Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2022
Volume 67, Number 3
Monday–Friday, March 14–18, 2022; Chicago
Session D35: Memory and Repeaters for Quantum NetworksFocus Recordings Available
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Sponsoring Units: DQI Chair: Quntao Zhuang, University of Arizona Room: McCormick Place W-193B |
Monday, March 14, 2022 3:00PM - 3:36PM |
D35.00001: Telecom-heralded entanglement distribution between remote, multimode, solid-state quantum memories Invited Speaker: Dario Lago-Rivera Distribution of quantum information through long distances is a basic need in the field of quantum communications. Quantum teleportation is a protocol that uses quantum entanglement as a resource to transmit quantum information between remote parties. The challenge is therefore reduced to distribute entanglement between distant parties. One solution to this problem is to use quantum repeaters, which combine quantum memories and entanglement swapping, and are the cornerstone of a fibre-based long distance entanglement distribution infrastructure.
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Monday, March 14, 2022 3:36PM - 3:48PM |
D35.00002: High-Fidelity Qubit Transfer Between Leaky Memory Blocks Eric Chatterjee, Daniel B Soh, Matt Eichenfield The transfer of qubits between memory blocks serves a central role in establishing a scalable quantum network. A reasonable quantum memory is built upon two coupled quantum field modes, namely, the transceiving mode (such as photons) suitable for propagating in connecting channels and the memory mode (such as phonons) for long-term qubit storage. It is crucial that the coupling between the two modes be dynamically controllable. Here, we consider the transfer of a single qubit from a source to a destination memory block, with the overall system consisting of 4 degrees of freedom. We employ the scattering-Lindbladian-Hamiltonian (SLH) formalism to model the open quantum system and derive the optimal temporal profile of the mode-coupling rate in each memory block for obtaining the maximum quantum-transfer-fidelity, particularly in the presence of intrinsic loss from each of the degrees of freedom. We show that, for the practical example of optomechanical memory blocks, the quantum-transfer-fidelity can reach as high as 96%, given practical resonator parameters. |
Monday, March 14, 2022 3:48PM - 4:00PM |
D35.00003: Progress towards quantum networking and two-fridge entanglement purification using solid-state defects in nanophotonic cavities. Aziza Suleymanzade, Eric A Bersin, Can M Knaut, Daniel Assumpcao, Pieter-Jan C Stas, Yan Qi Huan, YAN-CHENG WEI, Erik Knall, Mihir K Bhaskar, Denis D Sukachev, David Levonian, Bartholomeus Machielse, Marko Loncar, Hongkun Park, Dirk Englund, Mikhail Lukin, Madison M Sutula Silicon vacancy (SiV) centers in diamonds coupled to nanophotonic crystal cavities are a powerful platform that has been used for proof-of-principle demonstrations of efficient single-photon generation, memory-enhanced quantum communication, and optical entanglement of distinguishable emitters. By leveraging long spin coherences of SiV, high cooperativities in cavities, and on-chip scalability, this platform offers powerful tools for the practical realization of long-distance quantum networking. In this talk, I will report on our progress towards a long-distance memory-enhanced quantum communication experiment in the Boston-area quantum network, a collaboration between Harvard, MIT, and Lincoln Labs. In addition, I will overview our current effort towards entanglement purification between two distinct quantum nodes spatially separated by tens of meters and connected by fiber. |
Monday, March 14, 2022 4:00PM - 4:12PM |
D35.00004: Protocols for nearly deterministic parity projection on two photonic qubits Chenxu Liu, Rafail Frantzeskakis, Edwin Barnes, Sophia E Economou Parity projection plays an important role in quantum computing and quantum information processing, especially for photonic systems. The previous attempts to apply parity projection measurements on photonic qubits rely on using probabilistic fusion gates. We present a robust protocol for a nearly deterministic parity projection on two photonic qubits with the help of a matter qubit. The protocol can increase the success probability of linear optical quantum computing schemes. It can also improve the efficiency of generating large graph states by fusing. |
Monday, March 14, 2022 4:12PM - 4:24PM |
D35.00005: Entanglement swapping using low-noise nanowire detectors and off-the-shelf devices Cristian Pena Entanglement swapping, also considered as quantum teleportation of quantum entanglement, underpins the realization of quantum networks. For networks relying on two-photon interference, the performance of such swapping is characterized by the Hong-Ou-Mandel interference visibility. Using fiber-coupled and state of the art low-noise superconducting nanowire single photon detectors, we present measurements of such interference between telecommunication-band photons originating from independent off-the-shelf spontaneous down-conversion sources. The interference is characterized using two and three-fold coincidence detections, finding high visibility in both cases owing to our low-noise photon detectors. Further, the results are supported by a theoretical model based on Gaussian-state characterization functions. Our experiment, integrated within the Fermilab Quantum Network and useful DOE's Quantum Internet Blueprint testbeds suggests that quantum networks can be realized with practical devices. |
Monday, March 14, 2022 4:24PM - 4:36PM |
D35.00006: All-photonic two-way quantum repeaters with multiplexing based on concatenated bosonic and discrete-variable quantum codes Filip D Rozpedek, Kaushik P Seshadreesan, Liang Jiang, Saikat Guha Long distance quantum communication will require use of quantum repeaters which allow for overcoming exponential signal attenuation with distance. One class of such repeaters utilizes quantum error correction to overcome losses in the communication channel. Here we propose a novel strategy of using the Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) code in a two-way repeater architecture with multiplexing. The crucial feature of the GKP code that we make use of, is the fact that GKP qubits easily admit deterministic two-qubit gates, hence allowing for multiplexing without the need for generating large cluster states as proposed in previous all-photonic architectures based on discrete variable codes. Furthermore, thanks to the availability of the analog information generated during the measurement of the GKP qubits, we can design better entanglement swapping procedures. To boost the loss-resilience of our encoded qubits, we consider a concatenation of the GKP code with the discrete variable [[7,1,3]] code which has already proven effective in the context of quantum repeater schemes. We find that our architecture allows for high-rate near-deterministic end-to-end entanglement generation and is resilient to imperfections arising from finite squeezing in the GKP state preparation. |
Monday, March 14, 2022 4:36PM - 4:48PM |
D35.00007: Simulation of Entanglement Generation Between Absorptive Quantum Memories Allen Zang, Alexander Kolar, Tian Zhong, Martin Suchara In this work, we use the Simulator of QUantum Network Communication (SeQUeNCe) [1] developed by our group to simulate entanglement generation between two Atomic Frequency Comb (AFC) quantum memories. To validate our results we compare the simulations with recent experimental work of Lago-Rivera et al. To enable discrete-event simulations of entanglement distribution between multimode solid-state quantum memories, we develop simplified physical device models, including models of AFC quantum memories, beamsplitters, and fiber stretchers. We also develop techniques to simulate density matrix element measurements for the bipartite photonic states retrieved from quantum memories, and implement the entanglement generation and density matrix measurement protocols that control physical layer components. We validate our simplified models by comparing simulations with reported experimental photon counting statistics and interference visibility. Our work extends the usability of the SeQUeNCe simulator for near term quantum network hardware and protocols. |
Monday, March 14, 2022 4:48PM - 5:00PM |
D35.00008: Optimal operation for fidelity estimation of shared entangled states with arbitrary noise and no prior information Liangzhong Ruan Fidelity estimation for entangled states is an essential building block of quantum networks. Practical quantum networks often encounter heterogeneous and correlated noise. Thus, the design of low-error fidelity estimation protocol in the presence of arbitrary noise is an interesting avenue of research. Because a measured state can no longer be used by quantum applications, this work considers a scenario in which the nodes randomly sample part of the entangled qubit pairs for measurement to estimate the fidelity of the unsampled pairs conditioned on the measurement outcome. The study reveals that by evaluating the fidelity conditioned on the measurement outcome, a post-selection of the qubit states is introduced. When a proper measurement operation is selected, this post-selection effect neutralizes the detrimental effect of arbitrary noise. Based on this finding, the proposed measurement operation for fidelity estimation achieves the minimum estimation error in scenarios with arbitrary noise and no prior information. Analysis shows that by using the proposed operation, the estimation efficiency with arbitrary noise is of the same order as that with i.i.d. noise, demostrating the effectivness of the proposed approach in containing the detrimental effect of arbitrary noise. |
Monday, March 14, 2022 5:00PM - 5:12PM |
D35.00009: Towards a useful quantum repeater Francisco Silva, Guus Avis, David Maier, Stephanie Wehner Building the first large-scale quantum network is a highly challenging endeavor. Besides the choice of the most promising hardware platform being contentious, even if there were a clear winner, the precise requirements for its realization would be unknown. Here, we conduct a detailed study on connecting the dutch cities of Delft and Eindhoven via SURFNet's fiber network using a processing node repeater. We investigate setups based on NV centers in diamond, trapped ions and a very general abstract model, taking into account real world fiber data and possible physical locations for hardware placement. To perform this study we have developed a general methodology using NetSquid, a discrete event simulator for quantum networks, as well as optimization tools based on genetic algorithms. Specifically, we show the minimal improvement necessary in relation to present-day hardware parameters to connect the two cities. We compare this real world architecture study with the idealized setting typically considered in the quantum repeater literature, and quantify the difference in requirements. Our analysis provides a Blueprint for realizing a quantum repeater in practice, and showcases limitations in existing studies of idealized situations. We make our simulation and optimization tools freely available, in the hope that this can contribute to bringing the quantum internet online as fast as possible. |
Monday, March 14, 2022 5:12PM - 5:24PM |
D35.00010: A multiqubit interface for trapped ions and travelling photons Viktor Krutianskii, Martin Meraner, Josef Schupp, Marco Canteri, Vojtech Krcmarsky, James Bate, Ben P Lanyon Quantum networks could enable powerful applications in quantum enhanced distributed sensing, timekeeping, cryptography and multiparty protocols. The most remarkable applications of quantum networks require nodes that are intermediate scale quantum computers that can be coupled (entangled) with photons over long distances. Such nodes thus comprise registers of matter qubits capable of memory and quantum-logic, interfaced with photons. We present a multi-qubit telecom-interfaced quantum network node that consists of a string of electrically-trapped ions, coupled to an optical cavity. We experimentally demonstrate the node's capabilities of photon-matter entanglement distribution over long distance, deterministic quantum logic, and quantum memory. Specifically, first we produce trains of single photons, where each photon is entangled with a different ion and show that the entanglement survives up to at least 100 km distance of photon travel in a telecom fibre. Second, using deterministic quantum logic gates on ions we produce 2- and 3- qubit entangled states of the travelling photons by entanglement swapping. Third we exploit the memory capability to realize a quantum repeater protocol over a 50 km fibre channel. |
Monday, March 14, 2022 5:24PM - 5:36PM |
D35.00011: Quantum interference of telecom photons from independent quantum network nodes: Part I - Enabling technologies Kian van der Enden, Arian Stolk, Marie-Christine Roehsner, Jaco Morits, Ronald Hagen, Erwin van Zwet, Theo Lodewijkx, Ronald Hanson Large scale networks where entanglement is generated and exploited between nodes are of great interest for both practical quantum communication applications as well as fundamental tests of nature[1]. The Nitrogen Vacancy (NV) centre in diamond provides currently one of the most advanced nodes, with a recent demonstration of a three-node network [2] showing genuine multi-partite entanglement and entanglement swapping. In order to extend such a network to metropolitan distances, the challenges of broad spectral tuning of emitters and fibre losses need to be addressed. Furthermore, high technical demands for building and controlling distant and independent nodes need to be solved. Here we demonstrate an NV-based platform that overcomes these challenges by employing quantum frequency conversion modules. |
Monday, March 14, 2022 5:36PM - 5:48PM |
D35.00012: Quantum interference of telecom photons from independent quantum network nodes. Part II – Experimental demonstration Arian Stolk, Kian van der Enden, Marie-Christine Roehsner, Jaco Morits, Ronald Hagen, Erwin van Zwet, Theo Lodewijkx, Ronald Hanson Large scale networks where entanglement is generated and exploited between nodes are of great interest for both practical quantum communication applications as well as fundamental tests of nature[1]. The Nitrogen Vacancy (NV) centre in diamond provides currently one of the most advanced nodes, with a recent demonstration of a three-node network [2] showing genuine multi-partite entanglement and entanglement swapping. In order to extend such a network to metropolitan distances, the challenges of broad spectral tuning of emitters and fibre losses need to be addressed. Furthermore, high technical demands for building and controlling distant and independent nodes need to be solved. Here we demonstrate an NV-based platform that overcomes these challenges by employing quantum frequency conversion modules. As a first demonstration of our platform, we measure the indistinguishability between the telecom photons generated in our platform through a Hong-ou Mandel interference experiment and find a visibility well beyond the classical bound. We further present a clear path towards spin-spin entanglement generation using such photons, setting the stage for the realization of metropolitan scale quantum networks. [1] S. Wehner et al, Science 362, (2018) [2] M. Pompili et al, Science 372, (2021) |
Monday, March 14, 2022 5:48PM - 6:00PM |
D35.00013: Quantum network and quantum router based on superconducting circuits Xiang Li The quantum computing devices based on superconducting circuits have already been developed into the stage called Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ), the relevant technologies of fabrication, control and measurement is relatively mature. However, the scaling of superconducting circuits is still hard, thus distributed quantum computation become one of the ways of further enhancing the computing power of the whole system. Then we need to build a quantum network and connect quantum computing devices together. The elementary quantum network is constituded by end notes, quantum repeaters and communication channels. When the scale of the network becomes large, the function of distributing quantum information to different end notes becomes important, so quantum router occurs. Contrary to classical router in classical network, quantum routers are able to route quantum information coherently and form a entanglement state between output channels. There are quantum router prototypes based on three types of physical systems:cavity QED systems、pure linear-optical systems and superconducting circuits in experiment. Although quantum router based on superconducting circuits route microwave photons rather than optical photons with 1.5 microns wavelength, the routing process of quantum router based on superconducting circuits is deterministic rather than probabilistic and the routing efficiency is higher in contrast to that based on cavity QED systems and pure linear-optical systems, which provides application scenarios in at least a small scale quantum network. |
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