Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2022
Volume 67, Number 3
Monday–Friday, March 14–18, 2022; Chicago
Session W24: Matter at Extreme Conditions: New Experimental DevelopmentsFocus Recordings Available
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Sponsoring Units: GSCCM Chair: Frank Cherne, Los Alamos National Laboratory Room: McCormick Place W-186C |
Thursday, March 17, 2022 3:00PM - 3:36PM |
W24.00001: Shock trains in liquid jets and their effect on protein crystals and protein molecular structure Invited Speaker: Claudiu A Stan Shock wave trains in liquid jets are a counterpart of the long-known Mach patterns in supersonic gas jets, but were only discovered recently during X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) ablation experiments. These shock trains have a surprisingly rich physics. As in the gas case, they form through oblique shock reflections at the jet boundary, but also exhibit unique cavitation phenomena, and realize a system where a maximal intensity sound is generated, with sound pressure levels above 270 dB in water. The formation of shock trains is a self-stabilizing phenomenon, and can also be realized using nanosecond optical lasers. |
Thursday, March 17, 2022 3:36PM - 3:48PM |
W24.00002: Update on multi-megabar shockless compression at Sandia's Z machine (2022) Jean-Paul Davis, Justin L Brown Quasi-isentropic, shockless ramp-wave experiments promise accurate equation-of-state (EOS) data of materials in the solid phase at relatively low temperatures and multi-megabar (100’s GPa) pressures. In this range of pressure, isothermal diamond-anvil techniques have limited pressure accuracy due to reliance on theoretical EOS of calibration standards, thus accurate quasi-isentropic compression data would help immensely in constraining EOS models. Multi-megabar shockless compression experiments using the Z Machine at Sandia as a magnetic drive with stripline targets have been performed on many solid materials over the past decade. An update is given on recent developments in analysis methods and uncertainty quantification for these experiments. |
Thursday, March 17, 2022 3:48PM - 4:00PM |
W24.00003: Reaching Extreme States by Intense X-ray Irradiation at the European XFEL Nicholas J Hartley With short pulse lengths and high sample penetration, intense beams from X-ray Free Electron Lasers have revolutionized the study of high energy states. As yet, however, their capabilities as drivers of high energy density states remain much less explored. |
Thursday, March 17, 2022 4:00PM - 4:12PM |
W24.00004: Implementation of X-Ray Phase-Contrast Imaging (XPCI) with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to Retrieve Areal Density of Laser-Shocked Materials in Extreme Conditions with a Single XFEL Pulse Daniel S Hodge, Silvia Pandolfi, Yanwei Liu, Kenan Li, Anne Sakdinawat, Eric Galtier, Bob Nagler, Haeja Lee, Eric Cunningham, Cynthia A Bolme, Kyle J Ramos, Pawel M Kozlowski, David S Montgomery, Dimitri Khaghani, Andrew Leong, Thomas Carver, Stefano Marchesini, Arianna E Gleason, Richard L Sandberg The characterization of the dynamic behavior of materials in extreme conditions requires an ultra-fast x-ray probe, such as x-ray free electron lasers (XFELs). Nevertheless, the stochastic nature of the x-ray pulses makes quantitative characterization of the physical and chemical behavior challenging. At the Matter in Extreme Conditions (MEC) Instrument at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), we perform in-situ 2D x-ray phase contrast imaging (XPCI), combining single femtosecond x-ray pulses from LCLS with laser shock compression to study heterogeneities that arise in low-density polymers with voids at the micron scale. Insight into the behavior of the void can be gained by performing phase retrieval on the images and measuring the areal density of the polymer during laser-shock ablation. To address the shot-to-shot fluctuations of the x-ray pulse, we implement principal component analysis on a sequence of recorded white-field images. The correct flat-field images can then be simulated to normalize the dynamic images against heterogeneities in the x-ray wavefront not induced by the sample. For the first time, we uniquely characterize the areal density of a dynamically compressed material in a single shot, which is crucial for understanding important attributes of matter. |
Thursday, March 17, 2022 4:12PM - 4:24PM |
W24.00005: Large Volume Paris-Edinburgh press program at 16-BM-B Rostislav Hrubiak, Guoyin Shen, Curtis Kenney-Benson, Eric Rod, Changyong Park, Arun Bommannavar, Seth Iwan, Megan Mouser At the experimental beamline 16-BM-B of the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, we have established a set of capabilities for comprehensive high-pressure x-ray studies using a large volume press. The large sample volume press enables multiple experiment types that are not easily feasible with small volume devices like the diamond anvil cell, allowing to better investigate the relationship between the microscopic structure and the macroscopic properties of matter at high pressure (P) and high temperature (T) conditions. The beamline is equipped with a Paris-Edinburgh (PE) press, integrated with a multitude of x-ray techniques and other optical and ultrasonic techniques for in-situ characterization at high P-T conditions. The samples with dimensions of several millimeters can be simultaneously compressed and heated up to P of 7 gigapascal (GPa) and T of 2300 K. The established characterization techniques include ultrasound echo, falling sphere viscometry, monochromatic x-ray absorption scanning, phase contrast radiography, and specialty sample cells with electrical probes. Beamline description, recent developments, and science examples will be presented. |
Thursday, March 17, 2022 4:24PM - 4:36PM |
W24.00006: Laue Diffraction in the High Pressure Collaborative Access Team (HPCAT). Dmitry Popov, Curtis Kenney-Benson, Arun Bommannavar, Maddury S Somayazulu, Nenad Velisavljevic Polychromatic beam diffraction technique is a powerful tool to investigate pressure induced processes in-situ and in-operando. Microstructural information including strain, orientation relations, twinning, crystal morphology is available across phase transitions, deformation, chemical processes. Using this information combined with theory, mechanisms and driving forces of such processes can be investigated. Experimental setup specifically optimized for application of high pressure Laue diffraction is available and open for users at HPCAT. Recent case studies including mechanism of Si I to Si II phase transition, pressure induced processes in Cu50Fe50 precipitates and high entropy alloys will be presented. |
Thursday, March 17, 2022 4:36PM - 4:48PM |
W24.00007: Overview of High-Pressure Collaborative Access Team (HPCAT) facility at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory Nenad Velisavljevic High-Pressure Collaborative Access Team (HPCAT) is a dedicated facility for high pressure research and is located within the Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory. |
Thursday, March 17, 2022 4:48PM - 5:00PM |
W24.00008: High-Speed Rotational Diamond Anvil Cell (HS-RDAC) for Shear Deformation Study Changyong Park, Arun Devaraj, Tingkun Liu, Stanislav Sinogeikin A first of its kind high-speed rotational diamond anvil cell (HS-RDAC) has been tested at HPCAT beamlines. The device basically consists of a support diamond anvil and an opposing high-speed rotating diamond anvil, of which the rotation speed can be adjusted up to kilo-rpm level. The development is aimed at enabling a new platform to emulate deformation-based solid-state processing under moderate uniaxial compression condition and provide an experimental approach for predictive understanding of the fundamental atomic scale mechanism of mass and energy transfer under shear deformation conditions. As a pilot test, solid-state mixing of Cu-Ni binary powders has been tried, and the time-dependent lattice strain evolution and spatial variation of defect density across the sample dimension have been investigated. The study provides new insights into how interface mass transfer could be accelerated under shear deformation. |
Thursday, March 17, 2022 5:00PM - 5:12PM |
W24.00009: Laser-driven shock wave dynamics probed by femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy Jet Lem, Keith A Nelson Laser-induced shock waves provide a powerful tool for the study of a wide range of phenomena including high-pressure phase transitions and chemical reactions. In this work, we have integrated femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS) into a laser-induced shock wave platform to interrogate shock-induced chemical changes. A thin layer of the sample material (25-100 µm) is confined between two glass substrates. An intense laser pulse is absorbed by the material, launching a shock wave that propagates in the sample plane. The shock wave propagation is imaged using a femtosecond pulse train to extract the shock wave speed and consequently the shock pressure, and to observe time-dependent sample responses. FSRS probe pulses are focused onto the sample in the shocked region, collecting a broadband Raman spectrum in a single-shot with picosecond time resolution. This technique allows coherent vibrational spectroscopic probing of molecular dynamics as well as visualization of macroscopic dynamics resulting from shock loading. |
Thursday, March 17, 2022 5:12PM - 5:24PM |
W24.00010: Time-resolved x-ray diffraction diagnostic development with ultrafast hCMOS sensors at the National Ignition Facility Kalpani - Werellapatha, Nathan E Palmer, Martin G Gorman, Nathan Masters, Arthur C Carpenter, Bryan Ferguson, Federica Coppari, Amy E Jenei, Gareth N Hall, Gregory E Kemp, Christine Krauland, Shahab F Khan, Sabrina R Nagel, Charles Heinbockel, Neal Bhandarkar, David K Bradley, Jon H Eggert, Laura Robin Benedetti We present details of an experimental platform that collects time-resolved x-ray diffraction (XRDt) data from laser-driven dynamically compressed materials at the National Ignition Facility. XRDt probes the atomic structure of phase transformations at extreme thermodynamic conditions in-situ. To record phase transitions, we use high speed (~1 ns) gated hybridized CMOS sensors (hCMOS), which collect multiple frames of data over a timescale of a few to tens of ns. We record both time-resolved (hCMOS) and time-integrated (image plate) XRD and the direct x-ray beam. |
Thursday, March 17, 2022 5:24PM - 5:36PM |
W24.00011: Towards higher densities of matter: ultra-high pre-compression in shock dynamic experiments Anand P Dwivedi, Sylvain Petitgirard, Karen Appel, Erik Brambrink, Konstantin Glazyrin, Rachel Husband, Zuzana Konôpková, Marius Millot, Thomas Preston, Alessandra Ravasio, Cornelius Strohm, Ulf Zastrau, Valerio Cerantola We introduce a new design of a shock diamond anvil cell (SDAC) for combining high static pre-compression and sub-kJ laser-driven dynamic shock compression experiments at X-ray sources. We designed a system of two thin diamond anvils, one of which is perforated with a thin diamond window (30-70 μm) on top of the culet. The perforation is envisioned to allow shock waves created by low/moderate energy lasers to propagate through the sample. Being developed to be usable by any user community at the High Energy Density (HED) instrument at European-XFEL, or other large-scale facilities around the world, the unique design of the SDAC will allow to reach higher density states of matter in dynamic compression experiments and probe previously unexplored regions of the pressure-temperature-density phase diagram, combined with the diagnostics capability of the XFEL. We will present our most recent technical developments and results of the pre-compression pressures achieved using SDAC along with hydrodynamic simulation results of dense Krypton, among other samples, laser-shocked at different initial densities. |
Thursday, March 17, 2022 5:36PM - 5:48PM |
W24.00012: Combined Phase Contrast Imaging and Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering diagnostic of relativistic plasmas at the High Energy Density instrument at European XFEL Alejandro Laso Garcia, Toma Toncian, Alexander Pelka, Carsten Baehtz, Hauke Hoeppner, Thomas E Cowan, Thomas Kluge, Lingen Huang, Hans-Peter Schlenvoigt, Irene Prencipe, Michal Šmíd, Thomas Preston, Karen Appel, Motoaki Nakatsutsumi, Jan-Patrick Jan-Patrick Schwinkendorf, Erik Brambrink, Dominik Kraus, Oliver Humphries, Steve Gales, Colin Brown, Bob Nagler, Charlotte Palmer, Ginevra E Cochran, Edward V Marley The successful commissioning of the ultra-short pulse high-intensity ReLaX laser at the HED instrument at euXFEL, provides new unique opportunities in the plasma and high-field physics fields. ReLaX is a double CPA Ti:Sa laser capable of delivering up to 300 TW pulses on target. In the first commissioning phase, 100 TW pulses were used, reaching intensities up to 1020 W/cm2. |
Thursday, March 17, 2022 5:48PM - 6:00PM |
W24.00013: On-site in situ high-pressure ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy:Instrument, ultrafast dynamics in Sr2IrO4, and pressure-induced phonon bottleneck effect Jimin Zhao, Yanling Wu, Xia Yin, Jiazila Hasaien, Yang Ding, Zhenyun Tian We conceive and construct an on-site in situ high-pressure time-resolved ultrafast optical spectroscopy instrument [1] that facilitates ultrafast pump-probe dynamics measurements under high pressure conditions. We integrate an ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy system with a diamond anvil cell (DAC) system. Significantly, both the DAC and the sample are fixed within the light path without motion and rotation throughout the whole experiment, including tuning and calibrating the pressure. This instrument thus avoids introducing artifacts due to sample motion or rotation, enabling precision high-pressure ultrafast pump-probe dynamics investigations. Our data and analysis show that conventional possible artifacts are greatly reduced by using the on-site in situ layout. We also demonstrate a time-resolved ultrafast dynamics study [2] on non-equilibrium quasiparticle (QP) states in Sr2IrO4 under high pressure by using this instrument. The QP dynamics exhibits a salient pressure-induced phonon bottleneck feature at 20 GPa, which corresponds to a gap shrinkage in the electronic structure. |
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