Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2023
Volume 68, Number 3
Las Vegas, Nevada (March 5-10)
Virtual (March 20-22); Time Zone: Pacific Time
Session B71: Quantum Sensing using Nitrogen Vacancy CentersFocus
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Sponsoring Units: DQI Chair: Sisi Zhou, Caltech Room: Room 407/408 |
Monday, March 6, 2023 11:30AM - 11:42AM |
B71.00001: Electronic and optical properties of NV center in diamond for sensing applications: First principles density functional theory and experimental approach Yuhua Duan, Hari P Paudel, Scott E Crawford, Gary Lander The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in a nanodiamond (ND) crystal is one of the best candidate materials for quantum sensing and metrology applications at elevated environmental conditions. The NV center can be used to achieve an unprecedented level of sensitivity for sensing applications at high temperatures and pressures. The NV center is also proven to be useful for magnetic field sensing. Furthermore, it can be used for applications in the sensing of valuable minerals such as rare earth elements (REEs) from the crude and waste subsurface materials. This work presents computational and experimental studies on electronic and optical properties of bulk diamond with N and NV defects. ND in MOF/polymer materials will be experimentally encapsulated. The transverse spin relaxation time of the NV center will be measured in bare and encapsulated ND. Different doping elements will be introduced on the surfaces and present surface electronic properties to study the surfaces with shallow NV center for quantum sensing applications. |
Monday, March 6, 2023 11:42AM - 11:54AM |
B71.00002: Bath-state-dependent quantum phase on a single NV center Benjamin S Soloway, Paul C Jerger, Yuxin Wang, Mykyta Onizhuk, Michael T Solomon, Christopher S Egerstrom, F. Joseph Heremans, Giulia Galli, Aashish A Clerk, David D Awschalom The central spin model is useful for developing qubits as sensors of environmental noise and protecting qubits from decoherence. In both noise spectroscopy and dynamical decoupling protocols, the central qubit is actively controlled. However, the qubit-bath interaction may enable changes in the qubit state to trigger changes in the bath state, ultimately modifying the evolution of the qubit [1]. Here, we experimentally observe the self-interaction of the electron spin of the nitrogen vacancy (NV) center in diamond mediated by a bath of polarized 13C nuclear spins. We use the modified NV center evolution to detect the polarization of the bath during phase-resolved Hahn echo sequences. These techniques may assist in improving nuclear spin hyperpolarization, investigating the nature of environmental noise and preparing high-fidelity memory states. |
Monday, March 6, 2023 11:54AM - 12:06PM |
B71.00003: Environmental control of quantum sensors: the case of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond Adam Gali, Anton Pershin, Péter Udvarhelyi Quantum sensing with nitrogen vacancy (NV) center in diamond is an emerging technology to detect nuclear spins and chemical species with nearly atomistic resolution. This is achieved by translating the magnetic- and electric-field fluctuations from the respective sources directly to an optical signal, detected by a change in the fluorescence intensity of the NV center. In this work, we develop realistic models of the diamond-solvent interfaces to elucidate new sensing applications for the NV center, which are based on the reversible variations in the surface potential. More specifically, we show that aqueous diamagnetic electrolyte solutions such as sodium chloride can be sensed by an increase of the spin relaxation time of near-surface NV-center ensembles. Our first principles calculations combined with interface modeling identify a critical role of the interfacial band bending which leads to a stabilization of fluctuating charges at the interface of an oxygen-terminated diamond. In addition, we demonstrate that aqueous environment enables to recover a contrast in the optically detected magnetic resonance experiment for the shallow NV centers at cryogenic temperatures. Both predicted phenomena were directly confirmed in experiments by observing the optically detected magnetic resonance and spin relaxation times of the ensemble and single NV-centers. |
Monday, March 6, 2023 12:06PM - 12:18PM |
B71.00004: Probing metal thin films with NV-centers in diamond Joachim P Leibold, Dominik Bucher, Kristina Liu, Hans G Hübl, Matthias Althammer Atomic-sized color centers in diamond (NV centers) have demonstrated nanoscale sensing of various properties such as electric and magnetic fields, strain, and temperature. Shallowly implanted NV center ensembles are inherently sensitive to magnetic resonance signals from molecules at the diamond surface. Recently they have been successfully applied to investigate the formation of self-assembled monolayers on an aluminum oxide layer deposited on the diamond surface. A novel research direction is the investigation of thin metal films on top of the diamond surface and surface processes on these. Metal surfaces play a key role in catalysis and electrochemistry, and a better understanding can foster new development with far-reaching implications. Metallic surfaces, however, pose severe challenges to NV-based surface measurements due to interactions between the metal and the NV centers, leading to a drastic decrease in the luminescence (quenching) of the NV centers – the primary source to read out the NV signal. We have investigated these effects on several diamond chips with NV centers of a variety of different depths to find optimal parameters regarding the sensitivity of these quantum sensors with respect to metal surfaces. This study presents an NV ensemble with optimized parameters for magnetic resonance spectroscopy on thin metal films. |
Monday, March 6, 2023 12:18PM - 12:30PM |
B71.00005: All-optical, Microwave-free NV-Diamond Magnetometer for High Magnetic Field Environment Xiechen Zheng, Jeyson Támara-Isaza, Kristine V Ung, Connor A Hart, Matthew J Turner, Ronald L Walsworth Nitrogen vacancy (NV) magnetometry has commonly utilized microwave sources to manipulate the sensor's spin state. However, this technique becomes technically challenging under an environment with a Tesla-scale magnetic field or extreme conditions that prohibit the usage of microwave. By leveraging the effect that an off-axis magnetic field to the NV axis quenches its emitted photoluminescence, we present an all-optical, microwave-free broadband quantum diamond magnetometer. We demonstrate magnetic sensing over an extended bias magnetic field range — beyond the ground-state level anti-crossing (GSLAC) region — with a more integrated design. |
Monday, March 6, 2023 12:30PM - 1:06PM |
B71.00006: Interfacing Biomolecules with Coherent Quantum Sensors Invited Speaker: Peter C Maurer Quantum optics has had a profound impact on precision measurements, and recently enabled probing various physical quantities, such as magnetic fields and temperature, with nanoscale spatial resolution. In my talk, I will discuss the development and application of novel quantum metrological techniques that enable the study of biological systems in a new regime. I will start with a general introduction to quantum sensing and its applications to nanoscale nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. In this context, I will discuss how we can utilize tools from single-molecule biophysics to interface a coherent quantum sensor with individual intact biomolecules, and how this could eventually pave the way towards a new generation of biophysical and diagnostic devices. |
Monday, March 6, 2023 1:06PM - 1:18PM |
B71.00007: Resonant Optical Excitation for NV-Based Magnetometry at Cryogenic Temperatures Richard G Monge, Tom Delord, Carlos A Meriles Color centers in wide bandgap semiconductors, such as the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond, have gained popularity in the last decade due to their ability to perform nanoscale resolved magnetic imaging. Unfortunately, the traditional readout method, achieved via a non-resonant 532nm excitation, is inefficient at low temperatures due to a decrease in spin contrast and reduction of photoluminescence (PL) intensity, therefore increasing measurement times. Here, we introduce a novel approach to NV sensing that benefits from the atom-like, spin-state-resolved optical transitions shown by NVs at low temperatures. Specifically, we leverage the singular mechanisms of intersystem crossing under resonant, narrow-band optical excitation to develop spin-contrast-enhanced forms of scanning magnetometry. Building on proof-of-principle demonstrations, we show this alternative route to NV readout ultimately increases magnetic and electric field sensitivity, hence facilitating the investigation of a broader sample class. |
Monday, March 6, 2023 1:18PM - 1:30PM |
B71.00008: Low temperature photo-physics of single NV centers in diamond Jodok Happacher, Juanita Bocquel, David A Broadway, Hossein Dinani, Jeronimo R Maze, Patrick Maletinsky We present the magnetic field dependent photo-physics of individual Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) color centers in diamond under cryogenic conditions. At distinct magnetic fields, we observe significant reductions in the NV photoluminescence rate, which indicate a marked decrease in the optical readout efficiency of the NV's ground state spin. We assign these dips to excited state level anti-crossings, which occur at magnetic fields that strongly depend on the effective, local strain environment of the NV center. Our results offer new insights into the structure of the NVs' excited states and a new tool for their effective characterization. Using this tool, we observe strong indications for strain-dependent variations of the NV's orbital g-factor and obtain new insights into NV charge state dynamics. Additional investigations show strain-dependent photo-physics for the transition from cryogenic to room temperature. This result is in excellent agreement with an extensive theoretical model which advances our understanding of orbital averaging due to NV-phonon interactions. Next to the fundamental insights our results bring into orbital averaging dynamics in the NV's excited state, they inform on suitable regimes in magnetic field and temperature, where NV centers can be efficiently applied in quantum information processing and quantum sensing. |
Monday, March 6, 2023 1:30PM - 1:42PM |
B71.00009: All optical detection of electric fields using single NV centers in diamond at cryogenic temperatures Juanita Bocquel, Jodok Happacher, David A Broadway, Patrick Maletinsky Recent work [1] has shown that the response of low-temperature photoluminescence of single Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) centers in diamond to magnetic field can be used to determine the local effective strain experienced by the NV. This effective field is a combination of the local strain and the electric field environment. Based on these results, we here show electrometry and vector electric field tuning of a single NV center over a large range in effective fields. The latter allows for inducing significant strain-splittings as well as restoring almost perfectly the C3v symmetry of the NV. We observe charge dynamics in the diamond host, including capacitive and screening effects over a large span of frequencies, with a strong influence of the photoionization of nearby defects on the intrinsic electric field. Our results establish an electromagnetic field sensing scheme at cryogenic temperatures that takes advantage of the high sensitivity of the NV’s orbital excited states to electric fields. With it, our novel approach yields improved electrometry sensitivity compared to previous techniques based on optically detected magnetic resonance [2], combined with the key advantage of an all-optical sensing approach. |
Monday, March 6, 2023 1:42PM - 1:54PM |
B71.00010: AC Sensing of NV Centers under Hydrostatic Pressure Chris McPherson, Rashad Kadado, Zhipan Wang, Nicholas J Curro, William H Casey Nitrogen-vacancy color centers in diamond have attracted broad attention as quantum sensors for both static and dynamic magnetic, electrical, strain and thermal fields, and are particularly attractive for quantum sensing under pressure in diamond anvil cells. Optically-based nuclear magnetic resonance may be possible at pressures greater than a few GPa, and offers an attractive alternative to conventional Faraday-induction based detection. In this talk, we will discuss various pulse sequences including double quantum Ramsey and Echo, and how hydrostatic pressure affects the behavior of the NV Center. |
Monday, March 6, 2023 1:54PM - 2:06PM |
B71.00011: Probing the Evolution of Electron Spin Wavefunction of the Nitrogen Vacancy (NV) Center in diamond via Pressure Tuning Kin On Ho, Man Yin Leung, Prithvi Reddy, Jianyu Xie, King Cho Wong, Yaxin Jiang, Wei Zhang, King Yau Yip, Wai Kuen Leung, Yiu Yung Pang, King Yiu Yu, Swee Kuan Goh, Marcus William Doherty, Sen Yang The wavefunction of a qubit precisely encodes information about itself, including the distribution of its spin density and the contribution of the characteristic orbitals. Understanding the profile of a qubit's wavefunction is key to its quantum applications. Unlike conducting systems, however, there is no direct method for solid-state-defect based qubits in wide-bandgap semiconductors. Here, we use pressure as a tuning method and a nuclear spin as an atomic scale probe to monitor the hyperfine structure of negatively charged nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamonds under pressure. By examining the 13C hyperfine interaction upon pressurizing, we show an increase in the NV electron spin density and rehybridization from sp3 to sp2 bonds. These can be explained by the reduction of the cell size and the self-distortion of the NV center. The ab initio calculations of strain dependence of the NV center's hyperfine levels are done independently to confirm our observations. Meanwhile, the small portable pressure device can provide an isolated effect for systematic studies that require a strong lattice tuner. Furthermore, this method can be adopted to probe the evolution of wavefunction in other defect systems. This potential capability could play an important role in developing magnetometry and quantum information processing using the defect centers. |
Monday, March 6, 2023 2:06PM - 2:18PM |
B71.00012: Electric-Field-Induced Coherent Control of Nitrogen Vacancy Centers Gerald Q Yan, Senlei Li, Tatsuya Yamamoto, Mengqi Huang, Nathan J McLaughlin, Takayuki Nozaki, Hailong Wang, Shinji Yuasa, Chunhui R Du In recent years, nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond have shown much promise as a versatile spin qubit for a range of emergent quantum applications. In the current state of the art, control of NV spin state is typically achieved with microwave (MW) fields generated by a proximate MW stripline. The spatially dispersive nature of the MW fields presents a significant challenge for realizing local and scalable manipulation of NV centers. In addition, current-induced Joule heating inherent to this approach can generate substantial thermal noise, resulting in decoherence of NV centers. To address these issues, here we report coherent control of NV center spins via spatially localized MW fields generated by a proximate magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) device with voltage controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA). At ferromagnetic resonance conditions, coherent spin dynamics of the MTJ generate spatially localized magnetic stray fields, which can be utilized to drive coherent NV rabi oscillations. We further show that the measured NV rabi frequencies can be effectively modulated by adjusting the MTJ resonance conditions via VCMA. Our results demonstrate a new NV control scheme using localized MW fields, highlighting the potential of NV centers for realizing next-generation advanced quantum technologies. |
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