Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2022
Volume 67, Number 3
Monday–Friday, March 14–18, 2022; Chicago
Session K33: Hybrid/Macroscopic Quantum Systems, Optomechanics, and AMO Systems IVFocus Recordings Available
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Sponsoring Units: DAMOP DQI Room: McCormick Place W-192C |
Tuesday, March 15, 2022 3:00PM - 3:12PM |
K33.00001: An optical fiber-based detector for scalar ultralight dark matter Jack Manley, Russell Stump, Ryan Petery, Swati Singh We discuss a potential broadband search for scalar ultralight dark matter (ULDM) with an optical fiber-based detector. ULDM that couples to electrons and/or photons would cause oscillations in the electron mass and fine structure constant, both of which produce measurable signals: isotropic strains and varying optical refractive indices. These signals are approximately monochromatic, with an unknown frequency determined by the ULDM particle mass. Both strains and refractive index modulation induce phase shifts in light propagating through optical fibers, which can be read out interferometrically. We show that optical fibers can be used to perform a laboratory-scale, broadband search for scalar ULDM in the relatively unexplored sub-Hz frequency regime (corresponding to ~10-16-10-15 eV/c2 particle mass). |
Tuesday, March 15, 2022 3:12PM - 3:24PM |
K33.00002: Strong Coupling between a Superconducting Circuit, Phonon, and Electron Spin via a Piezomechanical Nanocavity Hamza H Raniwala, Stefan Krastanov, Lisa Hackett, Matt Eichenfield, Dirk Englund, Matthew Trusheim A central goal in quantum information science is to exchange quantum information between different physical modalities, a process known as quantum transduction. This goal is urgently pursued in the context of microwave-to-optical transduction, which has applications in quantum networking. Recent work has considered highly efficient acoustic coupling via a phononic bus from microwave superconducting circuits (SCs) to a diamond color center, which is a near-unity spin-photon interface. However, transduction via traveling acoustic waves requires engineering a complex single mode-to-multimode-to-single mode interaction. Here, we theoretically show that it is possible to achieve strong coupling of a single acoustic mode of a Lamb wave-like resonator to both a SC mode and a single diamond electron spin. Based on this ability, we introduce a superconductor-phonon-spin transducer (SPST) that simultaneously achieves > 10 MHz coupling rates to both modes, allowing it to act as a mediary in deterministic microwave-to-spin transduction. Finally, we discuss the applications of an SPST in high-density, optically addressable quantum memory registers and superconducting-spin interconnects to a quantum network. |
Tuesday, March 15, 2022 3:24PM - 3:36PM |
K33.00003: Optomechanics with massive resonators Ewa Rej, Richa E Cutting, Joseph Depellette, Yulong Liu, Mika Sillanpaa The interface between quantum mechanics and gravity remains an open question. Indirect measurements studying gravity originating from source masses in quantum states could probe this interface, however, are challenging as quantum coherence is quickly lost for large systems ensuring small masses must be utilized, and detecting a gravity signature from a such small objects is hard. Micromechanical oscillators, already demonstrated as sensors with high force sensitivity and able to be prepared in a ground state, are ideally suited to realizing these experiments. Here we detail an optomechanical setup with gold spheres weighing a few mg on silicon nitride membranes coupled to three-dimensional microwave cavities. These mass loaded membranes vibrate at 2 kHz in the drum mode. We show thermalization of these massive oscillators to mK temperatures, and optomechanical side-band cooling with the goal to prepare the oscillators in their ground state. Two such oscillators in close proximity pave the way for measurements of classical gravity between milligram masses in quantum states. |
Tuesday, March 15, 2022 3:36PM - 3:48PM |
K33.00004: The cavity electromechanical system by using a semiconducting nanowire and its microwave bolometry application Jihwan Kim, Junho Suh, Jinwoong Cha, Younghun Ryu The cavity-electromechanical systems typically comprise a superconducting microwave cavity and a mechanical resonator. The superconducting microwave cavity carries the microwave (photon) which interacts with the mechanical motion (phonon). In recent years, this system provides great opportunities to investigate the quantum mechanical system due to the achievement of ground state phonon. To realize this system, the most of previous researches have utilized a superconducting microwave cavity which capacitively coupled to a superconducting mechanical resonator. In this case, the motion of the metallic mechanical resonator only changes the frequency of the microwave photon cavity, which is called dispersive coupling. We utilize a resistive semiconductor nanowire as a mechanical resonator embedded in a superconducting microwave cavity. The field effect of the semiconductor nanowire provides a gate dependence of resistance in the total microwave circuit, expecting the motion of the nanowire changes the dissipation rate of the total circuit (dissipative coupling). We verify the existence of both dispersive and dissipative couplings by comparing the measured sideband power with the circuit model analysis. As an application, this microwave loss of the semiconducting nanowire utilizes the microwave bolometry at milli-kelvin temperatures. |
Tuesday, March 15, 2022 3:48PM - 4:00PM |
K33.00005: Cooling of mechanical mode at room temperature through frequency modulation Arnab Sarkar, Ateesh K Rathi, Rajan K Singh, Ryan J Nicholl, Kirill I Bolotin, Saikat Ghosh We report a new cooling method of thermal modes of a nano-electromechanical system (NEMS). This technique doesn't require a cavity mode, neither condition like resolved sideband. We modulate frequency of mechanical mode of a low mass single layer graphene oscillator with a widely red detuned pump. The number of thermal phonons from that particular mode decreases with increasing modulation strength. Unlike other cooling methods, cooling rate also increases non-linearly as the number of phonons decreases. Amplitude of the thermal peak goes down following the 0th order Bessel's function of the first kind. Using this technique, we have reached from room temperature (300 K) to 54 K where thermal peak hits the noise floor of the detected spectrum. Our experiment is limited by thermal noise floor but predicts that at low temperature below single phonon limit can be reached easily. It is not limited to low mass oscillators. We also show that hybrid modes of graphene (low mass) and Silicon nitride (high mass) can be cooled following the same technique. |
Tuesday, March 15, 2022 4:00PM - 4:12PM |
K33.00006: Membrane-based scanning force microscopy and strong parametric coupling David Hälg, Thomas Gisler, Shobhna Misra, Eric C Langman, Letizia Catalini, Yeghishe Tsaturyan, Oded Zilberberg, Albert Schliesser, Christian L Degen, Alexander Eichler We report the development of a scanning force microscope based on an ultrasensitive silicon nitride membrane optomechanical transducer and strong parametric coupling of the membrane modes. Our development is made possible by inverting the standard microscope geometry—in our instrument, the substrate is vibrating and the scanning tip is at rest. We present topography images of samples placed on the membrane surface. Our measurements demonstrate that the membrane retains an excellent force sensitivity when loaded with samples and in the presence of a scanning tip. The flexible parametric coupling method can potentially be useful for rapid state control and transfer between modes, and is an important step towards parametric spin sensing experiments with membrane resonators. We discuss the prospects and limitations of our instrument as a quantum-limited force sensor and imaging tool. |
Tuesday, March 15, 2022 4:12PM - 4:24PM |
K33.00007: An improved optomechanical system for measuring the trefoil knot of degeneracies near a triple exceptional point Justin R Lane, Chitres Guria, Yiming Zhang, Yogesh S. S Patil, Jack G. E Harris When the N×N dynamical matrix (or “Hamiltonian”) of an N mode non-Hermitian system is tuned around a closed loop in the vicinity of an exceptional point (EP), the system’s complex eigenvalues trace out a braid. It has recently been experimentally demonstrated that, in a three-mode system (consisting of three vibrational modes of a SiN membrane optomechanically coupled to an optical resonator), the space of double exceptional points (EP2’s) in the vicinity of a triple exceptional point (EP3) forms a trefoil knot, and that the braid traced out by the eigenvalues depends on how the loop encloses this knot. However, experimentally verifying this structure involves the time-intensive process of measuring eigenvalue spectra throughout a 4-dimensional control space. In this talk we discuss an improved experimental setup in which this process can be made substantially faster. We discuss the prospects for using this device to efficiently raster over the 4-dimensional control space, and for carrying out real time operations in this space. |
Tuesday, March 15, 2022 4:24PM - 5:00PM |
K33.00008: Quantum back-action and entanglement in microwave optomechanics Invited Speaker: Mika Sillanpaa Quantum mechanics sets a limit for the precision of continuous measurement of the position of an oscillator. Mechanical oscillators affected by radiation pressure forces allow to explore such quantum limits in measurement and amplification. An interesting setup for the purpose consists of superconducting microwave cavities coupled to a micromechanical vibrating membranes. We show how it is possible to measure an oscillator without quantum back-action of the measurement by constructing one effective oscillator from two physical oscillators. We realize such a quantum mechanics-free subsystem using two micromechanical oscillators, and show the measurements of two collective quadratures while evading the quantum back-action by 8 decibels on both of them, obtaining a total noise within a factor of 2 of the full quantum limit. By perturbing the measurement slightly, such measurements could be used to generate stabilized entanglement between two macroscopic mechanical oscillators. This prepares a canonical entangled state known as the two-mode squeezed state. It corresponds to the variances of collective position and momentum quadratures being reduced below the quantum zero-point fluctuations level. Moreover, our approach allows for full tomographic characterization of the prepared entangled state. We carry out this measurement, and verify the existence of entanglement in the steady state by direct access to fluctuations in all the collective motional quadratures. |
Tuesday, March 15, 2022 5:00PM - 5:12PM |
K33.00009: Design of an optomagnonic crystal: Towards optimal magnon-photon mode matching at the microscale Jasmin Graf, Sanchar Sharma, Hans Huebl, Silvia Viola Kusminskiy We put forward the concept of an optomagnonic crystal: a periodically patterned structure at the microscale based on a magnetic dielectric, which can co-localize magnon and photon modes. The co-localization in small volumes can result in large values of the photon-magnon coupling at the single quanta level, which opens perspectives for quantum information processing and quantum conversion schemes with these systems. We study theoretically a simple geometry consisting of a one-dimensional array of holes with an abrupt defect, considering the ferrimagnet yttrium iron garnet (YIG) as the basis material. We show that both magnon and photon modes can be localized at the defect, and use symmetry arguments to select an optimal pair of modes in order to maximize the coupling. We show that an optomagnonic coupling in the kHz range is achievable in this geometry, and discuss possible optimization routes in order to improve both coupling strengths and optical losses. |
Tuesday, March 15, 2022 5:12PM - 5:24PM |
K33.00010: Broadband sensitivity improvement and back-action evasion via coherent quantum feedback with PT-symmetry Xiang Li, Maxim Goryachev, Yiqiu Ma, Michael E Tobar, Chunnong Zhao, rana X adhikari, Yanbei Chen Conventional resonant detectors are subject to bandwidth-peak sensitivity trade-off, which can be traced back to the quantum Cramer-Rao Bound. Anomalous dispersion has been shown to improve it by signal amplification while leading to instability. We propose a stable quantum amplifier enabled by two-mode non-degenerate parametric amplification. Operated at the threshold, one amplifier mode is PT-symmetric to the original detector mode. Our scheme is applicable to all linear systems operating at fundamental limits. Sensitivity improvements are shown for laser-interferometric gravitational-wave detectors and microwave cavity axion detectors. For gravitational-wave detectors, we further proposed a more complete PT-symmetry structure to include the test mass and, therefore, to compensate for the measurement backaction. |
Tuesday, March 15, 2022 5:24PM - 5:36PM |
K33.00011: Microwave frequency comb generation in a niobium-based superconducting electromechanical device Younghun Ryu, Junghyun Shin, Seung-Bo Shim, Hyoungsoon Choi, Junho Suh, Jinwoong Cha Superconducting electromechanical devices realize optomechanical coupling between microwave photons and mechanical phonons. To date, most optomechanical phenomena like back-action cooling and amplification can be sufficiently explained based on the linear approximation of the coupling. Here, we study the regime where this linear approximation no longer holds due to the presence of intense microwave and mechanical excitations. This nonlinear photon-phonon interaction results in an optomechanical instability which leads to the generation of a frequency comb with a frequency spacing precisely locked to the mechanical resonant frequency (8 MHz). We explore the dynamics of the frequency combs in both the frequency- and time-domains, and investigate the behavior their threshold pump powers for different pump frequencies as well as for different cavity decay rates. Finally, we numerically model our system considering the optomechanical coupling and confirm that the results match well with our experimental data. Since the information of mechanical systems is contained in GHz pulse trains, the use of electromechanical combs could enable fast electrical readout of mechanical frequencies useful to nanomechanical sensing. |
Tuesday, March 15, 2022 5:36PM - 5:48PM |
K33.00012: Experimental Test of Quantum Gravity Induced Non-locality Using a Liquid Helium Filled Cavity Yiqi Wang, Yogesh S. S Patil, Jiaxin Yu, Jinyong Ma, Jakob Reichel, Jack G. E Harris Mesoscopic mechanical devices in the quantum regime can play a key role in quantum sensing, including in tests of quantum gravity and in dark matter searches. A number of these applications require the generation of high-amplitude quantum coherent states in large-mass systems. Here we present measurements of the state purity of a strongly-driven acoustic mode of a nanogram-scale superfluid resonator. We use photon counting techniques to measure the mode’s phonon-phonon correlations and observe that these correlations evolve from bunched statistics for very low drives to Poissonian statistics for strong drives. Quantitative analysis of this data shows that the state maintains a roughly constant variance (~2 phonons) even while being displaced by up to 105 phonons. We use these measurements (together with the analysis proposed in Ref. [1]) to constrain the quantum gravity non-locality length down to 10-18 m. |
Tuesday, March 15, 2022 5:48PM - 6:00PM |
K33.00013: Novel and universal Gaussian control of hybrid bosonic quantum systems Mengzhen Zhang, Shoumik Chowdhury, Liang Jiang The ability to control interactions between bosonic modes is crucial for bosonic quantum information processing and plays an important role in the design of hybrid quantum computers and networks. In theory, general interfaces can be constructed through complicated combinations of quantum transducers. However, the key building block of quantum transducers as well as the other more general Gaussian operations —namely, clean two-mode beam-splitters— are largely unavailable in hybrid quantum systems, due to practical experimental imperfections such as undesired coupling to auxiliary modes. Moreover, constructing interfaces using quantum transducers often sacrifices hardware efficiency. To tackle these challenges, we utilize the mathematical structure of multi-mode bosonic interactions induced by the fundamental canonical quantization relations. Starting from a generic coupler characterized by a Gaussian unitary operation, we develop a universal scheme that can construct general target Gaussian operations on desired subset of bosonic modes, while decoupling them from the undesired modes. Our scheme is hardware-aware: just a given bosonic interaction implemented multiple times and the ability to perform single-mode Gaussian unitary operations, both of which are readily available in experimental settings. This scheme can also be implemented using a constant overhead in the generic case, thus enabling efficient Gaussian operation construction. |
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