Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2023
Volume 68, Number 3
Las Vegas, Nevada (March 5-10)
Virtual (March 20-22); Time Zone: Pacific Time
Session G06: Biomaterials and Nanotechnology |
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Sponsoring Units: DBIO Chair: Daniel Rizzo, Columbia University Room: Room 129 |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 11:30AM - 11:42AM |
G06.00001: AC-mode Graphene Field-Effect Transistors for Sensing Stress Biomarkers in Physiologically Relevant Fluids Biddut Sarker, Ahmad Islam, Reeshav Shrestha, Lawrence Drummy Graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) based biosensors are suitable for integrating into wearable sensor technology that could demonstrate the sensitivity and selectivity for real-time detection and monitoring of biomarkers. Previously reported GFET biosensors are operated in dc-mode and have shown high sensitivity for sensing biomarkers in solutions with a low salt concentration. However, the sensitivity of the DC-mode GFET biosensors decreases significantly for sensing operation in a physiological fluid, like sweat and interstitial fluid. In these physiological fluids, the salt concentration is high (>100 mM), and the Debye screening length is short (~ 1 nm), which limits the sensitivity of biosensors. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 11:42AM - 11:54AM |
G06.00002: ANTIBODY/APTAMER-BASED AFFINITY PURIFICATION WITH RAMAN LABEL FOR SENSITIVE DETECTION OF CA 125 Robinson Karunanithy, Torrey Holland, Sivakumar Poopalasingam Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is considered to have higher mortality, with no or few symptoms at an early stage and a poor prognosis. The treatments and survival solely depend on the stage of cancer at diagnosis. Developing a non-invasive technique that can detect biomarkers (antigens) with sufficient sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility is a promising approach to overcome the challenges in the early diagnosis of EOC. The bioconjugation technique is a promising approach for detecting serum biomarkers, such as cancer antigen 125 (CA 125) and human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) at low concentrations. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 11:54AM - 12:06PM |
G06.00003: Investigating the assembly of multiple nanoparticles encapsulated in a viral capsid Kristen A White, Vikram Jadhao, Bogdan Dragnea, Ayesha Amjad Viral capsids are nanoscale structures that spontaneously self-assemble from many copies of proteins, often around a cargo. The cargo can be genetic material, enzymes, and smaller nanoparticles (NPs), that ultimately determine the properties of the associated co-assembled products. Unlike the co-assembly of a capsid around a single NP, the co-assembly of multiple small NPs encapsulating within a single capsid is under-explored. The encapsulation and arrangement of multiple NPs within capsids is of both fundamental interest and practical importance with applications in sensing and imaging. Utilizing a biological template derived from the Brome Mosaic Virus (BMV) capsid and gold NPs, we explore the stability of many-NP-encapsulated capsid complexes via experiments and simulations. A coarse-grained model is developed to capture the steric and electrostatic interactions between NPs, and between NPs and the capsid. Molecular dynamics simulations of this model are performed for NPs of different sizes and charges in a broad range of solution conditions that mimic experimental conditions. The distribution of NPs within the capsid is extracted using simulations and compared to high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and cryo-EM reconstruction images obtained experimentally. The factors influencing the stability of the many-NP-encapsulated capsids are discussed. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 12:06PM - 12:18PM |
G06.00004: Delivery of Microcargoes by Artificial Microtubules Arnold J Mathijssen, Hongri Gu, Bradley Nelson Directed transport of microcargoes is essential for living organisms as well as for applications in microrobotics, nanotechnology and biomedicine. Existing delivery technologies often suffer from low speeds, limited navigation control and dispersal by cardiovascular flows. In cell biology, these issues are largely overcome by cytoskeletal motors that carry vesicles along microtubule highways. Thus inspired, here we developed an artificial microtubule (AMT), a structured microfibre with embedded micromagnets that serve as stepping stones to guide particles rapidly through flow networks. Compared with established techniques, the microcargo travels an order of magnitude faster using the same driving frequency, and dispersal is mitigated by a strong dynamic anchoring effect. Even against strong fluid flows, the large local magnetic-field gradients enable both anchoring and guided propulsion. Finally, we show that AMTs can facilitate the self-assembly of microparticles into active-matter clusters, which then enhance their walking speed by bridging over stepping stones collectively. Hence, we demonstrate a unique strategy for robust delivery inside microvascular networks and for minimally invasive interventions, with non-equilibrium effects that could be equally relevant for enhancing biological transport processes. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 12:18PM - 12:30PM |
G06.00005: Experimental studies of graphene transport in lung-surfactant monolayers Joseph Samaniuk Samaniuk This presentation will include recent experimental results characterizing the transport of graphene particles of controlled size and shape in monolayers of the lung surfactant dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC). This work seeks to improve our understanding of the way 2D particles, or particles of atomic-scale thickness, interact with certain biological membranes composed of lipid molecules. As use and availability of 2D particles increases in various industries, their interaction with biological membranes will likely increase, and the consequences of those interactions will depend on the way they interact at a microstructural level. Although there are many molecular dynamics (MD) studies focused on such systems, experimental results are lacking to corroborate MD results due to the challenge of experimentally studying these nano-scale systems. We have developed an experimental platform for fabricating graphene particles of controlled size and shape and introducing them to a DPPC monolayer where the interactions can be observed with epifluorescence microscopy. Results of measurements of mean-squared displacement (MSD) of graphene particles as a function of DPPC area coverage will be shown, and the implications of the MSD measurements on the graphene-DPPC interactions will be discussed. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 12:30PM - 12:42PM Author not Attending |
G06.00006: Using mixed monolayer nanoparticles to probe the role of surface forces in protein corona formation Robert J Costin, Miles Willis, Jennifer Hanigan-Diebel, Matthias Carrol, Sam Lohse The formation of the nanoparticle-protein corona (NP-PC) plays an important role in NP-biological interactions, particularly mediating the interactions between nanoparticles and the cellular membrane, making it an active area of interdisciplinary research with applications in biosensing, drug delivery, and cancer therapeutics. Here, we present recent results concerning the role of surface forces in NP-protein corona formation. Gold NPs with a core diameter of approximately 5nm were synthesized with five distinct ligand combinations on the surface, yielding different surface charge signs and densities. The interaction of these functionalized NPs with BSA as a model protein is studied at both low and high salt (long and short Debye length.) UV-Vis absorbance spectroscopy, fluorescence titration, and dynamic light scattering are used to probe the system and binding constants are obtained assuming the protein adsorption follows a Langmuir isotherm. Langmuir-like behavior and approach to saturation are only reliably observed at low salt concentration, where Coulombic forces are expected to dominate. Curiously, however, the binding constants for moderately and highly negatively charged surfaces are close in magnitude, and considerably larger than that of the neutral NP, despite the relatively large number of negatively charged R-groups on the BSA. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 12:42PM - 12:54PM |
G06.00007: "Defect states study and surface patching in ZnO nanoparticles via nano-bio interaction with DNA bases" Ummay Honey The interaction between engineered nanostructures and biomolecules experiences in the improvement of advanced types of biosensors and biomolecular targets. Bio physiochemical reactions take place at the interface between inorganic nanostructures and biomolecules. Highly Raman and PL active nanostructures of ZnO and DNA bases are chosen for the investigation of nano-bio interaction. ZnO nanostructures with varying annealing temperatures are synthesized using the hydrothermal method. The molecular level interaction at the interface has been investigated by using XRD, Raman spectroscopy, Photoluminescence (PL), and SEM. A visible green emission in the PL, mainly associated with the oxygen vacancies on the surface of the ZnO nanostructure area (4.6x107 cm2 to 7.6x105 cm2) is significantly reduced by the incorporation of DNA bases. Notable reduction of peak area and relative peak position of some of the cytosine (from 3061.995 cm-1 to 3109.93 cm-1) and thymine (from 420.71 cm-1 to 432.15 cm-1 at 400oC and 476.99 cm-1 at 500oC) and ZnO nanostructures in Raman spectra is referred to the direct binding energy between these two nano- and bio-components. This study will allow us to make more insightful decisions regarding the interaction kinetics in structurally related nano-bio junctions. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 12:54PM - 1:06PM |
G06.00008: Single-Molecule Atomic Force Microscopy Force Spectroscopy of Modified Phytoglycogen Nanoparticles Benjamin Baylis, Yasmeen El-Rayyes, Ashley N Geddes, Laura Roman, Mario M Martinez, Carley Miki, John R Dutcher Phytoglycogen (PG) is a naturally occurring nanoparticle that is produced in sweet corn. It is composed of highly branched glucose chains that form a compact spherical particle with a dendrimer-like architecture [1]. PG’s composition and structure leads to highly ordered hydration water and its size and mechanical stiffness greatly depend on its hydration state [1]. These properties combined with its non-toxicity, deformability, stability in water, and ability to associate with bioactive molecules make PG an attractive nano-platform technology with applications in personal care, nutrition, and biomedicine. PG nanoparticles can be easily modified without the use of harsh chemicals. We have subjected PG to mechanical extrusion and enzymatic modifications to alter their morphology and deformability. We measured the modified nanoparticles using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) Force Spectroscopy to compare their size, structure and mechanical stiffness to that of native PG nanoparticles [2]. The large number of force-distance curves collected in AFM Force Spectroscopy provides high-resolution maps of the outer structure, inner structure, and mechanical modulus of single nanoparticles [1]. Our work shows the effectiveness of simple modifications in tuning the properties of PG nanoparticles and highlights PG as a novel, sustainable nanotechnology. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 1:06PM - 1:18PM |
G06.00009: Disorder in I-WP TPMS-like photonic networks creates angle-independent colors in Sternotomis virescens longhorn beetles Viola Bauernfeind, Kenza Djeghdi, Ullrich Steiner, Bodo D. Wilts Photonic nanostructures can vary in their degree of local order and their final optical appearance is often further tuned by pigments. Longhorn beetles display vivid colors and rely on varying degrees of (dis)order combined with pigments to create complex color patterns via colored scales that contain photonic crystals and adorn the insects’ bodies. Using light microscopy, FIB-SEM tomography and FDTD simulations, we here investigated the mechanisms underlying the angle-independent color patterns in Sternotomis virescens longhorn beetles. The non-iridescent green stripes and blue feet of Sternotomis virescens beetles are produced by amorphous photonic crystals with subunits resembling I-WP TPMS unit cells with a local bcc symmetry [1]. A model of distorted bcc unit cells captures the networks’ connectivity and highlights their congruence with I-WP TPMS networks. The studied photonic networks are classified in analogy to photonic amorphous diamond structures [2] as photonic amorphous I-WP (PAI-WP). This work illustrates the complex interplay of structural and pigmentary color in longhorn beetles and shows how angle-independence in optical response is achieved by the novel PAI-WP networks. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 1:18PM - 1:30PM |
G06.00010: Polymorphism, Structure, and Nucleation of Cholesterol·H2O at Aqueous Interfaces and in Pathological Media: Revisited from a Computational Perspective Margarita Shepelenko, Anna Hirsch, Neta Varsano, Fabio Beghi, Lia Addadi, Leeor Kronik, Leslie Leiserowitz We revisit the important issues of polymorphism, structure, and nucleation of cholesterol·H2O using first principles calculations based on dispersion-augmented density functional theory. For the monoclinic polymorph, we obtain a fully extended H-bonded network in a structure akin to that of hexagonal ice. We show that the energy of the monoclinic and triclinic polymorphs is similar, strongly suggesting that kinetic and environmental effects play a significant role in determining polymorph nucleation. Furthermore, we find evidence in support of various OH···O bonding motifs that may result in hydroxyl disorder. We have been able to explain why a single cholesterol bilayer in hydrated membranes always crystallizes in the monoclinic polymorph. We rationalize what we believe is a single-crystal to single-crystal transformation of the monoclinic form on increased interlayer growth, interleaved by a water bilayer, and show that the ice-like structure is also relevant to the related cholestanol·2H2O crystal. Finally, we posit a possible role for one of the sterol esters in the crystallization of cholesterol·H2O in pathological environments, based on a composite of a crystalline bilayer of cholesteryl palmitate bound epitaxially as a nucleating agent to the monoclinic cholesterol·H2O form. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 1:30PM - 1:42PM |
G06.00011: Investigation of Lipid-based Drug Delivery Vehicle using Molecular Dynamics Simulations Jun Xie Jun Xie1, M. Jayne Lawrence2 & Christian D. Lorenz1 |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 1:42PM - 1:54PM |
G06.00012: Self-assembly of virus like particles and their biomedical applications Chia-Ching Chang, Pragati Vishwakarma, Hussein Reda Hussein, Chia-Yu Chang, Yini Zhang, Chih-Yu Yang, Yu-Chaun Liang, Fu-Rong Chen, Tapan Kumar Chaudhuri Viral capsids are the protein shell of viruses. They can be formed as virus-like particles (VLPs) via the self-assembly process with or without DNA/RNA. It is interesting to reveal their self-assembly process in different virus capsid systems. In this study, both bacterial phage MS2 protein and shrimp white spot syndrome VP28 are recombinantly expressed in a heterologous system. MS2-VLP self-assembly process is known to be a nucleotide-dependent process. However, we found the VP28-VLP self-assembly process as a concentration-dependent process. We observed the particle size of VP28 increase continuously from ~8 nm to ~30 nm when the concentration increased from 62.5 μg/ml to 1 mg/ml. Based on this information, heparin-conjugated VP28-VLPs can be fabricated to enhance the anti-thrombosis function of heparin accordingly. Furthermore, MS2-VLPs have been utilized to encapsulate hydrophobic cargoes and characterized for their drug loading/unloading efficiency. We are actively working to study the delivery efficacy of our both nano-formulation. Moreover, these VLPs did not induce any immune response in animal studies. Therefore, these VLPs will have a huge impact on the application of drugs/gene delivery. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 1:54PM - 2:06PM |
G06.00013: Theoretical simulations for the effect of lattice vibration on the transport properties of biological nanowires Ruqian Wu, Sahar Sharifzadeh, Rafael Umeda, Luke Nambi Mohanam Bacterial nanowires in biological systems have evolved over time to efficiently conduct electricity which facilitates extracellular and interspecies electron transfer (ET) that sustains biological respiration. These nanowires often have complex structures making it difficult to predict conductivities, even the bandgap can be predicted through density functional calculations. The electron or hole transport is determined by their hopping processes over localized states at the bottom of conduction bands or top of the valence bands. Using a tight biding model Hamiltonian, we examine the diffusing of wave pockets through a one-dimensional lattice with randomized on-site and hopping energies. This mimics the conduction of carries through biological nanowires with mixed coherent-incoherent transport mechanisms. Unexpectedly, we found that increasing the rate of rerandomization of the on-site and/or hopping energies during the electron propagating steps leads to increases in electron diffusion. This indicates that vibrations in biological nanowires are beneficial for enhance their conductivities. Results of molecular dynamics simulations and density functional calculations will also be discussed. |
Tuesday, March 7, 2023 2:06PM - 2:18PM |
G06.00014: Benchmarking Biomaterials for Quantum Information Processing Donovan Davino, Edward Walsh, G. Tayhas R Palmore, Vesna F Mitrovic Recent theories predict the possibility of quantum processing using phosphorus nuclear spins in the human brain, which need to be confirmed experimentally through various phase coherence experiments. The results from Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) measurements of T2 and T2* on various phosphate compounds in different chemical environments will be explored. The aim of this research is to delineate the influence of molarity, molecular correlation time, and dipole-dipole interaction through NMR, and to learn how these parameters can be used to manipulate correlation times between phosphorus spins. Theoretical models of these influences will also be discussed. Lastly, experimental results on the effects of quantum coherence and its implications on quantum information processing in biological systems will be discussed. |
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