Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2023
Volume 68, Number 3
Las Vegas, Nevada (March 5-10)
Virtual (March 20-22); Time Zone: Pacific Time
Session A71: Quantum Sensing using Distributed SensorsFocus
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Sponsoring Units: DQI Chair: Tahereh Rezaei, USC, Information Science Institute Room: Room 407/408 |
Monday, March 6, 2023 8:00AM - 8:12AM |
A71.00001: Quantum sensor network with probabilistic entanglment generation Emily Van Milligen, Eneet Kaur, Christos N Gagatsos, Saikat Guha One of the most promising applications of quantum networks is entanglement assisted sensing, i.e., exploiting quantum correlations to improve the precision bound for applications such as precision timekeeping, long-baseline imaging, magnetic-field sensing, and biological imaging. When measuring multiple spatially distributed parameters, current literature focuses on entanglement among qubits in the discrete variable case, and entangled squeezing modes in the continuous variable case. However, it can be difficult to ensure all sensors pre-share entanglement of high-enough fidelity. Our work probes the space between fully entangled and fully classical sensor networks by modeling a star-topology network with probabilistic entanglement generation that is attempting to estimate a generalized parameter. The quantum Fisher Information is used to determine which protocols best utilize entanglement as a resource for different network conditions. It is shown that without entanglement distillation there is a threshold fidelity below which classical sensing is preferable. For a network with a given number of sensors and links characterized by initial link fidelities and probabilities of success, this work outlines when to use entanglement, when to store it, and when it needs to be distilled. |
Monday, March 6, 2023 8:12AM - 8:24AM |
A71.00002: Fulfilling entanglement's optimal advantage via converting correlation to coherence Haowei Shi, Bingzhi Zhang, Quntao Zhuang Entanglement boosts performance limits in sensing and communication, and surprisingly even more in presence of entanglement-breaking noise. However, to maximally fulfill such advantages requires an optimal measurement design, a challenging task as information is encoded in the feeble quantum correlation after entanglement's death. For this reason, there is a long list of protocols with optimal receivers still elusive long after their debut. We propose a conversion module to capture and transform such quantum correlation to coherent quadrature displacement, which enables the optimal receiver design for a wide range of entanglement-enhanced protocols, including target detection (quantum illumination), phase estimation, classical communication, target ranging and arbitrary thermal-loss channel pattern classification. Our module is completely off-the-shelf and provides a paradigm of processing noisy quantum correlations for near-term implementation. |
Monday, March 6, 2023 8:24AM - 8:36AM |
A71.00003: Correlation spectroscopy with a network of quantum sensors Tuvia Gefen, Helene Hainzer, Dominik Kiesenhofer, Tuomas Ollikainen, Matthias Bock, Florian Kranzl, Manoj K Joshi, Goni Yoeli, Rainer Blatt, Christian Roos We consider a network of quantum sensors, consisting of N qubits, with strong correlated dephasing. While every single sensor is completely incoherent, the correlations in the noise allow to sense multi-particle properties such as phase differences. We generalize the notion of correlation spectroscopy for estimation of all phase differences in this network. This method, which involves all N -particle correlations, reduces the measurement uncertainty as compared to the traditional method where only two-particle correlations are analyzed. |
Monday, March 6, 2023 8:36AM - 8:48AM |
A71.00004: Fundamental Limits of Spectroscopy of Single Complex Quantum Systems using Pulsed Quantum Light Aiman Khan, Animesh Datta, Francesco Albarelli Pulsed optical states exhibiting nonclassical correlations and composed of a few photons are a novel spectroscopic tool. In a setup that probes single molecules in free space, we will calculate fundamental bounds on precision of estimators constructed from continuous field measurements, using an explicit light-matter coupling model. For arbitrary configuration of matter Hamiltonian and incoming state of light, we will show that QFI of detected light can be calculated as the trace variation of a generalised density matrix (GDM) whose dynamics admits hierarchical equations of motion. For the particular example of one-photon Fock pulses, we will demonstrate the complementary nature of optimal detection for phase-like matter Hamiltonian parameters versus that of loss-like parameters of the interaction Hamiltonian. For phase-like matter parameters (such as transition frequency) we will show that optimal measurements can be implemented in a two-element POVM. Finally, we employ in the one-photon interaction biphoton setup, entangled two-photon states where one of the photons functions as a noiseless ancila. In this setup, we will show that correlated LOCC detection schemes have an assured advantage over uncorrelated/single-photon measurements. We will also show that for the restricted but experimenally relevant class of parametrically downconverted (PDC) states, more entangled photon states yield both yield both ultimate precision bounds, as well as more efficient LOCC estimation strategies. |
Monday, March 6, 2023 8:48AM - 9:00AM |
A71.00005: Fast and Robust Entanglement of Locally Interacting Spins for Quantum Sensing Nazli U Koyluoglu, Shankari V Rajagopal, Gabriel L Moreau, Jacob A Hines, Ognjen Markovic, Monika H Schleier-Smith We propose a fast and robust dynamical approach to spin squeezing with local interactions, employing a gap-protected countertwisting Hamiltonian, which adds a Heisenberg interaction term to an analog of the canonical two-axis countertwisting (TACT) Hamiltonian. The squeezing is robust against interaction-induced dephasing, and is therefore able to leverage the exponentially fast squeezing and Heisenberg scaling of all-to-all TACT. Moreover, it may be implemented by Floquet engineering using only Ising or spin-exchange interactions of a single sign, opening the door to applications in near-term experiments with Rydberg atoms, cold molecules, or solid-state spins. We demonstrate numerically that both the squeezing and the full metrological gain, attainable through an echo protocol, exhibit a Heisenberg scaling below a critical value of the power-law exponent that depends on dimensionality and increases with the strength of gap protection. Furthermore, we provide a general theoretical framework for studying spin squeezing Hamiltonians, based on a spin-wave analysis of the early-time squeezing dynamics of a generic XYZ model. This motivates our focus on gap-protected countertwisting, which enables resonant parametric amplification of zero-momentum spin waves, while suppressing excitation of higher-momentum modes. |
Monday, March 6, 2023 9:00AM - 9:12AM |
A71.00006: Quantum-Enhanced Doppler Lidar Maximilian Reichert We propose a quantum-enhanced protocol to estimate the radial velocity v of a moving target, using an optical frequency-entangled squeezed state composed of a signal and an idler beam as a probe state. The signal beam illuminates the moving object and it is reflected with its frequency shifted due to the Doppler effect. Then, a measurement on signal and idler beams is performed to estimate the velocity of the object. We aim at benchmarking this protocol against the classical one, which comprises a coherent state with the same pulse duration and energy illuminating the object. Indeed, employing squeezing and frequency entanglement as quantum resources provides to a precision enhancement in the estimation of the velocity of the object. We identify three distinct parameter regimes. First, the frequency entanglement-dominant regime, where the quantum and the classical protocols perform equally well. Second, the squeezing-dominant regime, with a quantum advantage that is higher than the standard quantum limit. Third, the mixed regime, where both squeezing and frequency entanglement are comparable and the proposed quantum protocol attains the Heisenberg limit. Losses in the signal beam are considered for the high-squeezing regime. The protocol shows resilience, outperforming the classical protocol for all channel transmissivities. We show that an optimal measurement to achieve these results in the lossless case is frequency-resolved photon-number counting. |
Monday, March 6, 2023 9:12AM - 9:48AM |
A71.00007: Distributed quantum sensing with continous-variable entanglement: from fundamentals to dark matter search Invited Speaker: Quntao Zhuang Quantum information science has enabled advanced capabilities in quantum sensing, communication and computation. Entanglement is the unique resource behind many of the applications. In this talk, I will introduce recent advances in distributed quantum sensing with continuous-variable entanglement, where the estimation precision of a global property of multiple local parameters is improved. I will begin with the early works on optical displacement sensing, and the proof-of-principle experiments. Then, I will consider dark matter search as an example to illustrate the working mechanism of distributed quantum sensing. Fundamental limits of dark matter search will be presented, as well as how multipartite entanglement between microwave cavities or optomechanical systems boost the scan rates. Finally, I will talk about protocol designs for quantum networking and transduction to share entanglement across multiple sensors. Teleportation-based and squeezing-enhanced transduction protocols between optical and microwave will be introduced. I will also briefly talk about continuous-variable quantum error correction for improving the quality of entanglement. |
Monday, March 6, 2023 9:48AM - 10:00AM |
A71.00008: Demonstration of Quantum Advantage in Microwave Quantum Radar Réouven Assouly, Rémy Dassonneville, Theau Peronnin, Audrey Bienfait, Benjamin Huard The quantum radar promises to improve the speed of detection of a target placed in a noisy background by a factor of up to 4 in the low power regime compared to best possible classical radar. Observing this quantum advantage requires exploiting the quantum correlations through a joint measurement of the initially entangled probe and the idler which has never been performed in the previous microwave quantum radar attempts. Following a proposal by Guha and Erkmen [1], we demonstrate a quantum advantage of up to 1.2±0.1 in a proof-of-principle quantum radar operating at microwave frequencies. |
Monday, March 6, 2023 10:00AM - 10:12AM |
A71.00009: Entanglement-Enhanced Optomechanical Sensor Array for Dark Matter Searches Anthony J Brady, Xin Chen, Kewen Xiao, Yi Xia, Zhen Liu, Roni Harnik, Dalziel J Wilson, Zheshen Zhang, Quntao Zhuang The nature of dark matter (DM) is one of the most important open questions in modern physics. The search for DM is challenging since, besides gravitational interaction, it feebly interacts with ordinary matter. We propose entanglement-enhanced optomechanical sensing systems to assist the search for DM with mechanical devices. To assess the performance of our setup, we adopt the integrated sensitivity, which is suitable for broadband sensing as it quantifies the bandwidth-sensitivity tradeoff of the system. We show that, by coherently operating the mechanical sensor array and utilizing multi-partite entanglement between the optical fields, the array has a scaling advantage over independent sensors as well as a performance boost due to entanglement. The in our scheme is not necessarily due to the amount of light that impinges on a single mechanical oscillator within the array but, rather, is a consequence of the quantum correlations between the optical fields that impacts the mechanics as a collective. Such an improvement is achievable with off-the-shelf experimental components. |
Monday, March 6, 2023 10:12AM - 10:24AM |
A71.00010: "Achieving the Heisenberg limit using ancilla-free quantum error-correcting codes" Argyrios Giannisis Manes, Sisi Zhou, Liang Jiang Quantum error correction is theoretically capable of achieving the ultimate estimation limits in noisy quantum metrology. However, existing quantum error-correcting codes designed for quantum sensing under Markovian noise generally contain noiseless ancillas, one for each probe, which is one of the major obstacles to implementing it in practice. Here we successfully lift the requirement of noiseless ancillas by explicitly constructing two types of new quantum error-correcting codes, where the first code entangles multiple probes with an exponentially small ancilla and the second one is an ancilla-free random code. We show that, for general Hamiltonian estimation under Markovian noise, whenever the Heisenberg limit is achievable using quantum strategies, our new codes can both achieve the Heisenberg limit and the optimal rate at which the estimation error scales with the number of probes. |
Monday, March 6, 2023 10:24AM - 10:36AM |
A71.00011: Heisenberg limited metrology based on Hilbert space fragmentation in an interacting inhomogeneous system Atsuki Yoshinaga, Yuichiro Matsuzaki, Ryusuke Hamazaki In quantum metrology, an ensemble of entangled qubits can be used to enhance sensitivity in estimating external fields. One major challenge for quantum metrology is to achieve high sensitivity in many-body interacting systems. On the one hand, internal interactions among qubits are often helpful in preparing entangled states. On the other hand, complicated interactions, which are in general spatially inhomogeneous in actual experiments, make the many-body system thermalize and spoil the sensitivity. In this work, we propose an entanglement-enhanced sensing scheme that is robust against spatially inhomogeneous always-on Ising interactions. Our strategy is to tailor coherent quantum dynamics employing the Hilbert-space fragmentation (HSF), a recently recognized mechanism that evades thermalization in kinetically constrained many-body systems. Specifically, we analytically show that the emergent HSF caused by strong Ising interactions enables us to design a stable state where part of the qubits is effectively decoupled from the rest of the system. Using the decoupled qubits as a probe to measure a transverse field, we demonstrate that the Heisenberg limit is achieved without suffering from thermalization. |
Monday, March 6, 2023 10:36AM - 10:48AM |
A71.00012: Temperature Estimation of Quantum Environments using Impurity Probes George Mihailescu, Steve Campbell, Andrew K Mitchell Recent studies have made great advances in designing temperature probing schemes using quantum parameter estimation strategies. While the problem of accurate temperature |
Monday, March 6, 2023 10:48AM - 11:00AM Author not Attending |
A71.00013: Transmon qubit as a sensor for quantum characteristics of magnon Vahid Azimi-Mousolou Experimental verification of non-classical magnon states is of great importance, which clarifies various buds of quantum magnonics towards quantum technologies. Among others, antiferromagnetic magnons are very intriguing as they possess robust and energy-efficient quantum features [1, 2], and therefore allow sustainable quantum developments. Here we discuss how a photon [3] and particularly a transmon qubit can be used to experimentally observe interesting quantum phenomena such as magnon polarization, squeezing, and entanglement in antiferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic materials. |
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