Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2022
Volume 67, Number 3
Monday–Friday, March 14–18, 2022; Chicago
Session M34: Hybrid/Macroscopic Quantum Systems, Optomechanics, and AMO Systems VRecordings Available
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Sponsoring Units: DAMOP Room: McCormick Place W-193A |
Wednesday, March 16, 2022 8:00AM - 8:12AM |
M34.00001: High-temperature superfluorescence in perovskites Gamze Findik, Melike Biliroglu, Dovletgeldi Seyitliyev, Juliana Mendes, Andrew barette, Hossein Ardekani, Lei Lei, Qi Dong, Franky So, Kenan Gundogdu Creation, and manipulation of macroscopic quantum phases of matter has a significant potential for emerging quantum technologies. However, since quantum phase is extremely fragile under thermal noise, observation of these states has been limited to cryogenic conditions. Here we present that archetypal hybrid perovskite methyl ammonium lead iodide exhibits such a quantum state at high temperatures. Optically excited dipoles first form an incoherent ensemble, then undergo a synchronization process to form a giant dipole. The resulting state collectively emits a burst of radiation in a time scale 3 orders of magnitude faster compared to the lifetime of individual dipoles. This process is called superfluorescence and it is a second order quantum phase transition similar to Bose-Einstein condensation and superconductivity. Observation and study of superfluorescence in these materials provides insight into mechanisms that leads to collective quantum phenomena and development of quantum technologies. |
Wednesday, March 16, 2022 8:12AM - 8:24AM |
M34.00002: Enhanced Bidirectional Transduction between Microwave and Optical Fields through anti-PT symmetry Debsuvra Mukhopadhyay, Jayakrishnan Muttathil Prabhakarapada Nair, Girish S Agarwal We set forth a two-mode anti-PT symmetric converter, consisting of a microwave cavity coupled dissipatively to a ferrite (YIG) sphere, which enables an efficient bidirectional conversion between microwave and optical signals. This arrangement supports significant improvements in the conversion efficiency when compared to dispersively coupled setups. Specifically, when the YIG is irradiated by a microwave beam and extraneous losses are assumed sufficiently low, the strong coherence introduced by the mediating waveguide leads to an efficiency enhancement by a few orders of magnitude. Such a spectacular improvement is an upshot of the emergence of a long-lived, dark mode associated with a quasi-real singularity of the hybrid system. Additionally, in spite of the symmetrical nature of the Faraday coupling driving the conversion, a fundamental asymmetry ensues in the efficiencies of microwave-to-optical and optical-to-microwave transduction. Given the topicality of dissipatively coupled hybrid systems, particularly in the context of cavity magnonics, our conversion schemes would allow simple laboratory implementation. |
Wednesday, March 16, 2022 8:24AM - 8:36AM |
M34.00003: Ion Coulomb Crystals in Storage Rings for Quantum Information Science Sandra G Biedron, Trudy B Bolin, Salvador Sosa Guitron, Kevin A Brown, Bohong Huang, Clio Gonzalez-Zacarias, aasma Aslam Here we will discuss the possible use of crystalline beams in storage rings for applications in quantum information science (QIS). Crystalline beams have been created in ion trap systems and proven to be useful as a computational basis for QIS applications. The same structures can be created in a storage ring, but the ions necessarily have a constant velocity and are rotating in a circular trap. The basic structures that are needed are ultracold crystalline beams, called ion Coulomb crystals (ICC's). We will describe different applications of ICC's for QIS, how QIS information is obtained and can be used for quantum computing, and some of the challenges that need to be resolved to realize practical QIS applications in storage rings. |
Wednesday, March 16, 2022 8:36AM - 8:48AM |
M34.00004: Collective effects in 171Yb doped in YVO4 coupled to a nanophotonic cavity (II) Rikuto Fukumori, Mi Lei, Jake Rochman, Andrei Faraon Superradiance and subradiance are collective phenomena where the emitter's radiation rate is enhanced and suppressed, respectively. There is interest in exploring these effects as they provide valuable insights into many-body physics of interreacting emitters. Resonators coupled to atomic ensembles are also promising candidates for quantum devices such as memories and transducers, which motivates additional interest in understanding properties of these systems. In this talk, we discuss the subradiance dynamics of ytterbium-171 ions doped in yttrium orthovanadate (YVO4) coupled to a nanophotonic cavity. We find an increase in the population of the long-lived subradiant states through optically pumping superradiant states. This study furthers the understanding of collective dynamics in inhomogeneously broadened ensembles. |
Wednesday, March 16, 2022 8:48AM - 9:00AM |
M34.00005: Collective effects in 171Yb doped in YVO4 coupled to a nanophotonic cavity(I) Mi Lei, Rikuto Fukumori, Jake Rochman, Andrei Faraon Superradiance and subradiance are collective spontaneous emissions where radiation of emitters is constructively or destructively interfered. Superradiance has important applications in designing lasers, and subradiance has potential quantum applications such as storage of light. They also need to be taken into consideration when developing coherent light-matter interfaces like quantum memories and microwave to optical quantum transducers. Here we explore ytterbium-171 doped in yttrium orthovanadate. This particular system exhibits a relatively strong optical dipole moment, and a simple energy level structure that makes it well suited for studying collective phenomena. |
Wednesday, March 16, 2022 9:00AM - 9:12AM |
M34.00006: A cavity optomechanical platform using levitating superconductors and Josephson microwave circuits Philip E Schmidt, Joachim Hofer, Gerard Higgings, Stefan Minniberger, Jannek Hansen, Michael Trupke, Markus Aspelmeyer We report the implementation of a platform that combines magnetic levitation of superconductors with optomechanical coupling to superconducting quantum circuits. Magnetic trapping of superconductors enables levitation in a broad mass range, while inductive coupling of the mechanical motion to Josephson microwave circuits allows for cavity-optomechanical interactions. The talk will discuss prospects and challenges of the approach for realizing quantum states of motion of levitated superconductors, along with the current status of our experiment. |
Wednesday, March 16, 2022 9:12AM - 9:24AM |
M34.00007: Optomechanical coupling of a microwave cavity to a large mechanical resonator Jean-Paul van Soest Cavity optomechanics has developed to be a leading platform to study quantum properties of mechanical objects. One common objective is to cool a large mechanical resonator to its ground state and investigate quantum superpositions of these massive objects. Here, a 350 μm size high-stress Si3N4 membrane is capacitively coupled to a microwave cavity. At a temperature of 10 mK a Q factor of 106 is obtained. Coupling between microwave photons and phonons in the mechanical resonator is obtained in fabricated devices. A process which can be influenced by the driving frequency. Besides this, noise reduction of 20 dBm over a bandwidth of 500 kHz is achieved by frequency locking the cavity with frequency modulation. Homodyne measurements are performed, a technique common in optical experiments. These steps will enable new optomechanical experiments, such as achieving mode swapping between the large membrane and a qubit, and to measure quantum fluctuations. |
Wednesday, March 16, 2022 9:24AM - 9:36AM |
M34.00008: Improving cooling performance in an optomechanical system using a nonlinear cavity – Part 1 David Zoepfl, Lukas F Deeg, Nicolas Diaz Naufal, Christian M Schneider, Mathieu L Juan, Anja Metelmann, Gerhard Kirchmair The possibility to operate massive mechanical resonators in the quantum regime has become central in fundamental sciences. Optomechanics, where photons are coupled to mechanical motion, provides the tools to control mechanical objects near the fundamental quantum limits. However even in cryogenic systems, massive (low frequency) mechanical resonators are in highly excited thermal states, cooling is thus required to observe quantum effects. Here we describe an experiment, where we couple a magnetic cantilever to a microwave cavity, where an embedded SQUID makes the cavity sensitive to magnetic fields and also nonlinear. The tunable flux sensitivity of the SQUID provides in-situ control of the single-photon single-phonon coupling strength, where we demonstrate coupling strengths of up to 10 kHz. Higher coupling strengths towards 100 kHz are possible, however in the current setup flux noise prevents us from harnessing these high couplings. |
Wednesday, March 16, 2022 9:36AM - 9:48AM |
M34.00009: Improving cooling performance in an optomechanical system using a nonlinear cavity – Part 2 Nicolas Diaz Naufal, David Zoepfl, Lukas F Deeg, Christian M Schneider, Mathieu L Juan, Gerhard Kirchmair, Anja Metelmann Ground state cooling of a mechanical resonator is the prerequisite to utilize them for quantum information processing, and for ultrasensitive precision measurements at the quantum limit. In the field of cavity optomechanics dynamical backaction cooling and feedback protocols have been successfully used to bring macroscopic mechanical elements into or near the quantum ground state. Cooling in the linear regime of optomechanics has been extensively studied in the literature. However, here we show the emergence of new effects once a nonlinear environment for the mechanics is considered. We study the cooling properties of a mechanical resonator coupled to a nonlinear cavity, acting as a high-Q Duffing oscillator. We demonstrate that the presence of the Duffing-nonlinearity improves the cooling efficiency significantly. Moreover, we show that the cooling still improves even when driving the oscillator beyond bistability. These advantages of the nonlinear environment are not limited to the resolved sideband regime, and extend the realm of optomechanical architectures in the quantum regime. |
Wednesday, March 16, 2022 9:48AM - 10:00AM |
M34.00010: Improving cooling performance in an optomechanical system using a nonlinear cavity – Part 3 Lukas F Deeg, David Zoepfl, Nicolas Diaz Naufal, Christian M Schneider, Mathieu L Juan, Anja Metelmann, Gerhard Kirchmair Operating massive mechanical resonators in the quantum regime requires precise control over its mechanical modes. The state of the art approach is to couple a high quality micromechanical resonator to a photonic mode. In our setup, we couple a magnetic cantilever as our mechanical object to a magnetic field sensitive microwave cavity. The field tunable sensitivity is provided by an embedded SQUID, which also makes the cavity nonlinear. We show, that the theory including the nonlinearity of the cavity is in very good agreement with the measurement data and we demonstrate one order of magnitude improvement in the cooling. As suggested by the theory, we show experimentally that even cooling above the bistability of the microwave cavity is possible. Currently, the cooling capabilities in the experiment are mostly limited by flux noise, which can be included in the model leading to even better theoretical agreement in those limits. |
Wednesday, March 16, 2022 10:00AM - 10:12AM |
M34.00011: Observing polarization patterns in the collective motion of nanomechanical arrays Tirth Shah, Juliane Doster, Thomas Foesel, Florian Marquardt, Eva M Weig In recent years, nanomechanics has evolved into a mature field, with wide-ranging impact from sensing applications to fundamental physics, and it has now reached a stage which enables the fabrication and study of ever more elaborate devices. This has led to the emergence of arrays of coupled nanomechanical resonators as a promising field of research, serving as model systems to study collective dynamical phenomena such as synchronization or topological transport. From a general point of view, the arrays investigated so far represent scalar fields on a lattice. Moving to a scenario where these could be extended to vector fields would unlock a whole host of conceptually interesting additional phenomena, including the physics of polarization patterns in wave fields and their associated topology. Here we introduce a new platform, a two-dimensional array of coupled nanomechanical pillar resonators, whose orthogonal vibration directions encode a mechanical polarization degree of freedom. We demonstrate direct optical imaging of the collective dynamics, enabling us to analyze the emerging polarization patterns and follow their evolution with drive frequency. |
Wednesday, March 16, 2022 10:12AM - 10:24AM |
M34.00012: Optical signatures of the coupled spin-mechanics of a levitated magnetic microparticle Vanessa Wachter, Victor Bittencourt, Shangran Xie, Sanchar Sharma, Nicolas Joly, Philip Russell, Florian Marquardt, Silvia Viola Kusminskiy We propose a platform that combines the fields of cavity optomagnonics and levitated optomechanics in order to control and probe the coupled spin-mechanics of magnetic dielectric particles. We theoretically study the dynamics of a levitated Faraday-active dielectric microsphere serving as an optomagnonic cavity, placed in an external magnetic field and driven by an external laser. We find that the optically driven magnetization dynamics induces angular oscillations of the particle with low associated damping. Further, we show that the magnetization and angular motion dynamics can be probed via the power spectrum of the outgoing light. Namely, the characteristic frequencies attributed to the angular oscillations and the spin dynamics are imprinted in the light spectrum by two main resonance peaks. Additionally, we demonstrate that a ferromagnetic resonance setup with an oscillatory perpendicular magnetic field can enhance the resonance peak corresponding to the spin oscillations and induce fast rotations of the particle around its anisotropy axis. |
Wednesday, March 16, 2022 10:24AM - 10:36AM |
M34.00013: Measurement of Multimode Optomechanical Coupling in a Superfluid 4He Resonator Jiaxin Yu, Yogesh S. S Patil, Yiqi Wang, Jinyong Ma, Jakob Reichel, Jack G. E Harris Fiber-optic Fabry-Perot cavities that are filled with superfluid helium offer a number of advantages as quantum optomechanical devices. Previous work on these devices [1] has shown that each optical mode has near-perfect overlap with just the one acoustic mode that has the same transverse mode profile and a longitudinal wavenumber exactly double that of the optical mode. This "single-mode" optomechanical coupling results from the simple geometry of these devices. Here, we provide a detailed characterization of this coupling by measuring the (small) optomechanical interactions with several other paraxial acoustic modes. We find that these interactions can be attributed to the cavity's geometric asymmetry, corrections to the paraxial approximation, and the non-hermiticity arising from optical and acoustic losses. These results open the way to studying quantum optomechanical systems with degenerate mechanical modes, which may be useful for exploring exceptional point physics in the quantum regime. |
Wednesday, March 16, 2022 10:36AM - 10:48AM |
M34.00014: Optical precursors in waveguide quantum electrodynamics Silvia Fernanda Cardenas Lopez, Ana Asenjo-Garcia, Luis A Orozco, Pablo Solano When a broadband signal propagates through a dispersive medium some frequency components move faster than the main pulse. This leads to the appearance of precursors, rapidly oscillating waves that emerge from the medium earlier than the main signal and seem to propagate superluminally. Here, we investigate the microscopic origin of precursors in a minimal setup: an array of qubits coupled to a waveguide. For large qubit numbers, our result for the linear transmission function converges to that of a continuous medium. The continuous description breaks down for small samples. Nevertheless, oscillations in the transmitted field persist down to only two qubits, which is the minimal number of elements required for the emergence of precursors. Precursors are best observed under conditions of electromagnetically-induced transparency, as the main signal is significantly delayed. Under these conditions, just a single qutrit is enough to generate a precursor. Our results pave the way towards dispersion engineering of light with just a few qubits, and can be realized with superconducting qubits coupled to transmission lines or atoms coupled to fibers. |
Wednesday, March 16, 2022 10:48AM - 11:00AM |
M34.00015: Non-classical mechanical states guided in a phononic waveguide Amirparsa Zivari, Robert Stockill, Niccolo Fiaschi, Simon Groeblacher Quantum optics - the creation, manipulation and detection of non-classical states of light - is a fundamental cornerstone of modern physics, with many applications in basic and applied science. Achieving the same level of control over phonons, the quanta of vibrations, could have a similar impact, in particular on the fields of quantum sensing and quantum information processing. Here we demonstrate the first step towards this level of control and realize a single-mode waveguide for individual phonons in a suspended silicon micro-structure. We use a cavity-waveguide architecture, where the cavity is used as a source and detector for the mechanical excitations, while the waveguide has a free standing end in order to reflect the phonons. This enables us to observe multiple round-trips of the phonons between the source and the reflector. The long mechanical lifetime of almost 100 us demonstrates the possibility of nearly lossless transmission of single phonons over, in principle, tens of centimeters. Our experiment represents the first demonstration of full on-chip control over traveling single phonons strongly confined in the directions transverse to the propagation axis and paves the way to a time-encoded multimode quantum memory at telecom wavelength and advanced quantum acoustics experiments. |
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