Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2022
Volume 67, Number 3
Monday–Friday, March 14–18, 2022; Chicago
Session D37: Hybrid Quantum Systems: TransductionFocus Recordings Available
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Sponsoring Units: DQI Chair: Martin Koppenhoefer, University of Chicago Room: McCormick Place W-194B |
Monday, March 14, 2022 3:00PM - 3:12PM |
D37.00001: Hybrid Piezo-Optomechanics with Brillouin Scattering in Bulk Crystals Taekwan Yoon, David Mason, Vijay Jain, Yiwen Chu, Prashanta Kharel, William Renninger, Yanni D Dahmani, Luigi Frunzio, Peter T Rakich, Robert J Schoelkopf The Brillouin effect is a three-wave mixing process mediating phonons and photons in virtually all media. At cryogenic temperatures, long-lived phonons and high-finesse optical cavities enable strongly coupled Brillouin optomechanical systems. |
Monday, March 14, 2022 3:12PM - 3:24PM |
D37.00002: Microwave-optical quantum transduction based on three-dimensional microwave cavities Changqing Wang, Silvia Zorzetti, Ivan Gonin, Sergey Kazakov, Vyacheslav P Yakovlev Microwave-optical quantum transducers that convert quantum information between microwave and optical frequencies with high fidelity play a crucial role in long-distance quantum networks and quantum sensors and detectors R&D. However, high-efficiency and low-noise quantum transduction in the quantum level remains challenging in the current designs and demonstrations. Here, we have developed a solution of microwave-optical transduction using Fermilab’s three-dimensional high-quality microwave cavities with record-high 2 second coherence time, which brings significant improvement to the transduction efficiency [1]. We will present conceptual design optimization for efficient frequency conversion, as well as the preliminary results on microwave-optical transduction. |
Monday, March 14, 2022 3:24PM - 3:36PM |
D37.00003: Understanding losses in superconducting circuits fabricated on thin silicon membranes for hybrid quantum systems integration William F Kindel, Michael R Miller, Courtney Nordquist, Sueli D Skinner, Charles T Harris, Rupert M Lewis, Matt Eichenfield Dielectric membranes are a promising platform for developing hybrid quantum systems for computing, where superconducting circuits are combined with the long lifetimes of phononic resonators. While there have been advances developing superconducting quantum processors, phononic resonators in thin dielectric membranes can have lifetimes in excess of 1 second, far exceeding the lifetime of any on-chip superconducting circuit. Combining these two technologies requires fabricating superconducting circuits on dielectric membranes. Success depends on understanding and mitigating the losses introduced to the superconducting circuit by the dielectric membranes. We present a study of the loss in superconducting circuits fabricated on silicon membranes using silicon-on-insulator (SOI) chips. We fabricate resonators with various geometries, width of waveguide and impedance, to understand surface and material loss in the SOI system. We present our experimental results and loss analysis including quality factor (Q) measurements at low photon number. SNL is managed and operated by NTESS under DOE NNSA contract DE-NA0003525. |
Monday, March 14, 2022 3:36PM - 3:48PM |
D37.00004: Cavity magnonics with van der Waals antiferromagnet Supriya Mandal, Lucky N Kapoor, Sanat Ghosh, John Jesudasan, Soham Manni, A Thamizhavel, Pratap Raychaudhuri, Vibhor Singh, Mandar M Deshmukh Cavity magnonics with van der Waals (vdW) materials is of recent interest for application in hybrid quantum architecture. We study magnon-photon coupling in a cavity magnonics device based on chromium trichloride (CrCl3), a vdW antiferromagnet, and a coplanar waveguide (CPW) resonator made of niobium nitride (NbN). Intrinsic disorder of NbN helps in preserving high Q against vortex induced losses in a magnetic field. [1] Below Neel temperature, CrCl3 shows two antiferromagnetic resonance (AFMR) modes and several spin wave modes. [2] In a combined system of CrCl3 and NbN resonator, we observe magnon-photon coupling between these modes and the cavity. [1] We report magnon-photon coupling strengths to have an order of magnitude close to the mode frequencies themselves for the AFMR modes. Since excitation and intermodal coupling of the AFMR modes depend on field symmetry, the magnitude and direction of the field provide additional tunability to the hybrid modes. A complex mode dispersion, high magnon-photon coupling strength, magnetic field tunability, and resonance frequencies at GHz make this promising for application in hybrid devices at microwave regime. |
Monday, March 14, 2022 3:48PM - 4:00PM |
D37.00005: Cross-Kerr interaction enhanced coupling in a hybrid electromechanical device Sourav Majumder, Tanmoy Bera, Vibhor Singh Superconducting hybrid devices have emerged as a promising platform for the control of motional states of massive resonators. We report a hybrid electromechanical device consisting of a mechanical resonator coupled to a transmon qubit via the modulation of the Josephson inductance. The qubit readout is performed by coupling to a 3D-microwave cavity. In such a tri-partite system, a large coupling between the mechanical resonator and the microwave photons can be achieved when qubit frequency is tuned close to the cavity mode. However, in the dispersive limit, the direct coupling between the cavity mode and the mechanical resonator can reduce significantly. Here we experimentally show that, in the dispersive limit, the optomechanical coupling can be increased by adding a weak drive near the qubit frequency. Such an enhancement in optomechanical coupling arises from the cross-Kerr interaction between the cavity and the qubit. Our theoretical modeling suggests that such a cross-Kerr interaction can be a valuable resource for the quantum control of the mechanical resonator. |
Monday, March 14, 2022 4:00PM - 4:12PM |
D37.00006: Efficient microwave-optical transduction using high overtone bulk acoustic resonances Terence Blésin, Hao Tian, Anat Siddharth, Rui N Wang, Sunil A Bhave, Tobias J Kippenberg A device capable of converting single quanta of the microwave field to the optical domain is an outstanding endeavor in the context of quantum interconnects between distant superconducting qubits, but likewise can have applications in other fields, such as radio astronomy. A variety of transduction approaches have been proposed and realized, yet none has attained the required vanishing added noises and an efficiency approaching unity. Here we present a new transduction scheme that could satisfy in theory the requirements for quantum coherent bidirectional transduction. Our scheme relies on an intermediary mechanical mode, a high overtone bulk acoustic resonance (HBAR), to couple coherently microwave and optical photons through the piezoelectric and strain-optical effects. The integration of MEMS actuators on the damascene silicon nitride photonic platform allows for very low loss and high power handling, essential for efficient conversion. We will present our theoretical understanding of this system, in particular the analysis of the conversion efficiency through signal flow graphs and the quantization of the piezoelectric interaction. Furthermore, we will expose preliminary experimental results with the first generation of these devices. |
Monday, March 14, 2022 4:12PM - 4:48PM |
D37.00007: Photon-nondestructive quantum networks Invited Speaker: Gerhard Rempe Quantum light-matter systems as information-processing modules constitute an ideal toolbox for future long-distance quantum communication and distributed quantum computation networks. Incorporating optical fiber technology has additional advantages such as miniaturization and novel protocols. Against this backdrop, single atoms in optical cavities have been used, e.g., as passive heralded quantum memories and nondestructive qubit detectors that can speed up a plethora of quantum communication protocols. Several such modules have been connected and employed to realize a nonlocal quantum gate, a novel teleportation protocol and a nondestructive Bell-state detector for distant atoms. Most recently, an optical cavity has been loaded with two individually addressable atoms in order to implement a random-access quantum memory and a scalable quantum-repeater node for secure quantum key distribution. The talk will highlight achievements in this respect and propose photon-nondestructive networks as a promising architecture for quantum science and technology. |
Monday, March 14, 2022 4:48PM - 5:00PM |
D37.00008: Strongly nonlinear kinetic inductance resonators with titanium nitride nanowires Chaitali Joshi, Wenyuan Chen, Henry G LeDuc, Peter K Day, Mohammad Mirhosseini Thin films of disordered superconductors, such as titanium nitride (TiN), exhibit large kinetic inductance (KI), high critical temperature, and low loss in the single-photon regime. The intrinsic Kerr nonlinearity of these films has been previously exploited for microwave parametric conversion, amplification, and detection. These experiments operate in the regime of weak nonlinearity, where dissipation rates exceed the strength of the self-Kerr nonlinearity by several orders of magnitude. Here, we report strongly nonlinear TiN resonators based on a compact nanowire geometry, with a small inductive mode volume V = 10 x 40 x 800 nm3. We characterize the nonlinearity of the fabricated resonators in the single-photon regime using two-tone spectroscopy and report a single-photon Kerr shift to linewidth ratio of 8%. With improved fabrication, our devices are expected to reach the regime of strong quantum nonlinearity, with the potential for junction-free quantum circuits based on KI thin films. |
Monday, March 14, 2022 5:00PM - 5:12PM |
D37.00009: Loss analysis of curved surface acoustic wave resonators for circuit quantum acoustic systems Pablo Aramburu Sanchez, Alec L Emser, Lucas R Sletten, Brendon C Rose, Konrad Lehnert Acoustic systems are a promising platform for building compact resonators that interact with superconducting qubits. Central to this goal is increasing the quality factor Q of surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators. This necessitates the detailed characterization of the dominant loss mechanisms. Here, we analyze 500 MHz SAW resonators on ST-X cut quartz with curved geometry, considering the anisotropy of the substrate. We investigate the loss mechanisms and mode structure of these curved resonators. We describe schemes for mitigating these losses, providing a path for realizing SAW resonators with Q approaching one million. |
Monday, March 14, 2022 5:12PM - 5:24PM |
D37.00010: Coupling electrons on helium to a fast charge detector Niyaz Beysengulov, Camille A Mikolas, Joe M Kitzman, Justin R Lane, Abby G Peterson, Dan Edmunds, David G Rees, Johannes Pollanen The ability to measure a small fraction of an electron charge with high bandwidth (typically > 100 MHz) has made the radio-frequency Single Electron Transistors (rf-SET) a useful tool to study a variety of quantum devices including Cooper-pair boxes, quantum dots, and nanomechanical resonators. Here we present preliminary results on the coupling of quasi-1D electrons floating on the surface of liquid helium to an rf-SET device. In this device, a superconducting SET, located below the liquid helium, capacitively couples to the electron system on the surface of the liquid. Different spatial configurations of the electron system are controlled using gate electrodes and induce a characteristic charge offset on the SET island. Measuring the damping of microwaves from an on-chip LC-tank circuit connected to the SET device enables readout of fast charge dynamics in the electron system. We also investigate the high-frequency response of the surface state electrons at the phase transition between the electron liquid and Wigner solid states. |
Monday, March 14, 2022 5:24PM - 5:36PM |
D37.00011: Hybrid Quantum Sensing of Phonons for Dark Matter Detection Stephen A Lyon, Kyle E Castoria, Arun Persaud, Zhihao Qin, Kathryn Zurek, Thomas Schenkel Dark matter can be inferred through its gravitational interaction, but we currently know little more about it besides that its other interactions with conventional matter are weak. There is a concerted effort to develop detectors for low-mass dark matter, which deposit small amounts of energy. Detectors with meV energy resolution (phonons) would allow one to reach the keV-mass warm dark matter limit, accessing some of the most interesting benchmark dark matter models, and extending the reach to athermal dark matter by three orders of magnitude beyond electronic excitation. However, efficient detection of phonons with negligible background is difficult – 1 kg of an ionic crystal with a 1 meV energy threshold is estimated to have of order one such dark matter event per minute. Here we will discuss a new detector concept which promises to detect 1 meV phonons based on quantum sensing of the spin of quantum-evaporated 3He atoms. We show that 3He atoms can be localized under an electron bound to the helium surface through the local reduction of the surface tension. The nuclear spin of the collected and localized 3He can decohere an electron's spin in a quantum dot-type device. Structures to measure the spin of single electrons bound to a helium surface are under active investigation. |
Monday, March 14, 2022 5:36PM - 5:48PM |
D37.00012: High Density Electrons on a Thin Helium Film over an Amorphous Metal Substrate Kyle E Castoria, Stephen A Lyon Electrons on helium offer a unique platform for understanding two-dimensional electron systems. The high mobilities and low densities characteristic of the system allow us to probe different regimes of phase space than typical solid state structures. However, observing a degenerate liquid has yet to be conclusively demonstrated. This has been difficult due to a hydrodynamic instability which limits electron densities on bulk helium. This restriction can be circumvented by using a thin film of helium, but typically substrate surface roughness can make electron detection difficult. In this work, we use an amorphous metal as a substrate and show that we can stably support densities of electrons that should be Fermi degenerate. The amorphous metal is grown with a surface roughness less than 100pm, and has no grain boundaries that would act to impede electron transport. We have evidence of electron densities around 1011 cm-2, which at 1.8K is expected to be a degenerate liquid. These measurements were taken using a kelvin probe technique, which as we will discuss is dependent on not only the charge density, but also the deformation of the helium surface. |
Monday, March 14, 2022 5:48PM - 6:00PM |
D37.00013: Trapping and manipulating single-electron qubits on solid neon in a hybrid circuit quantum electrodynamics architecture Xianjing Zhou, Gerwin Koolstra, Xufeng Zhang, Ge I Yang, Xu Han, Brennan Dizdar, Divan Ralu, Wei Guo, Kater W Murch, David Schuster, Dafei Jin The promise of quantum computing has driven a persistent quest for new qubit platforms with long coherence, fast operation, and large scalability. Electrons, ubiquitous elementary particles of nonzero charge, spin, and mass, have commonly been perceived as paradigmatic local quantum information carriers. Despite superior controllability and configurability, their practical performance as qubits via either motional or spin states depends critically on their material environment. Here we report our experimental realization of a new qubit platform based upon isolated single electrons trapped on an ultraclean solid neon surface in vacuum. By integrating an electron trap in a circuit quantum electrodynamics architecture, we achieve strong coupling between the motional states of a single electron and a single microwave photon in an on-chip superconducting resonator. Qubit gate operations and dispersive readout are implemented to measure the energy relaxation time T1 of 15 μs and phase coherence time T2 over 200 ns. These results indicate that the electron-on-solid-neon qubit already performs near the state-of-the-art as a charge qubit. |
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