Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2022
Volume 67, Number 3
Monday–Friday, March 14–18, 2022; Chicago
Session F29: Solid-Fluid Coupled Melting and Dissolution Dynamics Shaped Landscape EvolutionInvited Live Streamed
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Sponsoring Units: DFD Chair: Michael Berhanu, Paris Diderot University Room: McCormick Place W-190B |
Tuesday, March 15, 2022 8:00AM - 8:36AM |
F29.00001: Icy dissolution and patterns in the cryosphere Invited Speaker: Justin C Burton There are few components of Earth's surface that have shaped its evolution more than ice. Spanning length scales from rivers to mountain glaciers, tidewater fjords, and continental ice sheets, the dissolution of ice is happening in real-time as our atmosphere and ocean warms. This talk will review some of the fascinating features and physics of ice dissolution and ablation, and then focus on the ice-ocean boundary in both Greenland and Antarctica, where kilometer-scale icebergs calve, break, melt, and capsize prior to their demise in the open ocean. |
Tuesday, March 15, 2022 8:36AM - 9:12AM |
F29.00002: Rain-driven dissolution Invited Speaker: Sylvain Courrech du Pont A block dissolving into a liquid can adopt different shapes depending on the forcing. The dissolution dynamics depend on the solute transport, which in many cases is controlled by the liquid flow [1-5]. This flow may be imposed externally or buoyancy driven by the dissolution itself that leads to density (concentration) stratifications. Here we address the dissolution of a block when exposed to a rainfall. I will show and compare the results of laboratory experiments and of numerical simulations based on a simplified model, and question natural cases like the limestone forests. |
Tuesday, March 15, 2022 9:12AM - 9:48AM |
F29.00003: The beauty of dissolution shapes: from cylindrical shafts to fractal trees Invited Speaker: Piotr Szymczak Dissolution of porous media introduces a positive feedback between fluid flow and reactant transport triggering hydrochemical instabilities. This leads to the spontaneous appearance of a variety of dissolution shapes, both at macroscale (caves, karst conduits and pinnacles) and at the pore scale. We study the dissolution-induced pattern formation experimentally using two different setups. The first is a microfluidic chip with a gypsum block inserted in between two polycarbonate plates, which is the simplest model of a fracture. The second is a high-pressure flow cell, which we place inside a microCT to observe the formation of the dissolution conduits in real rock samples. |
Tuesday, March 15, 2022 9:48AM - 10:24AM |
F29.00004: Morphological attractors in natural convective dissolution Invited Speaker: Jinzi M Huang Ever-changing geological features on this planet never fail to capture our imagination and inspire new scientific advances. Among them, the formation of stone forests is one striking geomorphology caused by dissolution and fluid-structure interactions in nature. Recent experiments demonstrate how a soluble body placed in a fluid spontaneously forms a dissolution pinnacle — a slender, upward pointing shape that resembles naturally occurring karst pinnacles found in stone forests. This unique shape results from the interplay between interface motion and the natural convective flows driven by the descent of relatively heavy solute. In this talk, we will discuss a class of exact solutions that act as attractors for the shape dynamics in two and three dimensions. Intriguingly, the solutions exhibit large but finite tip curvature without any regularization, and they agree remarkably well with experimental measurements. The relationship between the dimensions of the initial shape and the final state of dissolution may offer a principle for estimating the age and environmental conditions of geological structures. |
Tuesday, March 15, 2022 10:24AM - 11:00AM |
F29.00005: Shaping of dissolving and melting bodies under natural convection Invited Speaker: Sam Pegler The coupling between buoyancy-driven fluid flow and the evolution of a boundary resulting from dissolution or melting presents a rich variety of free-boundary problems, from the melting of an ice cube or iceberg to the sculping of rock spires. We address the problem of the shapes of solids left to melt or dissolve in an ambient fluid driven by stable natural convection along its surface. The theory forms a convective form of a Stefan problem in which the evolution is controlled by a two-way coupling between the shape of the body and stable convection along its surface. Beginning with the boundary-layer equations of free convection, we develop a new model describing the evolution of such bodies in two-dimensional or axisymmetric geometries and analyse it using numerical solution and analytical methods. We find that different initial conditions are found to lead to different fundamental shapes and descent rates. However, we prove that the evolving shape near the tip always forms a parabola. For steeply inclined bodies, there is a more intricate double-decked asymptotic structure to the tip shape comprising a broad 4/3-power intermediate near-tip region connected to a deeper parabola at the finest scale. While this forms a universal structure describing the shape of a sufficiently steep dissolving tip, the shape of the body as a whole (the "outer region") remains dependent on the initial condition for all times. The model results apply universally for any given relationship between density, viscosity, diffusivity and concentration, including two-component convection. A surprising result is that, depending on the initial shape, the tip can either sharpen or blunt with time - this is despite the surface smoothing at all other positions. A new series of laboratory experiments involving the dissolution of cones of sugar candy in water are found to collapse systematically onto our theoretically predicted shapes and descent rates with no adjustable parameters. |
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