Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2023
Volume 68, Number 3
Las Vegas, Nevada (March 5-10)
Virtual (March 20-22); Time Zone: Pacific Time
Session DD01: V: Poster Session I (8:30am-9:30 am, PST)Poster Undergrad Friendly
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DD01.00001: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH . |
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DD01.00002: Point Contact Spectroscopy in Doped Iron Pnictide Superconductors Dan Fauni, Kayla Dickert, Brett Conti, Ding Hu, Rui Zhang, Pengcheng Dai, Roberto C Ramos We report results of ongoing experiments that probe the superconducting energy gap of iron-based superconducting pnictide single crystals that use silver paint for soft point contacts. These measurements use nanometer-size gold wires pressed against crystals and lead to transport mechanisms within the ballistic regime. Using this technique, we have previously reported evidence for multi-gap features in underdoped Ba (1-x) K x Fe 2 As 2 single crystals where we observed temperature-dependent gaps of Δ 1 = 2-4 meV and Δ 2 = 9-11 meV that correspond to directional tunneling through the ab – axes. In current measurements, we have used point contact spectroscopy to study P-doped and similar pnictide samples to look for similar features. These measurements were performed by undergraduates. |
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DD01.00003: Simulation of Photovoltaic Efficiencies of Various Thickness Values of Thin Films Iain C Morton Existing semiconductor research demonstrates the potential significance of Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) in various applications of electronics, especially in photovoltaics. As such, simulation and computation is important to determine the potential photovoltaic efficiency of CdS in thin films, as well as other combinations of various compounds. Specifically, simulation research using Widget Provided Analysis of Microelectronic and Photonic Structure (WxAMPS) has proven the usefulness of using an ITO/CdS/CdTe/ZnTe layered thin film to simulate the potential photovoltaic efficiency of such a layer, which will then be synthesized in thin-film structures using a Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) technique. For simulation purposes, the ZnTe thickness value has stayed constant at 0.2 micrometers, while the predominant focus was on specifically changing the CdS and CdTe thickness values. |
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DD01.00004: Mossbauer Spectroscopy of Thulium Oxide-Hematite Nanoparticle System Elena Stipetich, Monica Sorescu Mixed oxide nanoparticles of the type xTm2O3 *(1-x)α-Fe2O3 were synthesized by mechanochemical activation using high energy ball milling for time periods of 0-12 hours and molarities x=0.1 and 0.5. The samples were characterized by transmission Mossbauer spectroscopy using Co57 gamma ray source and a constant acceleration spectrometer. The spectra were analyzed by least squares fitting in the assumption of Lorentzian line shapes. The 0 hour sample was fitted with a sextet having a magnetic hyperfine field of 51.9 Tesla characteristic to hematite. The milled sample spectra were deconvoluted using 2-4 sextets with decreasing values of the hyperfine magnetic field corresponding to thulium ions substituting iron in the hematite lattice. A quadrupole split doublet was added to the fits to account for thulium iron perovskite formation or the presence of superparamagnetic particles in the system. Our results support the formation of solid solutions in the milled specimens. |
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DD01.00005: Understanding Warm Dense Matter Beyond Density Functional Theory Samuel Alber, Leopoldo Diaz Warm dense matter (WDM) is an exotic state of matter found in stars and inertial confinement experiments. Since WDM encompasses the overlap of plasma and condensed phases, it is challenging to successfully model its various properties. Density functional theory (DFT) models have been able to successfully model the equation of state in dense plasmas but fail to consider multiconfigurational effects that are important for understanding opacity. Here, we build upon the Tartarus algorithm, which employs an average-atom DFT framework, by incorporating these multiconfigurational effects into the opacity calculations. Additionally, we implement a new stress-tensor formalism for calculating the pressure. We compare our model's predictions with a recent NIF experiment that measured the equation of state and opacity of C9H10 at extreme pressures. We found that our modeled Hugoniot is within one standard error of the experimental Hugoniot, suggesting that our average-atom DFT model is able to accurately model the equation of state for dense plasmas for a wide range of pressures. Our modeled opacity is within one standard error of the experimental opacity up to 250 MBar, after which it falls just outside of that threshold. |
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DD01.00006: Developing Low-cost Temperature Sensing Capabilities For Prosthetics Cameron J Brochu Most prosthetic devices either lack human abilities such as sensation and movement or are too expensive for the general consumer. This work aims to bridge the gap by focusing on the development of low-cost alternatives to advance sensation systems in prosthetic designs. The design mimics the human body's own response systems and builds upon the work and design published by John Hopkins University, Osborn et al. who developed a rubber skin that allowed for pain and touch sensation to be felt by a prosthetics user. Our work adds temperature sensing and feedback capabilities along with a touch sensor. |
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DD01.00007: Computational Analysis of Microtubule Polymerization Interacting with an Anti-mitotic Drug Stephany Salazar, James Heid, Mitra Feizabadi One of the cellular biofilaments involved in the process of cellular division is microtubules. The random behavior of microtubules during their polymerization is called dynamic instability. Dynamic parameters can be suppressed by anti-mitotic drugs such as Taxol. Knowing how fast these biofilaments grow while in the growing phase, how fast they disassemble while in the shrinking phase, and how frequent they switch from the growing to the shrinking phase, or inversely from the shrinking phase to the growing phase, the dynamic of them can be expressed through coupled partial differential equations. In this work, the dynamic of microtubules was numerically analyzed by Mathematica software. We first numerically investigate the polymerization behaviors of microtubules when they intrinsically show their dynamic instability. We then studied their dynamics when their dynamical parameters are suppressed by presumably an anti-mitotic drug with a stabilizing effect such as Taxol. Finally, the results of our computational analysis will be compared with those obtained from in vitro experiments on the dynamic of microtubules |
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DD01.00008: Exploring b-jet properties in Pb+Pb collisions with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC Ricardo E Parra Payano, Aleksandar Gecic A few instants after the Big Bang, the universe consisted of a plasma of elementary particles called quarks and gluons (QGP), which became building blocks of matter. In order to recreate and study them, it is needed to collide nuclei of atoms. One of these attempts is the collision of heavy ions Pb+Pb at LHC that creates a bunch of particles that form jets. These jets are excellent probes of QGP because they provide a tomographic image of the QGP created in these collisions. In the present work, we searched to prepare a toy event display showing b-jets in Pb+Pb collisions by using Monte Carlo simulation of √SNN=5.02 TeV in the ATLAS detector. To achieve it, we used the ROOT framework to read the tree in the simulations file. This file contained information about reconstructed particles, reconstructed jets, and truth information about particles and jets within the ATLAS detector configuration. We identified about 60 different particles and antiparticles corresponding to b-hadron, and c-hadron particles, and their respective children. Furthermore, we plotted the b-jets cones and the decay tracks, including b- and c-hadrons. We also classified chains of b- and c-hadron decay vertices in b-jets. Secondary interactions with the detector material were also found but were very rare. This toy display will be a useful tool for developing Pb+Pb b-tagging algorithms in ATLAS, specially in the current Run. |
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DD01.00009: Relating quantitative ultrasound measurements of two cancer cell lines, HeLa and MDA-MB-231, to biological markers Maria-Teresa Herd, Ashleigh Hughes Cancer is the second most common cause of death in the United States; 1.9 million new cases are expected to be diagnosed in 2022. Measurement of ultrasonic tissue properties can be an important diagnostic tool for distinguishing between malignant and benign tumors, and may possibly be used for detection of cancer. Speed of sound and attenuation as a function of frequency between 2 and 18 MHz were measured and compared for Hela and MDA cell lines using a narrowband substitution technique. The results of these measurements are compared to bio-markers in the cells to identify posible mechamisims for differences in their ultrasonic properties. |
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DD01.00010: Advancing Parameter Estimation for LIGO's Fourth Observing Run Nadia Qutob Gravitational waves (GW’s) are ripples in the fabric of spacetime produced by rapid changes in the shape and orientation of extremely massive objects such as the merger of neutron stars or the colliding of black holes. Through direct detection of gravitational waves predictions made by Albert Einstein's General Theory of Relativity come to life. Detection of these curvature ripples as they propagate through the Earth has been realized during the last decade thanks to the LIGO - Virgo - KAGRA (LVK) collaboration. Since the first direct detections made of gravitational waves generated by a merger of compact binary black holes (GW150914) and neutron stars (GW170817), the global network of gravitational wave detectors has expanded and advanced with the third observing run (O3), which began in 2019, yielding four times as many gravitational-wave detections than made in total during the collaborations' first and secondary observing runs. LIGO is now preparing for the start of its fourth observing run (O4) which will follow numerous sensitivity upgrades to the interferometers to gain higher signal to noise ratios (SNR’s). This project aims to refine LIGO's parameter estimation techniques to prepare for the coming generation of gravitational wave detections. |
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DD01.00011: Investigating Fuzzy Dark Matter through Stellar Streams Claire Recamier
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DD01.00012: Tomographic Interpretations and Universality of GPDs with DDVCS Melinda Yuan, Jocelyn Robbins The goal of Double Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DDVCS) experiments is to better understand the internal structure of the nucleon. Previous attempts to resolve the internal structure of nucleons have resulted in electromagnetic form factors and parton distribution functions for elastic scattering and deep inelastic scattering processes, respectively. Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs) are the latest attempt to unify these models of nucleon structure. The GPDs of DDVCS give us ability to investigate off of the diagonal where x ? = ±ξ. The main goal of our analysis is to determine the best experimental setup in order to deduce the kinematic variables on which GPDs depend from the lab observables. The effectiveness of our data collection in the laboratory is by determined the physical kinematics, Q2, Q′2,t, xi,φLM , φCM V , and θCM V . We can then run the DDVCS experiments and collect data, which is implicitly used to calculate the GPD of the nucleon. |
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DD01.00013: POLYMER PHYSICS | SOFT CONDENSED MATTER | BIOLOGICAL PHYSICS . |
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DD01.00014: Interplay between morphology, mechanical properties, and magnetic characteristics of permalloy coated aerogels Kazi Zahirul Islam, Debendra Timsina, Nicholas Leventis, Firouzeh Sabri, Shawn Pollard We investigate the growth of permalloy (Ni80Fe20, Py) magnetic thin films on polyurea crosslinked silica aerogels as well as Superelastic Shape Memory Polyurethane Aerogels (SSMPA). The impact of the substrate properties (Young’s modulus, surface roughness) on the magnetic coercivity and saturation fields of varying thicknesses of Py were investigated. Following deposition, the adhesion of the bilayer is evaluated, while microstructural properties and coverage area are determined by FE-SEM. We find that for Py thicknesses of 100 nm, a thin, uniform coating is formed for both aerogel samples. However, at 10 nm, the film exhibits similar morphology to the underlying aerogels. Further, the magnetic properties are evaluated by the Kerr effect. Scaling of the coercive field is observed with film thickness, as is traditionally observed in magnetic thin films. However, significant coercivity differences are observed between the two aerogels. We attribute this to the morphological and mechanical differences of the two aerogels. |
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DD01.00015: Machine learning approach to inverse design of topography transformations in liquid crystal elastomer coatings Youssef Mosaddeghian Golestani, Michael P Varga, Badel L Mbanga, Robin L Selinger, Shawn Pollard While natural selection provides living species with complex design of soft systems, engineering design of actuating soft materials to achieve target shape-morphing is a theoretical/computational challenge [1-2] . Our research aim is to address this challenging inverse problem to predict the behavior of liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) coatings using machine learning (ML). We present a tabular supervised machine learning approach to design LCE thin coatings that transform on stimulus to produce a desired topography. We generate a training dataset by running a nonlinear finite element elastodynamics "forward" simulation for 1500 LCE samples with different microstructures. We use 80% of the dataset to train a stacked ensemble regression model using the AutoGluon [3] framework to apply multiple modeling methodologies, including tree-based and deep learning algorithms, to maximize the performance. We evaluate the resulting model for the remaining 20% of the dataset. Finally, we demonstrate the capability of our approach to predict the parameters needed to create switchable surfaces of LCE coatings that transform from a flat profile to produce an array of suction cups that resemble octopus suckers. [1] F. D. Moura Neto and A. J. Da Silva Neto, "An introduction to inverse problems with applications" Springer 2013 [2] H. Aharoni et al, PNAS 2018 [3] auto.gluon.ai |
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DD01.00016: Single-Particle Forcing in Colloidal Suspensions with Hard-Sphere Interparticle Potential Joe M Popp, Piotr Habdas, Rui Zhang Using fluorescence microscopy, we study the dynamics of a Brownian magnetic probe driven by a constant external force through a colloidal suspension. The probe collides with colloidal particles disturbing the equilibrium microstructure of the suspension. The magnitude and shape of this distortion is determined by both the ratio of the imposed motion to thermal motion and the volume fraction of the colloidal suspension. We calculate viscoelastic properties such as the microscopic viscosity of the colloidal suspension near the probe from its average velocity and the effective diffusivity of the probe from the time rate of change of its mean-square displacement. We find that at relatively high volume fractions and external forces, the microstructure surrounding the probe "melts", decreasing the viscosity in this region. The force-induced diffusivity of the probe is found to depend on the spatial configuration of the colloidal particles and the strength of the probe forcing. We compare these results with computer simulations measuring viscoelastic properties of similar systems. |
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DD01.00017: Force signatures of creep in a photoelastic granular medium Elena Lee, Cacey S Bester, Douglas J Jerolmack, Nakul Deshpande Creep is the subsurface, slow movement of constituents in a granular packing due to applied stress and the disordered nature of its grain-scale interactions. We explore creep through experiments of quasi two-dimensional piles of disks that are made from a birefringent material, which allows us to use image acquisition to observe both grain movements and grain-scale force networks. Controlled disturbances to the pile via single-grain impacts at set time intervals are used to instigate creep events. We investigated changes to force networks and particle rearrangements to illuminate the onset of these events. We find that small shifts in force chains and particle positions provide a precursor to larger, avalanche-scale disruptions that can predict where an avalanche will occur. In addition, changes in force chain structure manifested at greater depth than any noticeable particle shifts, suggesting that there is a distinct “flowing” layer that transitions to creep behavior deeper in the pile. |
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DD01.00018: Cataloguing Actin and Nestin fibers in C17.2 stem cells Massooma Pirbhai An understanding of the cytoskeleton in stem cells is essential for their manipulation. The ability of cells to resist deformation, to transport intercellular cargo and to change shape during movement depends on the cytoskeletal filaments. Additionally, cell culture conditions are important in the proper maintenance of stemness, lineage commitment, and differentiation. This research focuses on the modeling of the cytoskeletal networks such as nestin and actin in C17.2 neural stem cells to create a catalogue of them during differentiation. Initial results will be discussed. |
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DD01.00019: Computational modelling to predict mechanosensing of fibroblast cells adhered on a substrate with varied stiffness and thickness Jinju Chen, Wenjian Yang, Ma Luo, Yanfei Gao, Xiqiao Feng Mechanosensing of cells to the surrounding material is crucial for their physiological and pathological processes. However, materials design to guide cellular responses is largely ad hoc due to the lack of comprehensive modelling techniques for quantitative understanding. In this paper, we propose a computational model to study the mechanosensing of fibroblast cells seeded on elastic hydrogel substrates with different stiffness and thickness. We consider the sensing mechanisms of cells to mechanical cues, including the rigidity and deformation of the substrate, and the traction forces of neighboring cells, which regulate the active changes of stress fibers and focal adhesions. This model allows us to predict the coupled effects of substrate stiffness and thickness on stress fiber formation and disassociation, and affinity integrin density. We also examine the combined effect of cell size and substrate thickness on the mechanosensing of fibroblast cells. The results reveal that a cell can sense its neighboring cell by deforming the underlying substrate. Our simulations also provide physical insights in the enhanced mechanosensing capacity of collective cells. The present modelling framework is not only important for profound understanding of cell mechanosensing, but also has the potential to guide the rationale design of biomaterials for tissue engineering and wound healing. |
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DD01.00020: Towards Modular Components for Phylogenetic Estimation Rohit Goswami, Ruhila S. Workflows have been a staple of the biological sciences for a while now, but in the context of generating more physically relevant insights it is necessary to have reusable modular components. Taking inspiration from various sources like the Electronic Structure Library initiative for ab-initio calculations or the Atomic Simulation Environment, we describe a class hierarchy for efficiently working with phylogenetic analyses and queries. In particular, we shall discuss the reference implementations of a python library which provides object oriented structures for evolutionary studies while also being able to interact with workflow engines which can then scale on high performance computing systems. Software design for these components is non-trivial due to the fact that many of the high compute requirements have separate structures, e.g. for exploring probability modes in Bayesian phylogenetic tree estimation. By demonstrating a common language and framework for expressing these constraints we will also tie into the key component of biological relevance, visualization, and the library oriented design scales to cross-language workflows linking C++ / Fortran / Python and R components and MPI variants of the same. |
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DD01.00021: Robot Learning Ultrasound Scanning using Neural Dynamic Movement Primitives Deepak Raina, Richard M Voyles, Subir K Saha In the post-COVID era, robot manipulators have been utilized in a variety of medical procedures, including diagnosis, surgery, rehabilitation, etc. Among these procedures, Robotic Ultrasound Scanning (RUS) has gained a lot of attention as it is the most commonly used imaging modality and manual procedure requires sonographers to come in direct physical contact with patients. However, robotic automation of ultrasound is quite challenging, as the human body exhibits considerable variability in physiological and anatomical conditions. Sonographers use their diagnostic skill from prior medical education and training to conduct inter-patient procedures. Thus, transferring this skill from expert sonographer to robot is essential for realizing the RUS as per clinical protocols. |
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DD01.00022: CHEMICAL PHYSICS | ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS . |
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DD01.00023: Multiple-function software for time-resolved ultrafast electron diffraction pattern analysis Jiayang J Jiang, R J Dwayne Miller This software is used for analyzing dynamics based on ultrafast electron diffraction images. In this software, the auto-indexing is realized first by an electron diffraction image and given properties of experimental setups. After finding the orientations of the single crystal or the lattice parameter of polycrystalline, by finding the intensity changes in a series of background-subtracted and time-resolved electron diffraction images, the molecular dynamics could be found based on the specific algorithms in the software for both single crystal and polycrystalline. |
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DD01.00024: Temperature dependence of Ti6Al4Al Etching with Chlorine Gases as function of surface powder oxidation Renat Sabirianov, Li Tan, Ahmad Alsaad, Sean Thompsen, Wai-Ning Mei, Alexey V Krasnoslobodtsev We investigated the reactive etching for Ti6Al4V metal powder with an oxidizing gas as a function of the surface powder oxidation. XPS spectra of Ti6Al4V samples show the depth and composition of the complex oxide layer increases with wt% of oxygen. The reaction was performed in a fluidized bed reactor with powders of different oxidation levels. The temperature was slowly raised until a reaction between the titanium powder and reactive gas occurred. We find that there is linear dependence between the level of oxidation and the gate temperature at which the reaction occurs. After initial etching of surface oxide layer the reaction continues after the temperature is lowered significantly. The experimental finding correlates with nearly linear increase in formation energy of oxygen vacancy in TiOx as oxygen content increases. Density functional modeling of the reaction at the surface of partly oxidized titanium as function of oxygen concentration will be presented. |
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DD01.00025: Electronic structure simulations of polymer(s) on graphene through a Physics-informed neural network Jared K Averitt, Tetyana Ignatova, Joseph Starobin Machine learning is a rapidly growing area that has recently gained ground in electronic structure simulations. Conventionally, density functional theory is the most prominent method of electronic structure method but requires one of the highest demands on academic high performance computing systems worldwide. Accelerating these with machine learning reduces the resources needed and allows for simulations of complex systems. Here we use a Physics-informed neural network to determine the electronic structure and calculate the adhesion ability and identify types of surface interaction of polymers angelica lactone (ALP) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). ALP is a green (biodegradable) polymer that is capable of polymer assisted transfer of graphene, which is important for graphene device fabrication. The simulations show that the ALP binds to graphene more strongly in the presence of PMMA, which increases the Van der Waals interactions of graphene with angelica lactone by increasing the electrostatic forces between the polymers. |
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DD01.00026: Transforming space with non-Hermitian dielectrics Ivor Kresic Coordinate transformations are a versatile tool to mould the flow of light, enabling a host of astonishing phenomena such as optical cloaking with metamaterials. Moving away from the usual restriction that links isotropic materials with conformal transformations, we show how non-conformal distortions of optical space are intimately connected to the complex refractive index distribution of an isotropic non-Hermitian medium. Remarkably, this insight can be used to circumvent the material requirement of working with refractive indices below unity, which limits the applications of transformation optics. We apply our approach to design a broadband unidirectional dielectric cloak, which relies on non-conformal coordinate transformations to tailor the non-Hermitian refractive index profile around a cloaked object. Our insights bridge the fields of two-dimensional transformation optics and non-Hermitian photonics. |
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DD01.00027: SEMICONDUCTORS, INSULATORS, AND DIELECTRICS . |
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DD01.00028: Specific energy and power measures of an electric battery configuration based on the graphene oxide electrodes Wilson Alejandro A Hincapie Ortiz, J. J. Prias-Barragan
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DD01.00029: Electrical and magnetic characterization of Iron-Doped Gallium oxide thin films Selena Anderson Fe-doped gallium oxide (Ga2O3) is an intriguing material to investigate due to its magnetic affinity to the material magnetite through the Verwey transition. This transition happens at a low temperature in magnetite, typically within the temperature range of 80 K to 125K. Crystal structure, magnetic properties, and resistivity change as the materials are cooled down below 120 K. The metal-to-insulator transition accompanying the Verwey transition in magnetite is currently used in nanotechnology applications and the production of magnetic nanocomposite materials. Here we study the electrical and magnetic properties at a low temperature of epitaxial Fe-doped Ga2O3 grown on sapphire substrates with pulsed laser deposition. For higher Fe concentration at room temperature, the material has a cubic g-phase. Ms versus T measurements performed with a MicroSense VSM from RT to 1000 K shows that this material behaves similarly to magnetite with a high-temperature transition near 900K. Additional low-temperature measurements performed with a PPMS VSM show the existence of a magnetic transition near 175K, significantly higher than the Verwey transition in magnetite. Results of additional electric characterization using a DynaCool physical property measurement system (PPMS) will be discussed in tandem with the magnetic measurement results. |
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DD01.00030: Role of temperature and plasma on low-pressure chemical vapor deposition of MoS2 and WS2 Himal Pokhrel, Joseph Duncan Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted a wide range of research interest due to their remarkable electronic and optical properties. We investigate the effect of temperature and plasma on the nucleation density and uniformity of bulk to few layered MoS2 and WS2 grown by low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LP-CVD) on thermally oxidized silicon. Sulfur, MoO3 and WO3 solid precursors were used for the growth of the respective films. Characterization of the deposited samples was performed using Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Introduction of plasma results in an increased nucleation density, extended growth range, and greater film uniformity at the cost of smaller single-crystalline regions. By optimizing temperature and plasma characteristics, we provide a framework for large scale growth of uniform MoS2 and WS2 with plasma-enhanced LP-CVD. |
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DD01.00031: Thermal Transport Properties of Two-Dimensional Materials at Mechanical Strains Yingtao Wang, Xian Zhang Two-dimensional (2D) materials have been extensively studied and exploited in various fields such as electronics, sensors, bioengineering, energy storage, and conversion technology due to their excellent electronic, optical, and thermal properties. Specifically, in recent years, they become emergent thermal and thermoelectric materials with the potential widespread in wearable electronics applications. Due to their potential promising applications, it is of significance to discover the thermal transport properties of 2D materials at large mechanical strains, and thus develop novel wearable electronics with high performance. In this work, we have used a refined version of the opto-thermal Raman technique to study the thermal conductivity of 2D materials, at large mechanical strains. In this technique, a laser is focused at the center of a thin film and used to measure the peak position of a Raman-active mode. Another group of experiments is conducted by placing the samples on a heating platform and monitoring the change of Raman-active mode peak position shift. Combining these two sections of experiments provides us with the thermal modeling that can then be used to extract the thermal conductivity from the measured shift rate. These results are of significance to discovering the thermal transport properties of 2D materials at large mechanical strains and thus develop efficient 2D thermal materials which can sustain the large mechanical strains and in turn use strains to tune their thermal properties. |
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DD01.00032: Investigation of electronic, optical and thermoelectric properties of perovskite BaTMO3 (TM= Zr, Hf): First principles calculations Riad S Masharfe The structural, electronic, optical, and thermoelectric characteristics of crystalline oxides-perovskites BaTMO3 (TM=Zr or Hf) were investigated using the all-electron full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method within the framework of density functional theory (DFT). The generalized gradient approximation as parameterized in Perdew, Burke, and Ernzerhof (PBE-GGA) was employed to calculate exchange-correlation potential. Also, the modified Becke Johnson exchange potential approximation as parameterized by Tarn and Blaha (TB-mBJ) was used to improve the bandgap estimation. According to our calculations, both perovskites BaZrO3 and BaHfO3 show insulator behavior and have widely indirect band-gap energy (R-Γ) 4.42 (3.39) eV for BaZrO3 and 5.25 (3.69) eV for BaHfO3 from both approaches, TB-mBJ (PBE-GGA), respectively. The optical properties such as dielectric tensor, the refractive index, the absorption coefficient, and the electron loss function have been calculated and analyzed. The optical transitions mainly take place if an electron radiate from the initial state O-2p to the final state Hf-5d or to the Zr-4d in BaHfO3 or BaZrO3 case, respectively. Furthermore, the transport characteristics calculations based on semi-classical Boltzmann theory have been discussed. The thermopower at RT of both compounds BaHfO3 and BaZrO3 are 260.47 and 208.33 μV/K, respectively. This result is good enough to consider these materials as promise thermoelectric candidates. Our results were compared with the previous ab intio calculations and experiments and showed a reasonable agreement. |
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DD01.00033: Magnetophotonics of the midwavelength and longwavelength infrared radiation: research and development. Irina V Bariakhtar, Evgeniy F Venger, Vasil A Morozhenko Magnetophotonics is a relatively new field of optics that studies photonic structures containing magneto-optical materials. In an external magnetic field such magnetophotonic structures (MPS) change their optical properties. Currently, the devices that are based on magneto-optical grenades are applicable in optical systems, using the visible and near infrared spectral ranges.Using the mid-wavelength (MWIR) and long-wavelength (LWIR) infrared regions spectrum significantly expands the scope of optical instruments because of the following: many substances have characteristic absorption lines in these areas of the spectrum; they account for the maximum thermal radiation of objects with temperature of 10-50C, which is very important for a number of detection systems. In these spectral ranges, there are windows of the atmospheric transmission. |
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DD01.00034: Time-resolved Photoluminescence measurements in low dimensional magnetic semiconductor: CrSBr Sorah Fischer In the field of opto-spintronics, CrSBr is a particularly promising magnetic semiconductor due to its high conductivity, direct bandgap, high Neel temperature, and optically active defects1,2. At temperatures below ~ 140 K, ultrathin CrSBr becomes a type A antiferromagnet with interlayer coupling of individual ferromagnetic monolayers1. This raises the possibility for new types of collective electronic quantum states that can be realized and manipulated3,4. Due to its direct bandgap, CrSBr is optically active, and its magnetic properties can be probed through photoluminescence (PL) and optical absorption measurements2. Here we report ultrafast time resolved PL measurements using streak camera on flakes of CrSBr with varying thickness at 77K. Thickness dependent PL lifetime is observed and attributed to different excitonic species and defect states. |
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DD01.00035: GENERAL THEORY, COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS | QUANTUM INFORMATION, CONCEPTS, AND COMPUTATION . |
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DD01.00036: Optoelectronic, mechanical, and thermoelectric properties of Na/I co-doped SnSe using density functional theory Najwa Al Bouzieh Tin selenide-based materials have attracted a lot of attention recently because of their unique properties. This study investigates the effect of Sodium and Iodine co-doping on the electronic, optical, mechanical, and thermoelectric properties of orthorhombic SnSe crystal based on First-principles density functional theory. As a result of our findings, the doped system is a potential candidate for a wide variety of applications. Na/I co-doped crystal was found to have a P1 triclinic structure, and its electronic bandgap is 0.53 eV, whereas the calculated band gap of the pristine SnSe is 1.08 eV using the Hybrid functional (HSE06). Na/I co-doping alters the Fermi level of SnSe up to its conduction bands, resulting in an n-type system. Furthermore, the static dielectric constant shows that the doped system could be suitable for capacitors and solar cell applications. According to the calculated elastic constants, the doped system is stable. Moreover, it has a negative Poisson's ratio, which indicates that it is an auxetic material that can be used in sensor technology. The thermoelectric performance is examined from 300K to 800K across a broad range of carrier concentrations for the doped and undoped SnSe systems. We have found that Na/I co-doping enhances the electrical conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient of SnSe. The highest power factor calculated for the doped system was 27 micro V/Kcm at carrier concentration of n= -3e20 cm^-3. |
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DD01.00037: Computational Combustion of Aluminum Nanoparticles with Hydrocarbon Coatings by Reactive Molecular Dynamics Simulations Sungwook Hong, Jose Ceja, Chang-Min Yoon, Hyung Sub Sim Aluminum nanoparticles (ANPs) have been considered attractive additives for combustible applications because the ANPs possess a high energy density with an increased burning rate, owing to an increased surface area-to-volume ratio. Unfortunately, use of the ANPs is limited by two factors: (1) ANPs can be readily sintered; and (2) ANPs can be easily oxidized, prior to the combustion process due to their high reactivity, degrading the combustion performance. To address this issue, coating of the ANPs by hydrocarbons has been proposed. The previous studies reported that the hydrocarbon-coated ANPs are less reactive at low temperatures, and they became susceptible to the oxidation at higher temperatures, suggesting that the hydrocarbon coating is essential for the ANPs to be used combustible materials. However, fundamental understanding of sintering and thermal behaviors of the hydrocarbon-coated ANPs has yet to be achieved. Here we perform reactive molecular dynamics (RMD) simulations to investigate effects of hydrocarbon coating on the combustion process of the ANPs including sintering and oxidation processes. Using RMD simulations, detailed reaction steps for the combustion process of uncoated and hydrocarbon coated ANPs would be studied at a molecular level. Our RMD simulations will help guide an experimental design of ANPs-based solid rocket fuels, thus providing a valuable input for the community of aerospace applications. |
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DD01.00038: Designing a Functionalized 2D-TMD (MoX2, X = S, Se) Hosting Half-metallicity for Selective Gas-sensing Applications: Atomic-scale Study Wadha Al Falasi The scope of the present investigation is to |
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DD01.00039: Memory efficient Fock-space recursion scheme for many-fermion correlation functions prabhakar . Green’s function is the standard paradigm to study collective |
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DD01.00040: Improve the Pauli coefficient measurement with Active Learning Jiaqi Ai We provide an improvement in the process of Active Learning as a concept from machine learning that labels a large amount of data with a small amount of learning material. In this approach, the method is implemented to speed up measuring the Pauli coefficient for the two-qubit gate. The aim of the implementation is to prove the speed up of the measuring process by reducing unwanted interactions. |
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DD01.00041: Parasitic free gate Xuexin Xu, Mohammad H Ansari We propose a high-fidelity and fast multi-qubit switch between on adjusted parameters to take qubits back and forth between two on and off points with the following characteristics: the off point is a static microwave-free ZZ-free idle point, and on point is a microwave-driven ZZ-free cross-resonance entangled point. We show fast and high-fidelity switching between the idle and entangled mode in a Weakly Tunable Circuit without the necessity to largely tune coupler frequency. |
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DD01.00042: Theoretical modelling of superconducting granular Aluminum nanowire qubits Zhongyi Jiang, Mohammad H Ansari Conventional Josephson junction-based qubits are promising candidates for practical quantum processors. Although high-quality qubits and high-fidelity gates have been routinely fabricated, qubit coherence time is hindered by several material-based artifacts and losses, such as defects in Josephson junctions due to the fabrication procedure. Recently nanowire qubits have shown a possible candidate for unconventional junctions. They serve as weakly anharmonic inductors without interface defects. T1 and T2 of microsecond order have been observed. We study the problem theoretically and try to theoretically analyze the current-phase relation, anharmonicity, and coherence times in nanowire qubits. This paves the way to study nanowire qubits in circuit-QED setup further. |
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DD01.00043: Development of nano-electronics/photonics aligned with silicon color centers Nikki Ebadollahi, Joshua Pomeroy, Marcelo Davanco, Matthew A Pelton, Kartik Srinivasan, Vijin Kizhake Veetil The position of silicon color centers (CCs) are optically mapped relative to metallized alignment marks, as we seek sub-100 nm alignment of post-fabricated electronic and photonic devices. Precise alignment of the CCs enables classical and potentially quantum coupling to electronic and photonic systems, which could yield significant advancements for quantum communications and single photon technologies in silicon. Sub-50 nm alignment of CCs to electronic and photonic components is estimated to enable strong coupling in these devices. This talk will present progress on mapping single silicon color centers synthesized through implant masks on SOI (silicon-on-insulator) relative to a lithographically defined system of metal coordinate marks and CC implant masks. The vectors of individual color centers will then be used to place additional metal features using electron beam lithography, e.g., CC-in-circle, and re-mapped to evaluate the precision of the alignment scheme. |
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DD01.00044: Quantum Key Distribution at Microwave Frequencies with Cryogenic Components Mingqi Zhang, Paniz Foshat, Shima Poorgholam-khanjari, Muhammad Imran, Martin P Weides, Kaveh Delfanazari We perform analytical calculations and numerical modelling to propose a microwave quantum key distribution (QKD) scheme with cryogenic microwave electronic components for superconducting quantum computing. Our results show that a positive secret key rate is achievable in the superconducting quantum processor's frequency range between f= 4 GHz and f= 10 GHz, when the generator and detector operate at cryogenic temperatures. We examine the channel model and secret key rate for different receiver radii at a dilution refrigerator environment, e.g., temperatures between T= 100 mK and T= 10 mK, and find that the safe distance could achieve more than 150 m by using a larger receiver at lower temperatures. |
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DD01.00045: Long-distance Entanglement of topological-qubits via Rydberg-Fermi Cavity QED Mohammadsadegh Khazali A scalable fault-tolerant quantum-computer hardware with current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices requires the juxtaposition of different types of quantum systems. In this sense, long-distance entanglement of stationary error-corrected logical qubits requires a photonic bus facilitating inter/intra-connection among the cores of quantum processors, the units of quantum memories [1], and the worldwide quantum internet. Laser-excited Rydberg atoms are an ideal example where the long-range interactions provide the possibility of simultaneous operations on multiple qubits [2-6], with bonus opportunities in quantum optics [7-11]. In this presentation, I propose a photonic interface for 4 and 6-qubit encoding of surface-code logical-qubits in an atomic-lattice platform [12]. Accommodating the lattice inside a cavity, the gate emits photonic-qubits that are entangled by the logical-qubits. The entangling mechanism is provided by the Fermi scattering of a Rydberg electron from the plaquette atoms trapped in a qubit-dependent lattice [13]. Therefore, different arrangements of logical-qubits derive the central atom over distinguished eigenstates, featuring photon emission at the early or late times distinguished by quantum interference. Finally, entanglement swapping of two emitted photons would make the far separated plaquettes entangled in the logical basis.
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DD01.00046: FLUIDS | ENERGY RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS | APPLICATIONS (IT, MEDICAL/BIO, PHOTONICS, ETC.) | DATA SCIENCE | HISTORY OF PHYSICS . |
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DD01.00047: Modeling Liquid Droplet Impact on a Micropillar-Arrayed Viscoelastic Surface Jiangtao Cheng Liquid droplet impact on a soft substrate widely exists in nature and our daily life whose outcome plays an important role in a broad range of processes and applications. Even though certain research has been conducted in this field, only few of them were focused on droplet impact over soft rough surfaces and the mechanisms of liquid-soft surface interactions remain elusive. Here, we report our numerical simulation of liquid droplet impact dynamics on a micropillar-arrayed soft surface by the finite volume method (FVM). As such, the volume of fluid (VOF) method is coupled with the Navier–Stokes (N-S) equation solver to build and track the evolution of the interface between two immiscible fluid phases. From an ad hoc point of view, the micropillared substrate is composed of interstitial gaps into the otherwise intact soft material, of which the viscoelastic properties can be quantified by gap density. Based on the five-parameter generalized Maxwell model, the viscoelastic properties of the micropillared substrate can be approximated by its equivalent elastic response in the Laplace–Carson (LC) space, which captures both stress relaxation and creep behaviors in response to external impetus. Instead of resorting to each individual micropillar’s property and response, which is also computationally prohibitive, the bulk strain of the micropillared substrate in the real space is obtained by the inverse Laplace–Carson transform to evaluate its averaged bulk response. Also, the substrate deformation velocity in the bulk normal direction at each time step is acquired, which is treated as the Dirichlet boundary condition to the fluid fields including the impinging liquid droplet and the ambient gas. For a specific gap density, it is found that the splash extent is dramatically enhanced with increasing impact velocity. Overall, the splash magnitude from our numerical simulation and parametric study has an excellent agreement with that predicted by the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability theory. By leveraging the Laplace–Carson transform in the fluid-viscoelastic solid interactions, our numerical simulation methodology captures the main features of droplet impact dynamics on microstructured viscoelastic surfaces by virtue of mechanically averaged responses. |
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DD01.00048: Elastic instability of cylindrical vessels immersed in fluid. Simon T Huynh, Thomas G Fai We develop a numerical model to study the deformation of growing neo-Hookean elastic cylindrical vessels immersed in an incompressible fluid. The vessel is treated as a two-dimensional shell embedded in a three-dimensional space and the fluid-structure interaction is described using the Immersed-Boundary formulation. In our simulation, the shell grows in a confined space, that is, its surface area increases over time while the vessel itself is restricted from lengthening due to the periodic boundary condition. To accommodate for the new surface area, the shell is under axial compression and must alter its original geometry; hence, it buckles. We recover the two well-known modes of buckling: bending and barreling. We also observed other buckling modes such as kinking, twisting, or lumen collapsing. As an outlook for our project, we will add flow to our model and study how buckling affects the fluid flow within the shell. To strike for a more realistic model of a biological vessel, we also consider using a different non-linear elastic model such as the exponential Fung model. |
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DD01.00049: AC electroosmosis micromixing on a lab-on-a-foil electric microfluidic device Mengren Wu The efficient mixing of fluids in lab-on-a-chip devices is very important for many biomedical and biochemical applications. Lab-on-a-foil as a novel concept provides a method for fast prototyping or mass production of microfluidic devices based on thin and flexible film materials. In this work, electroosmosis micromixing is conducted in a lab-on-a-foil microfluidic device. With the electroosmotic flow (EOF), an efficient micromixing is realized inside a microchannel by tooth-shaped planar electrodes. The mixing performance is evaluated based on intensity measurement, and frequency sweeping is used to identify optimal performance. Furthermore, according to local intensity profiles, the EOF pattern is analyzed to provide a deep understanding of the influence of frequency and flow rate. The amplitude of voltage and the number of pairs of electrode teeth are also investigated to find the optimal conditions of the device. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the AC EOF in a lab-on-a-foil electric device and the exploration of the EOF pattern vertically and horizontally in the microchannels. This study provides a method to optimize mixing performance in an EOF-based micromixer. Furthermore, the fabrication method cast the potential for mass production of low-cost flexible electric microfluidic devices. |
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DD01.00050: Quantifying Chaotic Convection using a Dynamical Systems Approach Malav H Thakore, Mark Paul Recent advances using a dynamical systems approach to describe chaotic and turbulent fluid motion have generated exciting new insights. In this poster, we describe our efforts to quantify the geometry of chaos for Rayleigh-Bénard convection. Chaotic fluid convection can be described as a trajectory through infinite-dimensional state space. This state space is anticipated to be richly populated with unstable exact solutions which may include equilibria, periodic, and chaotic dynamics. The general picture that has emerged in the literature is that chaotic and turbulent dynamics can be viewed as a trajectory’s meandering through this intricate state space. In addition, the tangent space provides insights into the dynamics of small perturbations to the nonlinear trajectory as it progresses through the state space. Our goal is to use this dynamical systems approach to numerically explore the chaotic dynamics of Rayleigh-Bénard convection. We use a spectral element approach first to determine the approximate minimal size of a shallow periodic box domain that yields chaotic convection. We next describe our approach and progress toward computing the covariant Lyapunov vectors and exact coherent structures for chaotic convection in this minimal domain. |
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DD01.00051: Strain-induced structural distortion, octahedral tilting, and bandgap non-linearity in 2D Butylammonium Tin Iodide Perovskites: A GGA+SOC Approach Mehreen Javed Global sustainability challenge requires an immediate shift toward renewable energy resources. Two-dimensional perovskites with long-life stability can be tuned by strain engineering to modulate the structural and electronic properties thus achieving higher solar power conversion efficiency. Herein, we have investigated the influence of biaxial strain (±3% and ±6%) on structural distortion, octahedral tilting, and bandgap tuning of monolayer Butylammonium Tin Iodide (BA2SnI4) perovskite through the first-principles density functional theory calculations. The prototype structure has a single sheet of corner shared inorganic SnI4 metal cages sandwiched between Butylammonium (BA) organic spacer cations offering an optically favorable direct bandgap of 1.457eV, centered at Γ-point. Equivalent biaxial strains (εxx and εyy) are applied along with the directions [100] and [010] of x- and y-axes respectively, by fractions starting from ε = −6% to ε = +6% using a step size of 3%. The lattice parameters a and b of BA2SnI4 are constrained to various values different from their equilibrium lattice parameters, keeping the c parameter invariant. Both tensile and compressive strains (±3% and ±6%) applied along the x-axis result in smaller bandgaps than strains oriented along the y-axis. The cationic and anionic dominance at conduction and valence bands support the defect tolerant tendency, with no trap states in the bandgap. The organic components constitute a larger bandgap than the inorganic part with satisfied quantum and dielectric confinement. Spin-orbit coupling is explored as a more influential phenomenon than the strain effect to tune electronic properties. The strain-induced competing effects of octahedral tilting and structural distortion with bandgap bowing and spin-orbit coupling provide a systematic strategy to tune bandgaps of different optoelectronic device applications. |
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DD01.00052: Engineering optical properties of superconductive plasmonic subwavelength nanostructure metamaterial array for quantum device applications Mingqi Zhang, Samane Kalhor, Kaveh Delfanazari The optical information processing at the nanometer scale may be realised by tailoring and manipulating local optical electric fields in a subwavelength domain. Here, we perform numerical modelling and experimental studies to exploit the optical properties of nanostructures metamaterial arrays, such as nanomeanders and nanograting resonators, patterned and fabricated at the surface of superconductive plasmonic materials for their applications in technologies such as sensors, filters, amplitude and phase modulators and optical links. |
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DD01.00053: Determining the Masses of Black Holes and Neutron Stars seen in Merger Events Detected by the LIGO and Virgo Gravitational Wave Observatories Andrew Valentini In this investigation, we analyze several dozen black-hole and neutron-star merger events seen in data provided by the Gravitational Wave Open Science Center. With analysis tools acquired in the LIGO-Virgo Open Data Workshops, we determine the masses of each of the two binary components, the chirp mass characterizing both the binary infall and emission of gravitational waves, and the luminosity distances. We also catalog the spectrograms (“chirps”) of mergers occurring since the original 2015 event detected by the LIGO and Virgo interferometers. We find our results in mass histograms and scatter plots, confirming the apparent “mass gap” in these compact objects. We hope to better understand the nature of this mass gap and why it arises in subsequent research |
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DD01.00054: YOLOv5 Guided 3D Point Cloud Segmentation Edward T Sun, Benjamin X Wen This study designed an end-to-end implementation of a You Only Look Once (YOLOv5) guided point cloud segmentation that can efficiently localize objects from a 3D point cloud data collected from an Intel D-415 RGBD camera. The low-level camera interface of this project was built on the open-source Robotic Operating System (ROS). We used the Yale-CMU-Berkeley objects dataset to train a YOLOv5 model. Under the assumption that the object was stationary and the base location of the robot arm was fixed, we defined the camera's coordinates relative to the world and the captured object's coordinates relative to the camera. As one of the fastest 2D object detection models, YOLOv5 was implemented in Python and used to label and localize each object with a bounding box in 2D. With the given depth data and the location of the robot arm, the localized 2D object was transformed into 3D real-world coordinates via a perspective projection from 2D to 3D. To finalize the image-to-world frame transformation of the segmented point cloud data, we applied reference frame transformation from the local camera coordinate system to the global coordinate system. Post-processing and normal vector removal were performed to clean the noisy point cloud data. Finally, a density-based spatial clustering algorithm (DBSCAN) was applied to cluster the point cloud data. As a result, the cluster with the greatest number of points can be safely assumed to be the object and was then bounded by a cubic volume to represent the segmented object's orientation. Taking advantage of the reduced complexity of this segmentation pipeline, this system will be better suited for wheelchair-mounted robot grasping systems that support individuals with reduced mobility. |
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DD01.00055: Under-represented and Under-cited: Titus Pankey and the type 1a supernova mechanism Matthew E Caplan The historical record often overlooks the contributions of people from underrepresented groups. In one such example, an African American doctoral student correctly explained the type 1a supernova mechanism in 1962, seven years before the commonly cited seminal paper by Colgate and McKee was published. This physicist, Dr. Titus Pankey Jr, went on to have a productive career in experimental semiconductor and material science research at the Naval Research Laboratory and at Howard University. However, despite these successes and the priority of his work his dissertation remains poorly cited and only in recent years has that begun to change. In this talk I will disccus the scientific and historical context of Dr. Pankey's dissertation, describe some recent efforts to raise awareness of his career, and make recommendations to the community on how to recognize his contributions. |
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DD01.00056: Monday Poster Miscellaneous I . |
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DD01.00057: The Search for a Physical Aspect in the Return Trip Effect Oleh Kozyrko When we go from a place to a destination, and return to the place, the return trip always seems shorter than the outward trip, though the distance traveled and the actual duration of the trips are identical. This phenomenon is called the return trip effect. |
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DD01.00058: Collective drive by motor proteins : Mean field and fluctuations Chitrak Karan We consider the dynamics of a bio-filament under the collective drive of motor proteins. They are attached irreversibly to a substrate and undergo stochastic attachment-detachment with the filament to produce a directed force on it. We establish the dependence of the mean directed force and force correlations on the parameters describing the individual motor proteins, using analytical theory and direct numerical simulations. The effective Langevin description for the filament motion gives mean-squared displacement, asymptotic diffusion constant, and mobility leading to an effective temperature. Finally, we show how competition between motor protein extensions generates a self-load, describable in terms of the effective temperature, affecting the filament motion. Further we show that effective description derived here can lead to re-entrant transition of active polymer (open-to-spiral-to-open) in two dimension. |
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DD01.00059: Structural transformations in Type II Multiferroic and Probable Topological NontrivialInsulator MnSb2Se4 under High Pressure Anjana Joseph, Rahul Kumar, Boby Joseph, Irshad K. A, Janaky Sunil, Sundaresan A, Chandrabhas Narayana The AB2X4 (where A = Fe, Mn; B = Sb, Bi; and X = S, Se, Te) family of materials has attracted the scientific community after the recent observation of the Quantum Anomalous Hall Effect in MnBi2Te4. Among the isostructural compounds, MnSb2Se4 is a type II multiferroic with strong magneto-electric coupling. It undergoes a long-range antiferromagnetic ordering at 22.5 K. Recent studies on MnSb2Se4 based on first-principle calculations predicted that it could be converted into Weyl semimetal at a pressure of ~ 0.85 GPa and to a 3D anti-ferromagnetic topological insulator at ~ 2.45 GPa. It is expected that S- and Se-based AB2X4 materials with tetradymite-like structures could exhibit pressure-induced topological quantum phase transitions. We report high-pressure Raman Spectroscopy and synchrotron X-ray diffraction studies on polycrystalline MnSb2Se4 till 12 GPa exploring the topological, electronic and structural phase transitions. Here the material crystallizes in the C2/m monoclinic phase. Under pressure, it shows some intriguing behavior, with some Raman modes softening and some others hardening which indicates strong anisotropy in the system. Pressure evolution of Raman modes and their full width at half maximum show slope changes at ~1.0 GPa and ~2.5 GPa. The XRD results show changes at ~1.9 GPa and at ~5 GPa with the coexistence of phases over some ranges and the transitions are reversible. |
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DD01.00060: Emission properties of a quantum-doc cavity system using a deformed Morse algebra Saravana Prakash Thirumuruganandham, Andres Joel Martinez Martinez, Edgar Arturo Gomez Gonzalez, Santiago Echeverri Arteaga In this work, we conduct a theoretical-computational study of a two-level system coupled to an optical cavity, and where it is considered a parity deformation in the algebraic structure associated with the Hilbert space of the cavity. In order to describe the open quantum dy- namics of the coupled system a master equation is obtained within the Lindblad approach. We calculate the relevant quantities such as the dispersion relationships, second-order corre- lation function and the emission spectrum of the quantum system. We found that the parity deformation gives rise to new spectral triplets that can be observed in the emission spectrum as a consequence of a collective phenomenon in the system. |
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