intensity profiles are computed as functions of the excitation frequency and film thickness, followed by the analysis of the second-order photon correlations to explore the photon antibunching effect. It is shown that ultrathin TD films can greatly improve photon antibunching with thickness reduction, which allows one to control the quantum properties of light and make them more pronounced. The theory can be tested in experiments similar to those reported recently for epitaxial TiN films with thicknesses below 10 nm grown on MgO substrates and covered with an AlScN passivation layer [2], with nanodimond NV-centers as DEs deposited on the varied-thickness passivation layer. Knowledge of these properties is advantageous for solid-state single-photon source device engineering and in general for the development of the new integrated quantum photonics material platform based on the ultrathin TD plasmonic films. – [1] I.V.Bondarev, arXiv:2207.07768 (to appear in Annalen der Physik); [2] D.Shah, et al., Nano Lett. 22, 4622 (2022). |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 2:06PM - 2:18PM |
G40.00012: Electrically Tunable Second Harmonic Generation in the Lu2O3 Plasmonic Tunnel Junction Yuankai Tang, Saurav Prakash, Ariando Ariando, Thirumalai V Venkatesan, Amit Agrawal, Hayk Harutyunyan Nanostructures utilizing noble metals have been widely used to realize localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) for several decades. Their unique optical properties, especially strong near-field enhancement, provide a platform for strong light-matter interaction such as for nonlinear light generation, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), and plasmon-exciton coupling. Tunnel junctions, typically composed of sub-nanometer scale (<5 nm) insulating layer and metal electrodes, can be engineered to support LSPRs. With tunable electrical and optical response, plasmonic tunnel junctions can be leveraged to electrically control light-matter interaction in ultrathin insulating gaps. Here, we observe electrically tunable second harmonic generations (SHG) in plasmonic tunnel junctions based on indium tin oxide (ITO)/Lu2O3/Au. The intensity of SHG is modified over a large range with small applied voltages (<2V) within the tunneling regime. Due to the compact size and unique electrical properties of this approach, this phenomenon can further be employed to realize promising applications including integrated light sources and detectors at the sub-nanometer length scale. |
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