Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2017
Volume 62, Number 4
Monday–Friday, March 13–17, 2017; New Orleans, Louisiana
Session L36: Instrumentation and Measurements I |
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Sponsoring Units: GIMS Room: 299 |
Wednesday, March 15, 2017 11:15AM - 11:27AM |
L36.00001: Multifunctional nanopipette for simultaneous ionic current and potential detection of nanoparticles Namuna Panday, Jin He Nanopipette has been demonstrated as a nanopore type biosensor for DNA, protein, nanoparticle and virus analysis. In the last two decades, nanopore based technologies have made remarkable progress for single entity detection and analysis. Multifunctional nanopipette for multi-parameter detection is a new trend for nanopore based technique. We have developed a technique to fabricate multifunctional nanopipette which contains both nanopore and carbon nanoelectrode (CNE) at the nanopipette tip. It can be quickly, cheaply and reproducibly fabricated from theta pipettes. We have been able to use this multifunctional nanopieptte for simultaneous detection of ionic current and local electrical potential changes during translocation of charged gold nanoparticles (GNPs) which is used as a model experiment. The CNE functions as a local potential probe. We have demonstrated that it can detect the local potential change during translocation of a single GNP as well as collective potential change due to cluster of GNPs outside the nanopore entrance. From the potential change, we can also have insight of motion of GNPs before entering the nanopore. We have also tested insulating and biological NPs with various size and charge. Observed results have shown correlations between ionic current and potential change during translocation of these NPs. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, March 15, 2017 11:27AM - 11:39AM |
L36.00002: Scintillator for low accelerating voltage scanning electron microscopy imaging Christopher Bowser, Marian Tzolov, Nicholas Barbi Scintillators are essential in detecting electrons in SEM. The conventional scintillators such as YAP and YAG have poor response at low accelerating voltages due to a top conductive layer of ITO or Al. We have developed a thin film ZnWO$_{\mathrm{4}}$ scintillator with high photoluminescence quantum efficiency of 60{\%} with enough electrical conductivity to prevent charging. We are showing that the ZnWO$_{\mathrm{4}}$ films are effective in detecting electrons at low accelerating voltages. This makes it a good option for a top layer on crystalline scintillators and we have integrated ZnWO$_{\mathrm{4}}$ with YAP to explore the high response of YAP at high electron energies and the effective response of ZnWO$_{\mathrm{4}}$ at low electron energies. We will compare the spectral intensities over a range of accelerating voltages between 1 and 30kV between the conventional and coupled thin film scintillator. The results are interpreted using a simulation of the depth profile of the electron penetration in the scintillator using CASINO. We have verified the absence of charging by measuring the sum of the secondary and backscattered electron coefficients. We have built detectors with the combined scintillators and we will compare SEM images recorded simultaneously by conventional and ZnWO$_{\mathrm{4}}$-based scintillators. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, March 15, 2017 11:39AM - 11:51AM |
L36.00003: Early‐stage Electrical Breakdown involving Tunneling Harold Hjalmarson, Chris Moore, Peter Schultz, Ezra Bussman, David Scrymgeour, Matt Hopkins The early stage of electrical breakdown from a surface is assumed to involve field emission. In real-world applications, the electrical field is often assumed to be increased by geometrical effects. In addition to these enhancement effects, contamination by adsorbates can lead to reductions in the effective work functions. To develop a physics-based understanding beyond the use of these empirical effects, the field emission currents at early times are being computed and measured. The calculations involve a solution of the Boltzmann equation, and the measurements involve a scanning tunneling microscope. Early results from this collaborative theoretical-experimental project will be described in this presentation. The presentation will focus on results for an ideal system with an absence of geometrical effects. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-mission laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, March 15, 2017 11:51AM - 12:03PM |
L36.00004: Measurement of Ion Damage and Damage Relaxation in Silicon Microdisk Cavities using a Lithium Focused Ion Beam William McGehee, Thomas Michels, Vladimir Aksyuk, Jabez McClelland We selectively damage a silicon microdisk optical cavity using a nanoscale focused ion beam of Li$+$ to observe the dynamics of ion-induced damage in crystalline silicon at room temperature. The 4 keV ion beam is pulsed at the location of the optical mode in the microdisk cavity, generating silicon interstitial-vacancy (IV) pairs in the cavity. This damage changes the effective path length of the cavity corresponding to GHz-scale shifts of the cavity resonances for a millisecond ion pulse at 1 pA beam current. The ion-induced shift of the cavity resonance is measured spectroscopically and allows for measurement of the ion damage at sub-millisecond timescale. The lithium focused ion beam is a NIST-developed instrument that uses a laser cooled gas of atomic lithium as a high brightness source of photoionizied lithium ions which can be focused to a 50 nm spot. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, March 15, 2017 12:03PM - 12:15PM |
L36.00005: Phase-space characterization and optimization of high-brightness electron beams for femtosecond imaging and spectroscopy near the single-shot limit Joseph Williams, Faran Zhou, Tianyin Sun, Phillip Duxbury, Steven Lund, Brandon Zerbe, Chong-Yu Ruan We describe a system and optimization method for generating high-brightness femtosecond (fs) electron beams for imaging, and spectroscopy near the single-shot limit. We study focusability in the energy-time domain through an active atomic grating driven by fs laser pulses and from which the energy and time dispersion, electron dose and coherence length can be simultaneously monitored over controlled parameters, including the electron numbers and focusing strength in transverse and longitudinal directions. We show with tuning of electron optics that conserve the source brightness high performance can be attained. In cases where we focus on the time response, we show ultrahigh speed lattice responses in VO2 leading to phase transition on \textasciitilde 100fs timescale, and sub-100fs time resolution to image active modes is possible through a jitter correction scheme. When tuning the optics for coherent diffraction, transformations of 10nm scale domain structures in TaS2 are transiently resolved, without sacrificing time resolution. Implementing the optics for energy compression leads to opportunities for high dose ultrafast spectroscopy. These results exhibit the abilities of~multi-modality ultrafast imaging and spectroscopy in the next-generation ultrafast electron microscope development. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, March 15, 2017 12:15PM - 12:27PM |
L36.00006: Apertureless scanning near-field microscopy at terahertz frequencies: development and applications H. T. Stinson, J. S. Wu, A. S. Mcleod, J. Ran, A. Sternbach, M. M. Fogler, D. N. Basov We discuss the development of an apertureless near-field scanning microscope capable of nano-scale imaging and spectroscopy measurements in the terahertz frequency range. We describe potential applications of this instrument at both elevated and cryogenic temperatures; such as imaging the metal-insulator transition in vanadium dioxide (VO$_{2}$) thin films,\footnote{Qazilbash et. al., \textbf{Science} 318, 1750 (2007)} and spectroscopy measurements of high-temperature cuprate superconductors.\footnote{Stinson et. al., \textbf{Phys. Rev. B} 90, 014502 (2014)} [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, March 15, 2017 12:27PM - 12:39PM |
L36.00007: The new nanoARPES at MAESTRO of the ALS Roland Koch, Simon Moser, Soren Ulstrup, Luca Moreschini, Chris Jozwiak, Aaron Bostwick, Eli Rotenberg In 2016, the new Microscopic and Electronic STRucture Observatory (MAESTRO) at the Advanced Light Source achieved first commissioning results. This unrivaled experimental system fuses a powerful sample preparation program (glovebox, MBE, PLD) with state of the art photoemission end stations ($\mu$ARPES, PEEM, nanoARPES) -- all of which are connected through an automated UHV transfer system. A particularly novel feature of MAESTRO is its nanoARPES setup. This technique mates the merits of state of the art angle resolved photoemission (ARPES) with spatial resolution presently less than 120 nm, with an eventual goal of less than 50 nm, bringing $k$- and energy resolved electronic contrast on the nano- and mesoscale within reach. In this talk, we will present the key features of this machine and demonstrate its operation in two experimental showcases: data obtained on graphene sheets grown from SiC reveal fascinating landscapes of ``volcanos'' spitting out rivers of ``carbon magma'' at unprecedented resolution. Data on dichalcogenide WS$_2$ nano-plates supported by TiO$_2$ exhibit a wealth of detailed information on its chemical composition and band structure, and directly correlate to the spatially-dependent photoluminescence signal. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, March 15, 2017 12:39PM - 12:51PM |
L36.00008: s-SNOM based microscopy and spectroscopy for nanoscale material characterization Max Eisele Scattering-type Scanning Near-field Optical Microscopy (s-SNOM) is a scanning probe approach to optical microscopy and spectroscopy bypassing the ubiquitous diffraction limit of light to achieve a spatial resolution below 10 nanometer. s-SNOM employs the strong confinement of light at the apex of a sharp metallic AFM tip to create a nanoscale optical hot-spot. Analyzing the scattered light from the tip enables the extraction of the optical properties (dielectric function) of the sample directly below the tip and yields nanoscale resolved images simultaneous to topography. In addition to near-field microscopy the technology has been advanced to enable Fourier-transform spectroscopy (nano-FTIR) on the nanoscale using broadband radiation from the far-infrared to the visible spectral range. This presentation will summarize the latest achievements in the in the field of near-field microscopy and spectroscopy on polymers, biomaterials and 2D materials. In addition, the combination of near-field microscopy with ultrafast pump-probe experiments will be discussed opening a complete new approach solid-state physics where intriguing phenomena like surface plasmons polaritons or carrier relaxation dynamics can be observed with a combined \textless 200fs temporal and \textless 20nm spatial resolution. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, March 15, 2017 12:51PM - 1:03PM |
L36.00009: Utilizing Active Single-Mode Fiber Injection for Speckle Nulling in Exoplanet Characterization Nikita Klimovich, Dimitri Mawet, Garreth Ruane, Wenhao Xuan, Daniel Echeverri, Michael Randolph, Jason Fucik, James Wallace, Ji Wang, Gautam Vasisht, Richard Dekany, Bernard Mennesson, Elodie Choquet, Eugene Serabyn High dispersion coronagraphy is on the critical path to the full characterization of Earth-like exoplanet atmospheres, but such measurements are still limited by the raw contrast between the remaining star speckle field and exoplanet. Using an adaptive optics system, the wave front of the starlight can be modified to create destructive interference at the planet location, reducing the background from the star further. We have demonstrated a new concept for speckle nulling via injecting the directly-imaged planet light into a single-mode fiber, linking a high-contrast adaptively-corrected coronagraph to a high-resolution spectrograph (diffraction-limited or not). The restrictions on the E-field that will couple into the single-mode fiber give the adaptive optics system additional degrees of freedom to suppress the speckle noise on top of destructive interference. Using this technique, we are able to show a significant improvement in starlight suppression at a given location. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, March 15, 2017 1:03PM - 1:15PM |
L36.00010: Superconducting Qubit (transmon) coupled to Surface Acoustic Waves (SAWs) Lingzhen Guo, G\"oran Johansson We work on a hybrid system, which couples the transmon in circuit QED to the propagating mechanical modes of Surface Acoustic Waves (SAWs). This is an analogue of circuit QED system but replacing the microwave photons by SAW phonons. We investigate the quantum dynamics of a single transmon qubit coupled to surface acoustic waves (SAWs) via two distant connection points. Since the acoustic speed is five orders of magnitude slower than the speed of light, the travelling time between the two connection points needs to be taken into account. Therefore, we treat the transmon qubit as a giant atom with a deterministic time delay. We find that the spontaneous emission of the system, formed by the giant atom and the SAWs between its connection points, initially follows a polynomial decay law instead of an exponential one, as would be the case for a small atom. We obtain exact analytical results for the scattering properties of the giant atom up to two-phonon processes by using a diagrammatic approach. The time delay gives rise to novel features in the reflection, transmission, power spectra, and second-order correlation functions of the system. We show that the giant atom can generate entangled phonon pairs, which may have applications in quantum communication. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, March 15, 2017 1:15PM - 1:27PM |
L36.00011: The phononic crystals: An unending quest for tailoring acoustics M. Kushwaha Periodicity (in time or space) is a {\em part and parcel} of every living being: One can see, hear, and feel it. Everyday examples are locomotion, respiration, and heart beat. The reinforced $N$-dimensional periodicity over two or more crystalline solids results in the so-called phononic band-gap crystals. These can have dramatic consequences on the propagation of phonons, vibrations, and sound. The fundamental physics of cleverly fabricated phononic crystals can offer a systematic route to realize the Anderson localization of sound and vibrations. As to the applications, the phononic crystals are envisaged to find ways in the architecture, acoustic waveguides, designing transducers, elastic/acoustic filters, noise control, ultrasonics, medical imaging, and acoustic cloaking, to mention a few. This review focuses on the brief sketch of the progress made in the field that seems to have prospered even more than was originally imagined in the early nineties. [See, e.g., M.S. Kushwaha, Mod. Phys. Kett. B {\bf 30}, 1630004 (2016)]. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, March 15, 2017 1:27PM - 1:39PM |
L36.00012: Abstract Withdrawn
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Wednesday, March 15, 2017 1:39PM - 1:51PM |
L36.00013: Far-Infrared Trapping Detector with Nearly Ideal Response Solomon Woods, James Proctor, Timothy Jung, Jorge Neira We have developed a cryogenic infrared detector with nearly unity quantum efficiency over the spectral range from 4 $\mu $m to 24 $\mu $m. This light-trapping device is composed of two Si:As blocked-impurity-band (BIB) detectors in a wedge geometry behind a 1 mm entrance aperture. Operated at a temperature of 10 K, the device exhibits significant responsivity from 2~$\mu $m to 30~$\mu $m and dark current less than 30 nA. Compared to HgCdTe detectors, these silicon-based trapping devices exhibit higher sensitivity, more uniform spatial response, and a spectral range which extends further into the far-infrared. This trap detector could be particularly useful as a mid-infrared and far-infrared transfer standard, with nearly ideal photodetector response at the 10.6 $\mu $m line of CO$_{2}$ lasers. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, March 15, 2017 1:51PM - 2:03PM |
L36.00014: Characterization of a Superconducting Ion Detector Joseph Suttle, Robert McDermott Atom Probe Tomography is one of the most advanced materials analysis techniques available. With this technique, it is possible to reconstruct a three dimensional map of atom locations and species of a sample. An integral part of this technique is an ion detector with high detection efficiency, excellent timing resolution, and the ability to distinguish multiple hits spaced closely in time and space. We have developed a superconducting detector for this application and have characterized it in a field ion microscope. In order to characterize detector efficiency, we have developed an experimental test-bed which incorporates two detectors fabricated on the same chip. These detectors run parallel to each other with a separation that varies across the 25mm$^2$ active area of the device. By examining correlated events across the two interleaved detectors we can infer the detector’s lateral sensing area and efficiency. [Preview Abstract] |
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