Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2023
Volume 68, Number 3
Las Vegas, Nevada (March 5-10)
Virtual (March 20-22); Time Zone: Pacific Time
Session B66: DAMOP: Hybrid Quantum Systems IFocus
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Sponsoring Units: DAMOP Chair: Sohail Dasgupta, Rice University Room: Room 413 |
Monday, March 6, 2023 11:30AM - 12:06PM |
B66.00001: Josephson meta-metarials: a new platform for quantum optics Invited Speaker: Nicolas Roch Josephson meta-materials have recently emerged as very promising platform for superconducting quantum science and technologies. Their distinguishing potential resides in ability to engineer them at sub-wavelength scales, which allows complete control over wave dispersion and nonlinear interaction. In this talk I will discuss a Josephson waveguide with strong third order nonlinearity, which can be tuned from positive to negative values, and suppressed second order non-linearity. As first implementation of this versatile meta-material, we operate it to demonstrate a novel reversed Kerr phase-matching mechanism in traveling wave parametric amplification. In a second part, I will report on our observation of broadband vacuum two-mode squeezing in these Josephson waveguides. Besides such advances in amplification performance and the generation of broadband squeezing, Josephson meta-materials open up exciting experimental possibilities in the general framework of microwave quantum optics, single-photon detection and quantum limited amplification. |
Monday, March 6, 2023 12:06PM - 12:18PM |
B66.00002: An integrated microwave-to-optics interface for scalable quantum computing, part 1 Pim Duivestein, Matthew J Weaver, Alexandra Bernasconi, Selim Scharmer, Mathilde Lemang, Thierry van Thiel, Frederick Hijazi, Bas Hensen, Simon Gröblacher, Robert Stockill The transduction of a quantum state between microwave and optical frequencies is a promising method for scaling the size of quantum computers, allowing for entanglement links between different quantum processing units. In order to establish these links the transducer has to operate with a high efficiency, over a large bandwidth with a high repetition rate while adding less than one quantum of noise. The device must also be readily scalable to allow for operation over a large number of channels. |
Monday, March 6, 2023 12:18PM - 12:30PM |
B66.00003: An integrated microwave-to-optics interface for scalable quantum computing, part 2 Alexandra Bernasconi, Matthew J Weaver, Pim Duivestein, Selim Scharmer, Mathilde Lemang, Thierry van Thiel, Frederick Hijazi, Bas Hensen, Simon Gröblacher, Robert Stockill Two major challenges in the development of practical quantum computers are scalability and linking via networks. Both of these challenges can be addressed by developing a microwave-to-optics quantum transducer. In order for the quantum transducer to effectively create entanglement links between different qubit processing units, several criteria must be fulfilled: the transducer must operate at high efficiency and add less than a single quantum of input referred noise. Furthermore, the transducer should have a large bandwidth and operate at a high repetition rate. |
Monday, March 6, 2023 12:30PM - 12:42PM |
B66.00004: Microwave-to-optical transduction with quantum dots and surface acoustic wave microcavities Ryan A DeCrescent, Zixuan Wang, Poolad Imany, Robert Boutelle, Kevin L Silverman, Richard Mirin, Sae Woo Nam, Travis Autry, Corey McDonald, John D Teufel Coherent transduction of information between microwave- and optical-frequencies will likely be crucial for future long-range networks between superconducting quantum computers. Researchers have demonstrated electromechanical and optomechanical systems that are capable of this task. These systems typically comprise connected localized mechanical and optical modes, wherein the interaction is governed by moving boundary conditions or photoelastic effects. In this talk, we present a unique transducer based on InAs quantum dots (QDs) and surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators on GaAs. The QDs act as localized atom-like light scatterers. The SAW resonators define discrete mechanical modes that parametrically interact with the QDs and are resonantly driven by microwave circuits. The naturally narrow QD resonance easily allows for operation in the so-called resolved-sideband limit. Further, the QD’s inherently large strain sensitivity offers large single-phonon optomechanical coupling rates (g0). We first demonstrate state-of-the-art SAW cavities on GaAs; microwave characterization shows near-critical electromechanical coupling and mechanical quality factors >10,000. Using resonant and non-resonant optical spectroscopies, we experimentally demonstrate coherent microwave-optical transduction and large single-phonon coupling rates (g0>1 MHz) in SAW microcavities. We argue that these systems are well-positioned for low-noise quantum transduction applications in the near future, and specify several design modifications to reach this goal. |
Monday, March 6, 2023 12:42PM - 12:54PM |
B66.00005: Macroscopic quantum entanglement between an optomechanical cavity and a continuous field Su Direkci, Yanbei Chen Probing quantum entanglement with macroscopic objects allows us to test quantum mechanics in new regimes. One way to realize such behavior is to couple a macroscopic mechanical oscillator to a continuous field through an optical cavity. In view of this, our system comprises an optomechanical cavity driven by a coherent optical field in the non-sideband-resolved regime where we assume Gaussian initial states for each degree of freedom. We develop a framework to quantify the amount of entanglement in the system numerically. Different from previous work, we take into account both the continuous optical field and the cavity mode. In order to apply our framework to real experimental data, we use the noise curves of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO). Furthermore, we discuss the parameter regimes where entanglement exists, even in the presence of quantum and classical noises. Lastly, we compute the maximally entangled mode as a reference for future experiments. |
Monday, March 6, 2023 12:54PM - 1:06PM |
B66.00006: A Spin-Mechanical System combining NV centers and high-Q Nanostrings in a Scanning Probe Setup Frankie Fung, Emma Rosenfeld, John D Schaefer, Trisha Madhavan, Mikhail D Lukin, Tony Zhou, Amir Yacoby, Jan Gieseler, Aaron Kabcenell Hybrid quantum systems that couple spins to mechanical degrees of freedom allow for a variety of applications in quantum information processing, such as generating long-distance entanglement between solid-state spins via a mechanical resonator. Working towards this goal, we present a new platform consisting of magnetically functionalized, doubly-clamped silicon nitride beam resonators positioned close to diamond nanopillars. We report on measurements of coherent coupling between the electronic spin states of individual NV centers and the resonator motion, and show how this setup can be extended to generate programmable entanglement between many spins. |
Monday, March 6, 2023 1:06PM - 1:18PM |
B66.00007: Beating the quantum limit in gravitational wave detectors Dhruva Ganapathy The Advanced LIGO gravitational wave detectors operate at sensitivities where noise from vacuum fluctuation begins to dominate as quantum shot noise and quantum radiation pressure noise. In their most recent observing run, the LIGO and Virgo detectors implemented the use of special quantum states of light known as squeezed states of light in order to reduce high frequency quantum noise.The improved sensitivity from shot noise reduction was, however, accompanied by an increase in quantum radiation pressure noise at low frequencies. This is quantum backaction from the optomechanical coupling of the kilogram-sized mirrors with the light inside the detector’s optical cavities. For the current upcoming observing run, LIGO aims to counteract this backaction using 300 m filter cavities which rotate squeezed states at low frequencies in order to decrease radiation pressure noise, thus providing a broadband sensitivity improvement. The improved sensitivity of the detectors is expected to vastly increase the number of astrophysical events that the gravitational wave detector network observes, setting the stage for a lot of new and interesting astrophysics. Here, we present results from the filter cavity installation in LIGO for frequency dependent squeezing to beat the standard quantum limit, the latest milestone in decades of work on quantum back-action evasion. |
Monday, March 6, 2023 1:18PM - 1:30PM |
B66.00008: Waveguide-QED with one-dimensional Josephson metamaterials Carlos A. Gonzalez-Gutierrez, Chung S Kow, Archana Kamal Quantum emitters coupled to waveguides constitute one of the paradigmatic platforms for the implementation of quantum technologies based on collective qubit-photon interactions, such as remote entanglement generation, quantum metrology, and quantum communication. Interestingly, the properties of the emission spectrum are completely determined by the nature of coupling to the waveguide and its dispersion relation, independent of the details of the emitter. Here we study the collective dynamics of a system consisting of a left-handed Josephson transmission line (LJTL) strongly coupled to a superconducting qubit. Interestingly, we find that the LJTL implements an engineered reservoir with an asymmetric spectral function, leading to fractional decay of qubit population and therefore to qubit-photon bound-states outside the continuum. We explore the modification of photon emission due to the nonlinearity of the reservoir and the extension of these ideas to systems with multiple qubits. |
Monday, March 6, 2023 1:30PM - 1:42PM |
B66.00009: Encircling exceptional points in a restricted parameter space Chitres Guria, Yogesh S S Patil, Qi Zhong, Sahin K Ozdemir, Ramy El-Ganainy, Jack G Harris The eigenvalue spectrum of a non-Hermitian system has topological structure that is absent in Hermitian systems. This structure is evident when the system is parametrically tuned along a smooth path that returns to itself (i.e., control loop). Such a control loop causes the spectrum to trace out a braid and the specific braid is determined by how the control loop encircles degeneracies known as exceptional points. The relationship between control loops, degeneracies and braids has a natural description in the space spanned by the 2(N-1) parameters that provide full control over system’s spectrum (where N is the number of modes). In particular, for any N ≥ 2, the braids form the braid group BN and homotopically equivalent control loops produce isotopically equivalent braids [1,2]. However, in cases where N is large, a visualization of control loops and degeneracies in the full control space is non-trivial. Moreover, in many applications, only a subset of these control parameters is accessible. In such a restricted subset of the control space, a theoretical description in terms of permutation matrices and representation theory [3] provides valuable insights. In this work, we use a cavity optomechanical system to experimentally validate this approach in a subset control space and show that the results map onto the generic description in the full control space. |
Monday, March 6, 2023 1:42PM - 1:54PM |
B66.00010: Back action evasion in optical lever detection Shan Hao, Thomas Purdy The optical lever is a centuries old precision measurement technique and is widely used in applications ranging from consumer products and industrial sensors to precision force microscopes for scientific research. However, despite the long history, its quantum limits have yet to be explored. Here, I will talk about the physics of the back-action evasion that can be used to beat standard quantum limit (SQL) in optical lever detection. We developed a simple qualitive ray optics picture and a complementary quantitative multi-mode Gaussian optics description of back-action evasion. We perform a proof-of-principle demonstration of the back-action evasion mechanism in the classical regime, in our optical lever system consisting of a laser reflecting off a node of a high mechanical quality factor, vibrating silicon nitride membrane or string. To evade back-action, we developed a lens system where extra tilting of the reflected light caused by beam-pointing-noise-induced optical torques is cancelled at the quadrant photodetector. We achieve an effective optomechanical cooperativity of about 100 at 4 K in this cavity-less system. We foresee that the demonstration of quantum back action evasion and beating of SQL is possible in the near future as we improve with higher quality devices and better laser power handling. The protocol will be beneficial for future super high precision quantum sensing applications. |
Monday, March 6, 2023 1:54PM - 2:06PM |
B66.00011: Nonlinear Sideband Cooling to a Cat State of Motion Bradley Hauer, Joshua L Combes, Katarina Cicak, Florent Q Lecocq, Raymond W Simmonds, Jose Aumentado, John D Teufel Though cavity optomechanics has demonstrated great progress in the quantum control of engineered mechanical systems, the ability to prepare arbitrary quantum states of motion has remained elusive. Of particular interest are macroscopic superpositions of mechanical motion known as cat states, which have potential for applications in quantum information and metrology, as well as studies of the fundamental limits of quantum mechanics. Here I will present theoretical work detailing a novel mechanical cat state preparation technique that utilizes the intrinsic nonlinearity of a dispersive optomechanical system. We show that by applying two continuous pumps to an optomechanical cavity, one can dissipatively engineer two-phonon processes that overwhelm linear loss in the mechanical resonator and stabilize it into a cat state of motion. Analyzing this protocol using a master equation approach, we show that the mechanical cat state exhibits significant Wigner negativity for single-photon optomechanical coupling rates exceeding the decay rate of the cavity. Though currently unattainable using state-of-the-art optomechanical systems, I will conclude by presenting an update on our experimental efforts to realize this protocol using superconducting millimeter-wave circuits. |
Monday, March 6, 2023 2:06PM - 2:18PM |
B66.00012: Towards quantum magnetomechanics – chip-based magnetic levitation of a superconducting microsphere Gerard Higgins, Martí Gutierrez Latorre, Achintya Paradkar, Anton Söderqvist, Fabian Resare, Witlef Wieczorek Magnetically-levitated superconducting microparticles make a promising system for probing quantum physics in unexplored high-mass regimes of ~1μg~1018amu [1]. We show initial steps in this direction. We trap a superconducting microparticle and aim to prepare its COM motion in quantum states. Our particle acts as an ideal diamagnet and is confined in a passive magnetic trap formed by superconducting currents. We use all-magnetic trapping, detection and feedback to avoid several limitations of optical levitation. Our system [2,3] is well isolated from the surroundings, in a dilution refrigerator at temperatures <100mK. Our magnetic trap’s and detection coils are microfabricated on a chip, which enables flexible control of the trapping potential, high and stable detection efficiencies and the potential to scale-up our system to an array of magnetically-levitated inertial sensors. |
Monday, March 6, 2023 2:18PM - 2:30PM |
B66.00013: HeLIOS: The Superfluid Helium Ultralight Dark Matter Detector with Optomechanical Transducer Marvin Hirschel, Vaisakh Vadakkumbatt, Noah Baker, Ryan Petery, Swati Singh, John P Davis Cavity optomechanical systems can probe the motion of a mechanical oscillator with unprecedented sensitivity, providing the opportunity to search for new physics. If dark matter (DM) contains ultralight bosonic particles, they would behave as a classical wave and manifest through an oscillating force on baryonic matter that is coherent over ∼106 periods1,2. Our Helium ultraLIght dark matter Optomechanical Sensor (HeLIOS) utilizes the high-Q acoustic modes of superfluid helium-4 to resonantly amplify this signal to displacements larger than thermal motion at millikelvin temperatures, which can be read out through a superconducting re-entrant microwave cavity as sensitive optomechanical transducer3. Pressurizing the helium allows for the unique possibility of tuning the mechanical frequency and broadening the DM detection bandwidth. The first-generation HeLIOS detector could explore unconstrained parameter space for both scalar and vector ultralight DM after a few minutes of integration time4,5. |
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