Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2023
Volume 68, Number 3
Las Vegas, Nevada (March 5-10)
Virtual (March 20-22); Time Zone: Pacific Time
Session CCC01: V: Soft Matter Physics |
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Sponsoring Units: DSOFT Chair: Prashant Sharma, Suffolk Univ Room: Virtual Room 1 |
Wednesday, March 22, 2023 3:00PM - 3:12PM |
CCC01.00001: Generalized dynamc junction theory to resolve the mechanism of direct current generation in liquid -solid interfaces Aniqa Lim Despite the unsettled mechanism of electricity generation from the continuous flow of liquids on a surface , the charge-discharge theory has been widely accepted for alternating current (AC) generation from a moving droplet. It has been recently extended to rationalize direct current (DC) generation across a droplet moving between two different materials. By designing a reconfigurable contact between a metal wire and a water droplet moving on graphene , we show that the charge-discharge theory cannot explain the reversal of current when water-metal interfaces switch from dynamic to static. All experiments can be described after we distinguish a dynamic from a static interface and generalize the photovoltaic-like effect to all dynamic junctions: excited electrons and holes in a moving interface will be separated and swept under the built-in electrical field, leading to a DC response .This generalized theory will lead to an understanding and the design of efficient electricity generation based on interfacial charge transfer. |
Wednesday, March 22, 2023 3:12PM - 3:24PM |
CCC01.00002: Temperature Dependence of the Acoustic Properties of a Natural Slug Mucus by Brillouin Light Scattering Spectroscopy Dillon Hanlon Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy was used to probe the acoustic properties of a natural gastropod mucus, which consists primarily of water and glycoproteins, over the range -11 oC ≤ T ≤ 52 oC. Two peaks were observed in the spectra: one at a frequency shift of ~ 8.0 GHz present throughout the full temperature range and assigned to the longitudinal acoustic mode of the liquid component of mucus, and another at a shift of ~ 18.5 GHz observed for temperatures ≤ -2.5 oC assigned to the longitudinal acoustic mode of polycrystalline ice Ih. Discontinuous changes in the temperature dependence of the frequency shift, linewidth, and intensity of these peaks and, consequently, in the hypersound velocity and sound absorption occur at T = -2.5 oC. These changes are accompanied by the appearance in the Brillouin spectrum of a spectral peak due to ice for T ≤-2.5 oC and together suggest that the mucus undergoes a phase transition from a viscous liquid state to one in which liquid mucus and solid ice phases coexist. The freezing point hysteresis relative to that of water and failure of the liquid-solid transition to proceed to completion is due to inhibition of ice growth caused by glycoprotein adsorption and incorporation. Furthermore, analysis on Brillouin linewidth (FWHM) and consequently the viscosity provide information on the activation energy of the gastropod mucus. The lack of measurable differences in sound absorption for samples containing various amounts of liquid mucus and ice suggests that increased viscosity and the fact that these glycoproteins crosslink to form a polymer network, rather than an increase in the quantity and/or size of ice crystallites in the liquid phase, is the dominant mechanism for increased damping of hypersound with decreasing temperature. |
Wednesday, March 22, 2023 3:24PM - 3:36PM |
CCC01.00003: Gauging nanoswimmer dynamics by tracking the motion of large bodies Ashwani K Tripathi, Tsvi Tlusty Nanoscale swimmers such as enzymes and chemically powered nanomotors generated much interest as a fundamental physical phenomenon and for their potential in biomedical and technological applications. However, measuring nanoswimmers proved extremely challenging due to their minute size and the dominant effect of thermal fluctuations. To address this problem, we present a simple recipe to probe the elusive physical features of nanoswimmers by measuring their effect on easily traceable micron-size particles. Modeling the nanoswimmers as an ensemble of hydrodynamic force dipoles, we link the tracers' power spectrum and diffusion coefficient to the nano-swimmers basic properties, particularly their dipole moment and dynamical timescales. |
Wednesday, March 22, 2023 3:36PM - 3:48PM |
CCC01.00004: Universal thermodynamic bounds on spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking Shiling Liang, Daniel Maria Busiello, Paolo De Los Rios Living systems are constituted by biomolecules of one single-handedness. However, due to mirror symmetry, the mirror copy of current living systems should have the same physical and chemical properties. The spontaneous origin of this observed chirality in living systems remains a fundamental mystery in the origin of life. In the past years, many non-linear chemical reaction schemes have been proposed to show the emergence of spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking (SCSB). Nevertheless, most of these models lack thermodynamic consistency due to the presence of unidirectional reaction paths, while the remaining ones have not been investigated in terms of universal thermodynamic properties but mainly focus on model-specific properties. Here, we build several thermodynamically consistent nonequilibrium reaction networks and investigate their thermodynamic properties and bounds under SCSB. Apart from the common setup in which a chemical force drives the system away from equilibrium, we show that a temperature gradient can also act as a non-equilibrium driving force to trigger SCSB in a fully closed reaction system. Such a non-isothermal driving force may be a more plausible scenario in the early stages of chemical evolution. In our framework, the SCSB is explained as a selection of reaction pathways due to catalytic reactions: chiral species modulate the dynamics of the reaction network via catalysis and select the driving reaction path that maximizes the chiral asymmetry. We also find that the degree of chiral asymmetry is bounded by the maximal thermodynamic force applied to the system. This bound is universal for catalytic reaction networks and it relies only on equilibrium quantities evaluated on one single spanning tree. |
Wednesday, March 22, 2023 3:48PM - 4:00PM |
CCC01.00005: Field-theoretic approach to Reaction-Diffusion Models Prashant Sharma A mean-field theory is developed for the Gray-Scott and related reaction-diffusion models. A multiple Hubbard-Stratonovich transformation defines the order parameter and the random-phase- approximation (RPA) fluctuations. The dynamics of the fluctuations of the order parameter are shown to have all the features of the original reaction-diffusion models. We discuss the implications of this approach to the study of pattern formations. |
Wednesday, March 22, 2023 4:00PM - 4:12PM |
CCC01.00006: Anomalies in the sheared nucleation behaviour of glass-forming supercooled liquids Amrita Goswami Crystal nucleation of flowing supercooled liquids is notoriously challenging to study using molecular dynamics (MD) computer simulations and experiments. Our understanding of the microscopic effects of shear on nucleating sytems is fragmented, but over the past decade, the general consensus is that the nucleation rate is non-monotonic with shear. |
Wednesday, March 22, 2023 4:12PM - 4:24PM |
CCC01.00007: Interaction Between Electron and Surface Acoustic Wave Mengmeng Wu We probe the two-dimensional electron systems using continuous surface acoustic wave at mK-temperature. We perform thorough measurements of the acoustic wave propagation velocity as well as the acoustic current. Our result provides an intriguing access to the electron-phonon interaction. |
Wednesday, March 22, 2023 4:24PM - 4:36PM |
CCC01.00008: Complexity-size scaling relation in flow networks away from thermodynamic equilibrium: variational principles Georgi Georgiev, Matthew J Brouillet Complex systems can be represented by flow networks for energy and matter such as Rayleigh-Benard convection, river basins, lightning, circulatory systems of different kinds, etc. Agents along those networks form flows avoiding obstacles and searching for path of least action, with a curvature described by the metric tensor. The action efficiency can be used as a numerical measure for its level of organization. The constraints for motion curve the space and they push the agents away from them, they can be modeled with a repulsive potential, and the nodes such as the source and sink can be modeled with an attractive potential. The flows do work on the constraints to motion reducing them and thus reducing the curvature. This process obeys the Gauss Principle of Least Constraint, the Hertz's Principle of Least Curvature, and ultimately the Principle of Least Action. The more organized the system, the shorter are the paths, the higher is its degree of organization i.e. complexity. The decrease in internal entropy of the system corresponds to increase of the external entropy production by faster transmission of matter and energy across its boundaries. In our Agent Based Modelling simulations of flow networks, the average path length measured, which depends on the size of the system, given by the number of agents. The curvature of the paths of agents between the source and the sink decreases with self-organization time, but, also with increasing number of agents. |
Wednesday, March 22, 2023 4:36PM - 4:48PM |
CCC01.00009: A Statistical Approach for the Rapid Prediction of Electron Relaxation Time Using Elemental Representatives Madhubanti Mukherjee, Swanti Satsangi, Abhishek K Singh
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Wednesday, March 22, 2023 4:48PM - 5:00PM |
CCC01.00010: Equilibrium molecular dynamics of methane hydrate systems at pre-nucleation conditions to predict system transport properties Andre Guerra, Samuel Mathews, Phillip Servio, Alejandro Rey, Milan Maric This work intended to extend the current understanding of water and gas hydrate systems by developing improved molecular simulations to estimate the transport properties of pure water and methane hydrate systems. LAMMPS molecular dynamics package was used to implement TIP4P/2005 and TIP4P-ice water force fields for subcooled water systems. Various equilibrium formulations for transport properties were tested, including the Green-Kubo and Einstein formulations. A new Stokes-Einstein formulation for viscosity was also tested in this work. This work implemented systems consisting of approximately 7,600 atoms that were methodically equilibrated with the primary intent to develop stable and physically representative systems adequate for the estimation of bulk phase transport properties via the methods above. Finally, the data generated in this study were compared to experimental data to validate their accuracy. This includes experimental viscosity measurements of methane hydrates systems collected by our research group in previous experimental work. The present study showed that the TIP4P-ice force field for water resulted in an improved estimation of viscosity for pure water systems when compared to the TIP4P/2005 force field results. However, discrepancies in the estimations for the viscosity of methane hydrate systems indicate the necessity for re-parametrization of the TIP4P-ice force field taking new viscosity experimental data into consideration for gas hydrate applications. |
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