Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2016
Volume 61, Number 2
Monday–Friday, March 14–18, 2016; Baltimore, Maryland
Session L3: Buckley, Lilienfeld and Onsager Prize SessionInvited
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Sponsoring Units: DCMP GSNP GSOFT Chair: Sharon Glotzer, University of Michigan Room: Ballroom III |
Wednesday, March 16, 2016 11:15AM - 11:51AM |
L3.00001: Photonic Crystals-Inhibited Spontaneous Emission:\\Optical Antennas-Enhanced Spontaneous Emission Invited Speaker: Eli Yablonovitch Photonic crystals are also part of everyday technological life in opto-electronic telecommunication devices that provide us with internet, cloud storage, and email. But photonic crystals have also been identified in nature, in the coloration of peacocks, parrots, chameleons, butterflies and many other species.\\ \\In spite of its broad applicability, the original motivation of photonic crystals was to create a ``bandgap'' in which the spontaneous emission of light would be inhibited. Conversely, the opposite is now possible. The ``optical antenna'' can accelerate spontaneous emission. Over 100 years after the radio antenna, we finally have tiny ``optical antennas'' which can act on molecules and quantum dots. Employing optical antennas, spontaneous light emission can become faster than stimulated emission. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, March 16, 2016 11:51AM - 12:27PM |
L3.00002: Julius Edgar Lilienfeld Prize: Lilienfeld Prize Lecture: Emergent Behavior in Quantum Matter Invited Speaker: David Pines We live in an \textbf{\textit{emergent universe}} in which interactions between the basic building blocks of matter and their environment give rise to unpredicted and unexpected \textbf{\textit{emergent}} behavior at every scale. As physicists we seek to identify the organizing principles responsible for that behavior, construct soluble models that incorporate these, and explain experiment. In this lecture, I illustrate this approach to understanding emergent behavior in quantum matter through three examples: collective modes in electron, helium, and nuclear liquids; the emergence of superconductivity in conventional and unconventional superconductors, nuclei, and neutron stars; and the emergence of heavy electrons in Kondo lattice materials. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, March 16, 2016 12:27PM - 1:03PM |
L3.00003: Lars Onsager Prize: Phase transitions in massive data acquisition Invited Speaker: Marc Mezard The rapid increase in the amount of data that is presently being generated, acquired and processed opens new perspectives in many branches of science. In order to take full advantage of this « data revolution », and to turn it into a major tool for scientific discoveries, new concepts and methods need to be developed, thus allowing us to focus on the extraction of significant information. Referring to the case of compressed sensing, the talk will show how ideas and methods in statistical physics -from spin glass theory to cristal nucleation - can help design faster, less destructive, and more efficient signal acquisition protocols, with possible applications into numerous fields --from magnetic resonance imaging to astronomy, tomography, or gene interaction network reconstruction. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, March 16, 2016 1:03PM - 1:39PM |
L3.00004: Lars Onsager Prize: The mean field solution for Hard Sphere Jamming and a new scenario for the low temperature landscape of glasses. Invited Speaker: Giorgio Parisi In a hard spheres systems particles cannot overlap. Increasing the density we reach a point where most of the particles are blocked and the density cannot be increased any more: this is the jamming point. The jamming point separates the phase, where all the constraint can be satisfied, from an unsatifiable phase, where spheres do have to overlap. A scaling theory of the behavior around the jamming critical point has been formulated and a few critical exponents have been introduced. The exponents are apparently super-universal, as far as they do seem to be independent from the space dimensions. The mean field version of the model (i.e. the infinite dimensions limit) has been solved analytically using broken replica symmetry techniques and the computed critical exponents have been found in a remarkable agreement with three-dimensional and two-dimensional numerical results and experiments. The theory predicts in hard spheres (in glasses) a new transition (the Gardener transition) from the replica symmetric phase to the replica broken phase at high density (at low temperature), in agreement with simulations on hard sphere systems. I will briefly discuss the possible consequences of this new picture on the very low temperature behavior of glasses in the quantum regime. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, March 16, 2016 1:39PM - 2:15PM |
L3.00005: Lars Onsager Prize: Optimization and learning algorithms from the theory of disordered systems Invited Speaker: Riccardo Zecchina The extraction of information from large amounts of data is one of the prominent cross disciplinary challenges in contemporary science. Solving inverse and learning problems over large scale data sets requires the design of efficient optimization algorithms over very large scale networks of constraints. In such a setting, critical phenomena of the type studied in statistical physics of disordered systems often play a crucial role. This observation has lead in the last decade to a cross fertilization between statistical physics, information theory and computer science, with applications in a variety of fields. In particular a deeper geometrical understanding of the ground state structure of random computational problems and novel classes of probabilistic algorithms have emerged. In this talk I will give a brief overview of these conceptual advances and I will discuss the role that subdominant states play in the design of algorithms for large scale optimization problems. I will conclude by showing how these ideas can lead to novel applications in computational neuroscience. [Preview Abstract] |
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