Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2018
Volume 63, Number 1
Monday–Friday, March 5–9, 2018; Los Angeles, California
Session B27: Optomechanics II |
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Sponsoring Units: DAMOP DQI Chair: Amir Safavi-Naeini, Stanford University Room: LACC 404B |
Monday, March 5, 2018 11:15AM - 11:27AM |
B27.00001: Characterization of a Drop of Superfluid Helium Levitated in Vacuum Charles Brown, Glen Harris, Jack Harris Optomechanical systems, in which light interacts with mechanical vibrations, exhibit fascinating nonlinear phenomena that can provide access to the quantum behavior of macroscopic objects. Superfluid liquid helium is a promising material in which to access new regimes of quantum optomechanics, owing to its extremely low optical and mechanical dissipation, its high thermal conductivity, its ability cool itself via evaporation, and its unconventional degrees of freedom (such as vortices and ripplons). In order to construct an optomechanical system made entirely of superfluid He, we have magnetically levitated mm-scale drops of liquid helium in vacuum. Magnetic levitation is expected to remove an important source of dissipation by allowing the device’s mechanical energy and optical energy to be stored entirely within the superfluid drop (in the drop’s surface waves and optical whispering gallery modes, respectively). We will describe characterizations of the levitated drop’s optical, mechanical, and thermal properties. |
Monday, March 5, 2018 11:27AM - 11:39AM |
B27.00002: Trapping a single electron on helium using a superconducting resonator Gerwin Koolstra, Ge Yang, David Schuster Electrons on helium is a unique 2-dimensional system on the interface of superfluid helium and vacuum. The motional and spin states of a single electron trapped on superfluid helium could form an ultra-stable building block of a novel hybrid quantum computer. To trap a single electron on helium, a small electrostatic trap at the tip of a superconducting microwave resonator can serve as a quantum dot. For the first time, we demonstrate electron loading and unloading of such a quantum dot, which is detected through resonance frequency shifts. By repeatedly partially unloading the dot, we show resonant signatures of three, two and one electron(s). Additionally, we discuss properties of the single electron trap and figures of merit for an electron-on-helium qubit. |
Monday, March 5, 2018 11:39AM - 11:51AM |
B27.00003: Detecting continuous gravitational waves with superfluid helium Swati Singh, Laura De Lorenzo, Igor Pikovski, Keith Schwab Direct detection of gravitational waves is opening a new window onto our universe. Here, we study the sensitivity to continuous-wave strain fields of a kg-scale optomechanical system formed by the acoustic motion of superfluid helium-4 parametrically coupled to a superconducting microwave cavity. This narrowband detection scheme can operate at very high Q-factors, while the resonant frequency is tunable through pressurization of the helium in the 0.1–1.5 kHz range. The detector can therefore be tuned to a variety of astrophysical sources and can remain sensitive to a particular source over a long period of time. For thermal noise limited sensitivity, we find that strain fields on the order of h∼ 10-23 / √Hz are detectable. Measuring such strains is possible by implementing state of the art microwave transducer technology. We show that the proposed system can compete with interferometric detectors and potentially surpass the gravitational strain limits set by them for certain pulsar sources within a few months of integration time. |
Monday, March 5, 2018 11:51AM - 12:03PM |
B27.00004: Qubit-assisted transduction for a detection of surface acoustic waves near the quantum limit Atsushi Noguchi, Rekishu Yamazaki, Yutaka Tabuchi, Yasunobu Nakamura Surface acoustic waves (SAW) have recently attracted much interest for hybrid quantum systems as an alternative quantum mode localized on a surface of a material. In piezoelectric materials, SAW can be strongly coupled to electric fields and are widely applied in compact microwave components because of their short wavelength and small losses. SAW can also couple to other physical systems such as superconducting qubit , quantum dots, NV centers, and optical systems through various form of elastic effects. |
Monday, March 5, 2018 12:03PM - 12:15PM |
B27.00005: Implementing high-efficiency measurement chains for near-quantum-limited measurement of mechanical motion in a superconducting microwave optomechanical circuit. Alexey Feofanov, Nathan Bernier, Laszlo Daniel Toth, Tobias Kippenberg Quantum-limited measurement chains are pivotal for many quantum protocols such as real-time feedback or quantum-enhanced metrology. Such measurement chains have been implemented using Josephson parametric amplifiers in qubit control experiments where the control signals are relatively weak. Still, to date, the majority of experiments in the field of microwave optomechanical circuits have been performed with readouts far away from the quantum limit, as implementing such a readout for mechanical motion poses certain challenges: it should feature high gain and bandwidth larger than the frequency of the mechanical oscillator and should allow for strong drives. The results reflecting the actual progress on the experimental implementation of the high-efficiency readout suitable to implement a real-time measurement-based control of a mechanical oscillator in a multi-mode optomechanical circuit will be presented. |
Monday, March 5, 2018 12:15PM - 12:27PM |
B27.00006: Using a superconducting qubit to perform sideband-cooling and measurement of a low frequency mechanical oscillator Jeremie Viennot, Xizheng Ma, Konrad Lehnert Preparation and observation of arbitrary quantum states of motion in a macroscopic object is a challenge in the field of opto- and eletro-mechanics. We demonstrate the first step towards this goal by dispersively coupling a Cooper pair box qubit to a 25 MHz aluminum drumhead mechanical oscillator. Driving sideband transitions, we demonstrate cooling of mechanical motion using a qubit. The large motion-induced AC Stark shift changes the qubit line shape and allows us to detect thermal and coherent motion. Further improvement could allow us to enter the strong dispersive regime in which the single phonon Stark shift exceeds the qubit linewidth. |
Monday, March 5, 2018 12:27PM - 12:39PM |
B27.00007: Optomechanical Measurements of Ultra-Long-Lived Microwave Phonon Modes in a Phononic Bandgap Cavity Gregory MacCabe, Hengjiang Ren, Jie Luo, Justin Cohen, Hengyun Zhou, ANTHONY ARDIZZI, Oskar Painter We present measurements of optomechanical crystal cavity devices (OMCs) based on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) at milliKelvin temperatures engineered with a full three-dimensional phononic bandgap shield. Such devices can exhibit ultra-long-lived phonon modes in the microwave regime, and by optical probing of the phonon dynamics we observe lifetimes as large as τ = 1.21 seconds for the 5 GHz phonon mode in our devices. In addition, we identify several regimes of heating and damping of the high-Q mechanical cavity mode which can be described by coupling to higher frequency phonon baths. With further reduction of these baths caused by unwanted optical absorption heating in our devices, such ultra-long-lived microwave-frequency mechanical modes may become useful in quantum transducers or quantum memory elements incorporating superconducting microwave circuits. To this end, we are developing quasi-2D OMC devices with greatly improved thermal conductance to the milliKelvin environment to enable the study of such microwave phonon modes in the quantum regime. |
Monday, March 5, 2018 12:39PM - 12:51PM |
B27.00008: Low Temperature Ringdown Measurements of GaAs Photonic Crystal Nanobeams Hugh Ramp, Bradley Hauer, Krishna Coimbatore Balram, Kartik Srinivasan, John Davis Recent work done by Balram et al. demonstrated GaAs photonic crystal nanobeams as a potential tool for microwave to optical photon conversion using a room temperature mechanical mode [1]. High efficiency transfer relies on large cooperativity (C>1) between the mechanical and optical modes, which can be achieved by reducing the temperature of the devices to decrease the mechanical damping rate. In my poster, we present preliminary low temperature measurements of the of the 2.4 GHz breathing mode of the GaAs nanobeams, where we use an optical two-pulse technique adapted from Meenehan et al. [2]. Using this technique, we are able to determine the low temperature quality factor of the GaAs nanobeams by observing the ringdown time of the thermal motion in the breathing mode, which would otherwise be obscured by the heating of a continuous optical measurement. |
Monday, March 5, 2018 12:51PM - 1:03PM |
B27.00009: Spin-mechanical coupling of an InAs quantum dot embedded in a mechanical resonator Samuel Carter, Allan Bracker, Michael Yakes, Mijin Kim, Chul Soo Kim, Maxim Zalalutdinov, Garnett Bryant, Joshua Casara, Cyprian Czarnocki, Michael Scheibner, Dan Gammon Coupling quantum systems to mechanical motion is of significant interest as a way of connecting disparate or distant quantum systems, for sensitive detection of motion, and for investigating the quantum limits of motion. Here we demonstrate the integration of InAs quantum dots with GaAs mechanical resonators and show significant strain-induced coupling between the quantum dot and mechanical motion. High resolution photoluminescence of a single quantum dot is measured synchronously with the driven mechanical resonator, showing significant strain induced shifts to the optical transitions of ~240 THz/strain. The effects on both the electron and hole Zeeman splittings are also determined by applying a magnetic field and taking the difference between photoluminescence lines. For an in-plane magnetic field, we measure negligible change in the electron Zeeman splitting but a large change in hole Zeeman splitting of ~7 THz/strain that varies from dot to dot according to the static Zeeman splitting. The large coupling of hole spins to strain is attributed to the stronger spin orbit interaction and the special role that spin orbit interaction plays for in-plane magnetic fields. |
Monday, March 5, 2018 1:03PM - 1:15PM |
B27.00010: Directional phononic network of spin-mechanical resonators Mark Kuzyk, Hailin Wang We describe a design of phononic waveguides that can enable directional transfer of quantum states between spins in distant spin-mechanical resonators. The quantum state transfer can be immune to thermal mechanical noise in the phononic waveguides. This phononic network potentially provides a scalable platform for spin-based quantum computing. |
Monday, March 5, 2018 1:15PM - 1:27PM |
B27.00011: Coherent Coupling between Different Mechanical Modes Matthew Weaver, Jose Luna, Vitaly Fedoseev, Sameer Sonar, Frank Buters, David Newsom, Kier Heeck, Wolfgang Löffler, Dirk Bouwmeester Optomechanical devices have been constructed at many different scales and frequencies. A hybrid system which capitalizes on the advantages of distinct mechanical modes is useful for both quantum information and tests of fundamental physics. We demonstrate this capability with two mechanical resonators: a Si3N4 membrane trampoline and a suspended DBR mirror. We will discuss how we coherently transfer the state of one resonator to the other nondegenerate resonator with two laser tones. We will also discuss a mechanical-optical-mechanical analog to STIRAP for multimode mechanical state transfer. This technique should enable high efficiency state transfer between higher order mechanical modes even in the presence of mechanical and optical losses. |
Monday, March 5, 2018 1:27PM - 1:39PM |
B27.00012: Entangled massive mechanical oscillators Matthew Woolley, Caspar Ockeloen-Korppi, Erno Damskagg, Juha-Matti Pirkkalainen, Aashish Clerk, Francesco Massel, Mika Sillanpää Entangled systems cannot be described independently of each other even though they may have an arbitrarily large spatial separation. Reconciling this property with the inherent uncertainty in quantum states is at the heart of some of the most famous debates in the development of quantum theory. Nonetheless, entanglement nowadays has a solid theoretical and experimental foundation, and it is the crucial resource behind many emerging quantum technologies. A major outstanding goal has been to create and verify the entanglement between the motional states of slowly moving massive objects. Here, we carry out such an experimental demonstration, with the moving bodies realized as two micromechanical oscillators coupled to a microwave-frequency electromagnetic cavity that is used to create and stabilize the entanglement of the center-of-mass motion of the oscillators. We infer the existence of entanglement in the steady state by combining measurement of correlated mechanical fluctuations with an analysis of the microwaves emitted from the cavity. Our work qualitatively extends the range of entangled physical systems, with implications in quantum information processing, precision measurement, and tests of the limits of quantum mechanics. |
Monday, March 5, 2018 1:39PM - 1:51PM |
B27.00013: Tailoring the Dynamics of a Nanomechanical resonator with (Anti)-squashed light David Vitali, Giovanni Di Giuseppe, Massimiliano Rossi, Stefano Zippilli, Nenad Kralj, Riccardo Natali, Enrico Serra, Antonio Borrielli, Gregory Pandraud We have designed and implemented a phase–sensitive closed–loop control scheme to engineer the fluctuations of the pump field which drives an optomechanical system. The feedback loop acts on the driving field and it can be engineered to modify the effect of radiation pressure on the mechanical resonator. We first show that, operating in the counter–intuitive “anti–squashing” regime of positive feedback and increased field fluctuations, sideband cooling of a nanomechanical membrane within an optical cavity is improved by 7.5 dB with respect to the case without feedback. Close to the quantum regime of reduced thermal noise, such scheme would allow going well below the quantum backaction cooling limit, even better than what can be achieved by injecting squeezed light. A further unexpected application of anti-squashed light is that it enables a weakly coupled optomechanical system to display normal-mode splitting, which is a typical signature of strongly-coupled system. In fact in this case the resonator interacts with an effective very narrow cavity mode modified by feedback. |
Monday, March 5, 2018 1:51PM - 2:03PM |
B27.00014: Quantum-limited Directional Amplifiers with Optomechanics Daniel Malz, Laszlo Daniel Toth, Nathan Bernier, Alexey Feofanov, Tobias Kippenberg, Andreas Nunnenkamp Directional amplifiers are an important resource in quantum information processing, as they protect sensitive quantum systems from excess noise. Here, we propose an implementation of phase-preserving and phase-sensitive directional amplifiers for microwave signals in an electromechanical setup comprising two microwave cavities and two mechanical resonators. We show that both can reach their respective quantum limits on added noise. In the reverse direction, they emit thermal noise stemming from the mechanical resonators and we discuss how this noise can be suppressed, a crucial aspect for technological applications. The isolation bandwidth in both is of the order of the mechanical linewidth divided by the amplitude gain. We derive the bandwidth and gain-bandwidth product for both and find that the phase-sensitive amplifier has an unlimited gain-bandwidth product. Our study represents an important step toward flexible, on-chip integrated nonreciprocal amplifiers of microwave signals. |
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