Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2016
Volume 61, Number 2
Monday–Friday, March 14–18, 2016; Baltimore, Maryland
Session X4: From Polymer Topology to Performance MaterialsInvited
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Sponsoring Units: DPOLY Chair: Chinedum Osuji, Yale University Room: Ballroom IV |
Friday, March 18, 2016 8:00AM - 8:36AM |
X4.00001: Continuous Liquid Interface Production (CLIP) Invited Speaker: John Tumbleston Continuous liquid interface production (CLIP) can rapidly produce 3D parts using a range of polymeric materials. A DLP-based form of additive manufacturing, CLIP proceeds via projecting a sequence of UV images through an oxygen-permeable, UV-transparent window below a liquid resin bath. A thin uncured liquid layer, or dead zone, is created above the window and maintains a liquid interface below the advancing part. Above the dead zone, the curing part is drawn out of the resin bath creating suction forces that renew reactive liquid resin. The dead zone is created due to oxygen inhibition of photopolymerization, a process that is traditionally a nuisance in other photopolymerization applications. However, for CLIP oxygen inhibition and creation of the dead zone allows for a continuous mode of printing where UV exposure, resin renewal, and part elevation are conducted simultaneously. This continual process is fundamentally different from traditional bottom-up stereolithography printers where these steps must be conducted in separate and discrete steps. Furthermore, the relatively gentle nature of CLIP due to the established dead zone enables the use of unique materials with a wide range of mechanical properties. This presentation will showcase the CLIP technology and provide a detailed picture of interactions between different resin and process parameters. New applications for 3D printing that span the micro- to macro-scale enabled by CLIP's combination of unique materials and part production speed will also be presented. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, March 18, 2016 8:36AM - 9:12AM |
X4.00002: Polymer Grafted Nanoparticle Assemblies: From Optical to Mechanical Performance through Clusters, Monolayers and Monoliths Invited Speaker: Richard Vaia Solution or melt-based fabrication of large area, matrix-free, ordered assemblies of polymer grafted nanoparticles (PGN) will enable additive manufacturing of novel membrane, electronic, and photonic elements. Due to the single component nature of these hybrids, aggregation and phase separation common in blended polymer nanocomposites are avoided. Architecturally, PGNs combine characteristics of colloids, brushes and high molecular weight polymers. Thus the processing-structure-property relationship of the entangled PGN assembly is unique from analogous condensed nano-structures, such as ligand stabilized nanoparticles, hard-sphere colloids, star macromolecules and linear chain -- nanoparticle blends. Here in, we will discuss the intermediate character of PGNs with respect to deformability, physical aging, and rapid fabrication of stable, large-area, ordered PGN monolayers. For example, processing via flow coating follows that of classic colloids; however local structure and order within the PGN assembly is determined by the canopy architecture and substrate interactions. From this insight, large-area (cm2), highly-ordered, monolayer polystyrene-Au nanoparticle films that are resistant to de-wetting can be fabricated on substrates with high interface energy (80 mN/m) within seconds using flow-coating and a volatile solvent (THF). Overall these findings imply intriguing parallels between PGN assemblies and other mesoscale ordered polymeric systems including hard-soft block copolymers and semi-crystalline polymers. With the appropriate corona architecture, PGNs afford opportunities to design high inorganic fraction hybrids that retain processibility and enable the creation of films and fibers for next generation optoelectronic applications. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, March 18, 2016 9:12AM - 9:48AM |
X4.00003: Translating polymer physics from the lab to the field Invited Speaker: Jan Genzer Recent years witnessed increased activity in the application of fundamental principles of polymer physics and polymer chemistry in helping solve pressing environmental issues using eco-friendly approaches. We will describe examples of two polymer material platforms, i.e., surface-anchored polymer grafts and silicone elastomers, and their utilization in 1) minimizing non-specific bioadsorption, and 2) removal of metals/toxins and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from contaminated waters. Optimal performance of such materials requires detailed knowledge and tunability of their chemical composition and topology. We will demonstrate that non-specific bioadsorption is heavily reduced on substrates made of PEG-ylated or zwitterionic chemistries whose topologies comprise either gels or polymeric grafts with high areal densities. We will also present an effective method utilizing organic mimics of metallothioneins, high cysteine containing peptides, for removing heavy metals and toxins from contaminated waters. Finally, we will discuss a simple, yet powerful, method of removing VOCs from waters by utilizing silicone elastomers that act as effective ``sponges''. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, March 18, 2016 9:48AM - 10:24AM |
X4.00004: Using Polymer Confinement for Stem Cell Differentiation: 3D Printed vs Molded Scaffolds. Invited Speaker: miriam Rafailovich Additive manufacturing technologies are increasingly being used to replace standard extrusion or molding methods in engineering polymeric biomedical implants, which can be further seeded with cells for tissue regeneration. The principal advantage of this new technology is the ability to print directly from a scan and hence produce parts which are an ideal fit for an individual, eliminating much of the sizing and fitting associated with standard manufacturing methods. The question though arises whether devices which may be macroscopically similar, serve identical functions and are produced from the same material, interact in the same manner with cells and living tissue. Here we show that fundamental differences can exist between 3-D printed and extruded scaffolds which can impact stem cell differentiation and lineage selection. We will show how polymer confinement inherent in these methods affect the printed features on multiple length scales. We will also and how the differentiation of stem cells is affected by substrate heterogeneity in both morphological and mechanical features. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, March 18, 2016 10:24AM - 11:00AM |
X4.00005: Directed self-assembly of performance materials Invited Speaker: Paul Nealey Directed self-assembly (DSA) is a promising strategy for high-volume cost-effective manufacturing at the nanoscale. Over the past decades, manufacturing techniques have been developed with such remarkable efficiency that it is now possible to engineer complex systems of heterogeneous materials at the scale of a few tens of nanometers. Further evolution of these techniques, however, is faced with difficult challenges not only in feasibility of implementation at scales of 10 nm and below, but also in prohibitively high capital equipment costs. Materials that self-assemble, on the other hand, spontaneously form structures at the mesoscale, but the micrometer areas or volumes over which the materials self-assemble with adequate perfection in structure is incommensurate with the macroscopic dimensions of working devices and systems of devices of industrial relevance. Directed Self-Assembly (DSA) refers to the integration of self-assembling materials with traditional manufacturing processes. Here we will discuss DSA of block copolymers to revolutionize sub 10 nm lithography and the manufacture of integrated circuits and storage media, DSA of ex-situ synthesized nanoparticles for applications in nanophotonics, and DSA of liquid crystals for advanced optics. [Preview Abstract] |
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