Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2023
Volume 68, Number 3
Las Vegas, Nevada (March 5-10)
Virtual (March 20-22); Time Zone: Pacific Time
Session G20: Matter at Extreme Conditions: Dynamic ExperimentsFocus
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Sponsoring Units: GSCCM Chair: Nir Goldman, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab Room: Room 212 |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 11:30AM - 12:06PM |
G20.00001: Real-time latent heat emission during dynamic-compression freezing of water Invited Speaker: Erin J Nissen The temperature of liquid water was measured during quasi-isentropic compression for the first time. Compression was achieved through multiple shock wave loading using sapphire windows, where photon Doppler velocimetry (PDV) was collected at the liquid/window interface and the radiance was simultaneously collected from a ZrF fiber on an amplified liquid nitrogen cooled InSb detector with ~10 ns time resolution. The results show ice clusters form at pressures below the previously defined metastable limit of 6 – 7 GPa for homogeneous nucleation of ice VII. We also show the water is not hypercoooled as previously described. Instead, the latent heat from solidification brings the temperature to the liquid-ice VII melt line, where it remains with increasing pressure. We suggest an alternative hypothesis to corroborate the results presented here with previous work on dynamic compression freezing of liquid water. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 12:06PM - 12:18PM |
G20.00002: Diversity of Shock Compression Responses in Single Crystal Forsterite Hannah L Shelton, David A Brantley, Aidan M Hallinan, Jacob R Nutall, Ryan S Crum, Jinping Hu, Paul D Asimow Understanding a variety of geophysical phenomena, such as giant impact events and mantle stratification, relies on accurate determinations of mineralogical equations of state. This includes mapping phase boundaries and exploring rate-dependent transformation pathways. Forsterite (Mg2SiO4), the magnesium-rich endmember of the olivine Mg-Fe solid solution, has been a mainstay of both static and dynamic high pressure experiments due to its geophysical significance. We have performed a series of dynamic compression experiments on single crystal forsterite samples utilizing two-stage light gas guns to achieve pressures ranging from 86 to 211 GPa. To determine in-situ shock temperatures, we utilized both discrete wavelength multi-channel optical pyrometry and streaked spectral pyrometry. Rather than assuming greybody-like behavior, wavelength-dependent emissivity was incorporated into the temperature determination. Shock temperature data for forsterite below the liquidus and in a region of superheated solid metastability solid show complex wavelength dependent behavior that resolves after melting. Additionally, will discuss improvements to target design, temperature diagnostic setup and calibration, methods for in-situ emissivity determination, and data reduction to improve temperature measurements and reduce uncertainties. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 12:18PM - 12:30PM |
G20.00003: Single Crystal X-Ray Diffraction and Raman Spectroscopy of Hydrazine at High Pressures Roma Ripani, Russell J Hemley, Fatemeh Safari, Muhetaer Aihaiti Synchrotron single crystal x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy have been used to investigate the structure and vibrational properties of hydrazine up to 52 GPa. Diffraction data from ambient pressure to 37 GPa reveal a phase transition in hydrazine from the P2 1 /m (Z = 2) phase to a phase with P-1 symmetry (Z = 4) at approximately 20 GPa. The structure of the high pressure phase was solved by direct methods. Raman measurements up to 52 GPa in the range of 3000 cm -1 to 3500 cm -1 show splitting in both the symmetric and asymmetric N-H stretching vibration bands near the transition pressure, indicating a change in hydrogen bonding at the transition pressure, consistent with the diffraction data. These results resolve several inconsistencies in the literature and provide useful baseline information on this important energetic material. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 12:30PM - 12:42PM |
G20.00004: Structures and equation of state of gadolinium using in-situ x-ray diffraction Sakun Duwal, Chad A McCoy, Daniel Dolan, Cody A Melton, Marcus D Knudson, Christopher T Seagle F-electron metals remain one of the most complex systems for predicting material behavior using ab-initio calculations, due to their sophisticated electronic and lattice structures. Therefore, obtaining experimental data on lanthanides becomes extremely crucial to tightly constraining the equation of state. Here, we present direct evidence of phase transitions and melting along the principle Hugoniot in a f-electron lanthanide, gadolinium using in-situ laser shock diffraction at the Dynamic Compression Sector (DCS). |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 12:42PM - 12:54PM |
G20.00005: Examining the transition enthalpy of Sn from shock melting Matthew T Beason, Brian J Jensen Dynamic measurements of shock melting in metals using XRD have enabled tightly constrained determination of the extent of the solid-liquid two-phase region along the Hugoniot. The phase evolution along the Sn Hugoniot from 30-90 GPa has been constrained using laser driven shock loading coupled with XRD at the Dynamic Compression Sector. The results of this study will be presented. This will then be followed by a discussion of the use of this diffraction data to constrain the transition enthalpy and entropy assuming two different melt boundaries. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 12:54PM - 1:06PM |
G20.00006: Hugoniot, sound speed, and phase transitions of sapphire for pressures 0.2-2.1 TPa Chad A McCoy, Pat Kalita, Marcus D Knudson, Sakun Duwal, Seth Root, Michael P Desjarlais Sapphire (Al2O3) is important to high-pressure physics and understanding the interiors of Earth-like planets. In high-pressure physics, it is commonly used in it’s Cr-doped form, ruby, as a pressure standard for diamond anvil cells. In planetary physics, it is one of the end-member constituents of the mantle. Its properties are poorly known for pressures >350 GPa, and the pressures at which the various solid-solid phase transitions and shock melting occur have not been fully constrained. We present a wide-range sapphire Hugoniot covering the pressure range 0.2-2.1 TPa and identify pressures where the principal Hugoniot intersects solid-solid phase boundaries and the melt curve. Sound speeds were measured in both solid and liquid material to help constrain off-Hugoniot properties of the material. A multiphase Hugoniot fit was determined and can be used for future high-pressure experiments using sapphire as an equation of state standard. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 1:06PM - 1:18PM |
G20.00007: High Energy Laser Preheat Characterization for MagLIF Experiments Aaron Hansen, Adam J Harvey-Thompson, Matthew R Weis, Eric C Harding, Jeffrey Fein, Matthew R Gomez, Matthias Geissel, David J Ampleford, Roberto C Mancini, Jason Clapp Laser preheating is used in Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion (MagLIF) experiments to set the fuel adiabat before the pulsed-power driven implosion. In previous experiments and simulations, it has been shown that the laser-fuel coupling is strongly influenced by the pre-imposed axial magnetic field, the laser spot size, and the presence of the laser entrance hole (LEH) window. Experiments were conducted at the Omega laser facility and at the Z-machine with the goal of characterizing laser-fuel coupling at MagLIF relevant conditions. The Z-machine laser preheat platform closely matched the integrated MagLIF experiments and used an argon dopant to enable X-ray imaging and spectroscopic analysis. The Omega experiment used a gas-puff target which allowed access for optical diagnostics and the option to include or exclude a surrogate LEH window. Comparisons are made against three-dimensional HYDRA calculations for both experiments. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 1:18PM - 1:30PM Author not Attending |
G20.00008: Quantifying Shock Response of Additively Manufactured Polymer Materials Christopher R. Johnson, Bernardo G Farfan, Scott Alexander, Ryan Zarate Since the onset of modern additive manufacturing (AM), many polymers have been adopted for |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 1:30PM - 1:42PM |
G20.00009: Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) measurements in ramp compressed tantalum at the National Ignition Facility Andrew Krygier, Hong Sio, Robert E Rudd, Stanimir Bonev, Federica Coppari, Amy L Coleman, Jon H Eggert, Stanislav Stoupin, Yuan Ping Dynamic compression is now a widespread technique for investigating material properties at extraordinary pressure, density, and temperature. However, there is a nearly complete lack of termperature measurements across the full scope of this field. As a result, thermal effects remain a large source of uncertainty in equation of state constructrion. Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS), which refers to modulations in the x-ray absorption spectra in the region just above an edge that arise from the photoelectron scattering off of neighboring atoms, is a powerful diagnostic for characterizing material properties. EXAFS is particularly sensitive to density, temperature, and crystal structure in the range 100s-10000 K, where most materials form a solid at high pressure. Here we present results of experiments at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) that measured EXAFS from tantalum ramp compressed to ~2 Mbar following different initial shock states. These measurements are made possible by the high flux x-ray source [1] and high fidelity laser pulse shaping available at the NIF, as well as the high-resolution x-ray spectrometer design [2]. L-edge EXAFS, which is required for high atomic number materials, is particularly challenging due to intrinscially small amplitude EXAFS oscillations compared to K-edge. We discuss these results and prospects for this capability at NIF. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 1:42PM - 1:54PM |
G20.00010: A New Ceramic/Graphite Composite Micro-Heater for Rapid Resistive Heating in the Diamond Anvil Cell and Dynamic Diamond Anvil Cell Daniel Sneed The development of the dynamic diamond anvil cell (dDAC) has created the ability to probe potential kinetic effects on the high-pressure behavior of different materials. The addition of resistive heating to the dDAC adds an additional degree of freedom for probing a materials thermodynamic properties under controlled dynamic conditions. By precisely tuning compression rates from millisecond timescales up to second timescales and temperatures up to 1000 °C, we can begin to systematically probe phase transition mechanisms and help to bridge the gap between static and shock compression experiments. Resistive heating in a diamond anvil cell (DAC) is a technique which has been utilized since as early as the 1960’s; and in that time, there have been numerous methods which have been employed. While all of these different techniques are elegant in their own way, they each have drawbacks which make them unsuitable for rapid compression experiments in the dDAC. With this in mind, we have developed a new ceramic-graphite composite micro-heater for use in the DAC and dDAC which can be used for both traditional high temperature static compression experiments and dynamic compression experiments. These new heaters have the capability to rapidly heat the sample at rates up to 25 K/s, and have been tested up to a maximum temperature of 1100 K. In this talk, I will discuss the development and capabilities of these heaters and present multiple benchmarking case studies, as well as discuss work done on mapping the high temperature high pressure phase boundaries of Sn. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 1:54PM - 2:06PM |
G20.00011: Time resolved X-ray diffraction studies on the non-equilibrium structural dynamics of silicate glasses at ultrahigh pressures FNU Meera, Rahul Jangid, Scott D. Smith, Jugal Mehta, Yu Hsing Cheng, Pooja Rao, Surya Teja Botu, Spencer Jeppson, Karan Doss, Danqi Yin, Brittney M Hauke, Ian K Ocampo, Donghoon Kim, Katy S Gerace, Silvia Pandolfi, Jared T Isobe, Eric Cunningham, Philip Heimann, Hae Ja Lee, Dylan K Spaulding, Thomas S Duffy, John C Mauro, Arianna E Gleason, Roopali Kukreja Laser shock experiments give a unique insight into the behavior of the matter subjected to extremely high temperatures and pressures and are key to modeling material failure and deformation dynamics under ballistic impact. To understand the role of composition in the dynamic response of silicates, we performed laser-driven shock compression experiments on soda-lime glass (SLG) and borosilicate glass (BSG). VISAR and in-situ XRD were used to determine the pressure and structural phases, respectively. Following laser shock compression above 40 GPa, transformation of SLG from its ambient 4-fold coordinated amorphous structure to a 6-fold coordinated high density amorphous structure was observed that persisted up to 100GPa. Above 100 GPa, a very broad diffuse peak was observed potentially due to melting. In contrast, BSG transformed from its ambient 4-fold coordinated amorphous structure to a crystalline structure in 40 to 60 GPa range. Above 65 GPa, BSG was seen to undergo a transformation to a 6-fold coordinated high density amorphous structure like that observed in SLG. Although similar in silica content, SLG with network modifying cations (Na+, Ca2+) remained amorphous while BSG with the network forming cations (B3+, Al3+) crystallized at 40 GPa, highlighting the distinct behavior between network modifiers and network formers in silicate glasses. Our in-situ XRD studies were able to directly resolve the structural transformation in silicate glasses and clarify the role of composition. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 2:06PM - 2:18PM |
G20.00012: Richtmyer-Meshkov Instability Modulation and Phase Transition in Gas Gun Experiments Jeffrey H Nguyen, Dane M Sterbentz, William Schill, Michael R Armstrong, Brandon M LaLone, Matthew Staska, Jonathan L Belof, Andrew Hoff, Hector Lorenzana The Richtmyer-Meshkov instability (RMI) occurs in elastic-plastic materials when a shock wave of sufficient pressure passes through a free surface often results in the creation of a narrow jet. We modulate RMI in gas gun experiments by modifying geometry and property of the free and impact surfaces of the copper, iron, and PMMA targets. The sample free surface has various shapes including sinusoidal and square waves, as well as V-shaped grooves, to generate the RMI jet. To modulate RMI jetting and investigate effects caused by phase transition, we explore various buffer designs such as channels, blocks, and graded density layers, on both the target and the impactor. The results of these experiments are consistent with hydrodynamic simulations. We will present velocity, optical and X-ray shadow graphic data from these experiments and provide direct comparisons with simulation results. |
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