Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2021
Volume 66, Number 1
Monday–Friday, March 15–19, 2021; Virtual; Time Zone: Central Daylight Time, USA
Session B31: Hybrid Quantum Photonic SystemsFocus Live
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Sponsoring Units: DQI Chair: Danny Kim, HRL Laboratories, LLC |
Monday, March 15, 2021 11:30AM - 11:42AM Live |
B31.00001: In-situ entanglement generation based on rare-earth quantum memory coupled to a nonlinear cavity (Part II: theoretical analysis) Hoi-Kwan Lau, Hong Qiao, Aashish Clerk, Tian Zhong The performance of conventional spin-ensemble quantum memories are limited by various imperfections associated with transferring photons to the matter-based memory. In this work, we study a novel architecture where a rare-earth-based spin memory directly couples to an entanglement-generating cavity photon source. In this second talk of the series, I will present our theoretical analysis of the generated spin-photon entangled state. I will illustrate that our architecture implicitly generates tripartite entanglement between two photonic outputs and the spins. We find that the entanglement generation and memory retrieval processes require different optimal system parameters. Even in the partly optimized situation, however, I will show that considerable entanglement can be distributed between remote memories. By using appropriate protocols, our system can generate entanglement for both discrete- and continuous-variable quantum information processing schemes. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 11:42AM - 11:54AM Live |
B31.00002: In-situ entanglement generation based on rare-earth quantum memory coupled to a nonlinear cavity (Part I: experimental proposal) Hong Qiao, Hoi-Kwan Lau, Aashish Clerk, Tian Zhong Storage of entangled photons in a quantum memory is critical for optical quantum networks. However, the experimental demonstrations so far face many challenges including source-memory impedance mismatch as well as limited storage times. Here we propose a new scheme that combines a nonlinear optical cavity with an ensemble atomic memory to generate photon-memory entanglement in-situ. In this first talk of the series, we discuss an experiment that consists of an erbium-based solid-state quantum memory coupled to a χ(3) nonlinear resonator. We estimate that our design is able to achieve high cooperativity coupling and multimode memory using 167Er3+ hyperfine levels. We also present the spin coherence characterizations of candidate memory materials (167Er3+:YSO and 167Er3+:Y2O3) that can enable long-distance entanglement distribution between remote memories. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 11:54AM - 12:06PM Live |
B31.00003: Twenty millisecond electron-spin coherence in an erbium doped crystal Marianne Le Dantec, Milos Rancic, Emmanuel Flurin, Denis Vion, Daniel Esteve, Patrice Bertet, Philippe Goldner, Thierry Chanelière, Bertaina Sylvain, Sen Lin, Ren Bao Liu Rare-earth-ions are interesting physical systems because they have long lived states and record coherence times for both the optical and nuclear transitions [1]. Rare-earths with an odd number of electrons are also paramagnetic, with an electron-spin transition at GHz frequencies in magnetic fields less than 1 Tesla. For such transitions, coherence times up to 2 ms have been measured at temperatures greater than 100mK [2]. Here we present our recent EPR results in 50 ppm and 10 ppb Er doped CaWO4. These measurements were recorded in a previously unstudied temperature regime for this material: sub-Kelvin temperature down to 10mK, using a superconducting micro-resonator and a superconducting parametric amplifier [3]. We observe the longest recorded Hahn-echo decay for an electronic spin transition in an Erbium doped material, up to 20 ms. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 12:06PM - 12:18PM Live |
B31.00004: High-rate classical and quantum communication using modulated mode locked laser source with low jitter SNSPDs Andrew Mueller, Boris Korzh, Raju Valivarthi, Maria Spiropulu With high efficiency (>70%), sub-Hz dark count rate, and timing jitter below 15ps, the latest differential-readout Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detectors are best used with novel light sources to demonstrate their true potential. We report on the compelling abilities and applications of a high rate modulated mode locked laser testbed paired with these high performance SNSPDs. By synchronizing a variable repetition rate telecom-band mode locked laser with high speed lithium niobate modulators, we generate ultrashort laser pulses with extinction ratio beyond 60 dB. Detecting these pulses over a high loss channel with low timing jitter opens the door to previously undemonstrated Pulse Position Modulation (PPM) on a 20 GHz clock, a promising advance on the path towards high rate deep space optical communication.We demonstrate PPM encoding characterized by channel capacity metrics that approach theoretical limits. This testbed and detector infrastructure also forms the basis for ongoing high rate quantum commutation research. By pumping a pair generation crystal with the modulated laser we aim to demonstrate entanglement distribution with repetition rates beyond 5 GHz. With this, we set the foundation for practical high rate entanglement-based QKD and teleportation. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 12:18PM - 12:54PM Live |
B31.00005: Scalable quantum systems combining spins in semiconductors, optimized photonics, and Floquet engineering Invited Speaker: Jelena Vuckovic At the core of most quantum technologies, including quantum networks, quantum computers and quantum simulators, is the development of homogeneous, long lived qubits with excellent optical interfaces, and the development of high efficiency and robust optical interconnects for such qubits. To overcome inhomogeneities in semiconductor qubits and in their connections, we have been relying on fast photonics inverse design approach that we have developed and on optimization (Floquet engineering) of the qubits themselves. We illustrate this with our results on color centers in diamond (SiV, SnV) and silicon carbide (VSi in 4H SiC), including efficient and robust photon interfaces and spectrally reconfigurable quantum emitters. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 12:54PM - 1:06PM Live |
B31.00006: Entanglement generation between distant nuclear ensembles in quantum dots Miguel Bello, Monica Benito, Geza Giedke, Gloria Platero Entanglement is an important resource for quantum information processing applications. We propose a protocol for the deterministic generation of entanglement between two ensembles of nuclei surrounding two distant quantum dots which are connected via an electronic bus. The protocol relies on the injection of electrons with definite polarization in each quantum dot and the coherent transfer of electrons from one quantum dot to the other. Two different regimes are of potential interest to apply our scheme: On the one hand, the large nuclear ensembles that appear in QDs fabricated with GaAs, InGaAs, and 29Si-rich Si, with a number of nuclei ranging from 100 to 106; on the other, nuclear ensembles with just a few nuclei (< 10) that appear, for example, in purified Si. As we show, our protocol is able to produce stable entanglement in both settings, and it is robust against inhomogeneities and imperfections in the protocol execution. We also discuss how to detect the entanglement experimentally using different entanglement witnesses suitable for each case. Recent experimental developments [1, 2] suggest that our proposal could be implemented in the near term. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 1:06PM - 1:18PM Live |
B31.00007: Optical and spin characterization of erbium-doped yttrium orthovanadate crystal for microwave to optical conversion Tian Xie, Jake Rochman, John G Bartholomew, Andrei Ruskuc, Jonathan M Kindem, Ioana Craiciu, Andrei Faraon Microwave to optical conversion would enable long-distance connectivity of leading quantum hardware such as superconducting qubits. Rare-earth ion is one of the candidate platforms for such conversion because of its coherent properties in both optical and microwave domains. Erbium is of particular interest due to its telecom wavelength transitions that are compatible with current telecommunication networks. Using high-resolution spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance methods, we report the optical and spin properties of the erbium-doped yttrium orthovanadate crystal. The narrow inhomogeneities and strong transition dipole moments make the material promising for microwave to optical transduction. We also present an initial demonstration of microwave to optical transduction using this material. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 1:18PM - 1:30PM Live |
B31.00008: Cavity electro-optics in thin-film lithium niobate for microwave-to-optical transduction Jeffrey Holzgrafe, Neil Sinclair, Di Zhu, Amirhassan Shams-Ansari, Marco Colangelo, Yaowen Hu, Mian Zhang, Karl K Berggren, Marko Loncar Cavity electro-optics is a promising approach to creating high efficiency, low noise, and wide bandwidth transduction between microwave and optical fields, which would enable large-scale optical networking of superconducting quantum processors. Here we present a cavity electro-optic transducer in a thin-film lithium niobate platform, which provides strong nonlinearity and low optical loss. We demonstrate on-chip photon transduction efficiency of more than 10-5 with a bandwidth larger than 10 Mhz and characterize the impact of optical absorption in the superconducting microwave resonator on the noise and efficiency of the transducer. Finally, we describe how further development of this platform can achieve near-unity transduction efficiency with low optical pump power. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 1:30PM - 1:42PM Live |
B31.00009: Spin coherence measurement of the singlet-triplet system in a self-assembled quantum dot molecule Kha Tran, Allan S Bracker, Michael K Yakes, Joel Q Grim, Daniel G Gammon, Samuel Carter InGaAs self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) are an excellent source of single photons with many favorable characteristics: high indistinguishability, fast emission rate, and high single photon purity. A quantum dot molecule (QDM) – two vertically stacked QDs, offers further advantages in terms of tunability, spin coherence, and spin readout. With one electron in each dot, the singlet and triplet ground states energies are split by the electron-electron exchange interaction without the need to use a high magnetic field. The antiparallel orientation of the spins protects the system from the nuclear spin bath. As a function of applied bias there also exists a “sweet spot” where the exchange interaction is insensitive to bias. At this point the spin is ideally decoupled from both electric and magnetic fluctuations, enhancing the spin coherence time T*2 compared to a single QD spin. We examine the spin coherence of a system of two QDs separated by a 9 nm tunnel barrier, with an exchange splitting of about 12 GHz. We perform Ramsey interferometry to measure T*2 as a function of bias near the sweet spot. Our results show promise for improved spin coherence times in QDs. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 1:42PM - 1:54PM Live |
B31.00010: Multi-emitter cavity QED with color centers Victoria Norman, Jesse Patton, Richard Theodore Scalettar, Marina Radulaski Solid-state systems of quantum emitters integrated in photonic cavities have emerged as candidates for applications in quantum information processing. Many photonic simulator proposals have harnessed polaritonic physics of the Jaynes-Cummings-Hubbard model of the coupled cavity arrays. Experimentally, these systems have been challenging to realize due to the lack of scalability (typical of quantum dots) or insufficient light-matter interaction strength between individual emitters and cavities (typical of color centers). To circumvent both these obstacles, we explore systems of multiple color centers coupled to cavity arrays. Here, we expand the Tavis-Cummings-Hubbard model to include experimentally informed inhomogeneities in emitter ensembles and observe the cavity-protection effects in the system which recreate polaritonic phenomena seen in the Jaynes-Cummings-Hubbard model. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 1:54PM - 2:06PM Live |
B31.00011: Entanglement in optical circuits based on Mie resonant metastructures integrated with on-chip array of single photon sources Swarnabha Chattaraj, Jiefei Zhang, Siyuan Lu, Anupam Madhukar An essential milestone to scalable on-chip optical quantum information processing (QIP) is realization of entanglement in optical circuits built around on-chip single photon sources (SPSs) in regular arrays [1,2]. We have introduced and analyzed the potential of a single collective Mie resonance of dielectric building blocks (DBBs) based metastructures [3] to provide the needed functions of enhanced emission rate and directionality, state-preserving propagation, splitting, and combining photons emitted by the SPSs of the array over a broad ~10nm wavelength range. Unlike the conventional approach of photonic crystals, the Mie resonance approach ensures spectral matching with the SPS. In this talk we will present: (a) FEM-based simulations of DBB metastructure enabled coupling between distinct SPSs over long range mediated by photons in Mie states resulting in super-radiance; (b) Von-Neumann - Lindblad approach based analysis that shows the emergence of coherence between distant SPSs resulting in entanglement- a critical need towards QIP. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 2:06PM - 2:18PM Not Participating |
B31.00012: Inverse design of immersion metasurfaces for optimal photon collection from solid-state qubits Amelia Klein, Nader Engheta, Lee Bassett Solid-state qubits such as the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond are initialized and measured using optical excitation and single-photon emission. Scalable applications of these systems therefore require efficient optical interfaces that can optimally collect these emitted photons and couple them directly into an optical fiber. A metasurface patterned above the emitter can accomplish both tasks; however, conventional metasurface design techniques prove insufficient for simultaneously optimizing the coupling efficiency and numerical aperture (NA) over the full emission spectrum of atom-scale emitters like the NV center. Here, we employ inverse design techniques to design fabricable structures that optimize the total photon collection from an NV center in bulk diamond into a desired field profile. We demonstrate high performance and a design framework that can readily be adapted to other platforms. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 2:18PM - 2:30PM Live |
B31.00013: Planarized Ordered Uniform Mesa-top Single Quantum Dot Single Photon Source Arrays: A Platform for Scalable Quantum Optical Networks Jiefei Zhang, Qi Huang, Lucas Jordao, Swarnabha Chattaraj, Siyuan Lu, Anupam Madhukar Realization of on-chip scalable optical networks demand ordered and spectrally uniform single photon source (SPS) array. To this end, we have demonstrated such SPSs based on a new class of spatially ordered and spectrally uniform InGaAs/GaAs single quantum dots (SQDs) that reside on nanomesa tops [1,2]. Here we report on binary InAs/GaAs mesa-top SQDs (MTSQDs) in 5×8 arrays exhibiting unprecedented emission nonuniformity of 1.8nm (<2meV) over 1000um2 area with, strikingly, up to 49 pairs and even 2 sets of 6-7 MTSQDs emitting within 0.2nm (280μeV), ready for on-chip tuning to be brought on resonance[3]. These InAs MTSQDs exhibit single photon emission purity >99.5% (g(2)(0)<0.01)[3]. To enable use in optical circuits, the nanomesa array morphology needs to be planarized and we report here the growth protocol for GaAs overlayer that planarizes the MTSQDs and maintains MTSQDs uniformity and single photon emission purity [3]. Such planarized SQD SPS arrays in a GaAs matrix provide the much-awaited platform for realizing quantum optical circuits. Work on integration is underway. |
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