Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2016
Volume 61, Number 2
Monday–Friday, March 14–18, 2016; Baltimore, Maryland
Session H8: Superconductivity: CDW's and Chalcogenides |
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Sponsoring Units: DCMP Room: 304 |
Tuesday, March 15, 2016 2:30PM - 2:42PM |
H8.00001: Universality of commensurate 4$a$-period charge density modulations throughout the cuprate pseudogap regime Andrej Mesaros, Kazuhiro Fujita, Mohammad Hamidian, Hiroshi Eisaki, Shin-ichi Uchida, J.C. Davis, Michael J. Lawler, Eun-Ah Kim Theories for the hole-doped Mott insulator, representing underdoped cuprates, are based upon the strong real space ($r$-space) interactions, and have long predicted a modulation of charge that is commensurate with the underlying lattice. Such a charge density modulation (CDM) state is unrelated to any momentum space ($k$-space) features such as the nesting of regions on a Fermi surface. Experimentally, with increasing hole density, the reported wavevector $Q$ of the CDM diminishes continuously with increasing hole-density as if driven by $k$-space phenomena. Using a novel technique based upon phase-sensitive electronic structure visualization, we demonstrate that the cuprate CDM actually exhibits a commensurate 4$a$-period throughout the entire underdoped region of the $Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_8$ phase diagram. Our technique is designed for extracting $Q$ from inhomogeneous, short-ranged CDM, as the ones observed in experiments. Thus, a strong-interaction $r$-space perspective appears to be relevant to achieving a predictive theory for the cuprate pseudogap regime. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 15, 2016 2:42PM - 2:54PM |
H8.00002: Photoemission spectra of charge density wave states in cuprates Wei-Lin Tu, Peng-Jen Chen, Ting-kuo Lee Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy(ARPES) experiments have reported many exotic properties of cuprates, such as Fermi arc at normal state, two gaps at superconducting state and particle-hole asymmetry at the antinodal direction[1]. On the other hand, a number of inhomogeneous states or so-called charge density waves(CDW) states have also been discovered in cuprates by many experimental groups. The relation between these CDW states and ARPES spectra is unclear. With the help of Gutzwiller projected mean-field theory[2], we can reproduce the quasiparticle spectra in momentum space. The spectra show strong correspondence to the experimental data with afore-mentioned exotic features in it.$\backslash $pard1. I. Vishik et al, PNAS 109, 18332-18337(2012).. Wei-Lin Tu and Ting-Kuo Lee, arXiv: 1505.07728(2015). [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 15, 2016 2:54PM - 3:06PM |
H8.00003: Anisotropic Fermi surface reconstruction in the cuprate superconductor YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_y$ Nicolas Doiron-Leyraud, Olivier Cyr-Choiniere, Sven Badoux, Bastien Michon, Arezoo Afshar, Alexandre Ouellet, Louis Taillefer, Ruixing Liang, Doug Bonn, Walter Hardy Recent X-ray scattering experiments on underdoped YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_y$ have revealed a transition from two-dimensional short-range charge-density wave modulations to a state of three-dimensional long-range charge order as a function of magnetic field [1]. Transport experiments have shown that the Fermi surface reconstruction (FSR) occurs at that transition [2]. To examine the symmetry of this FSR we have measured the thermopower of high-quality single crystals of YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_y$ with dopings p = 0.11 and 0.12 as a function of magnetic field up to 45 T. At low temperatures we observe a clear anisotropy of the Seebeck coefficient between the a and b axes, strong evidence of a uniaxial stripe-like FSR. The onset of this a-b anisotropy as a function of magnetic field and temperature correlates well with other transport, thermodynamic, and diffraction measurements, defining a high-magnetic field and low-temperature long-range quasi-1D charge-ordered state. [1] S. Gerber et al., Science aac6257 (2015). [2] G. Grissonanche et al., arXiv:1508.05486. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 15, 2016 3:06PM - 3:18PM |
H8.00004: Correlation strength and Tc: quantum oscillations in YBa$_{\mathrm{2}}$Cu$_{\mathrm{4}}$O$_{\mathrm{8}}$ under hydrostatic pressure C Putzke, L Malone, S Badoux, B Vignolle, D Vignolles, W Tabis, P Walmsley, M Bird, N.E. Hussey, C Proust, A Carrington The unusual normal state electronic structure of the cuprates is widely believed to be at the heart of understanding high-temperature superconductivity in these materials. Recent quantum oscillation measurements in YBa$_{\mathrm{2}}$Cu$_{\mathrm{3}}$O$_{\mathrm{7-d}}$ (Y123) have found a strong increase in the quasiparticle effective mass close to two separate critical points in the temperature-doping phase diagram [1]. Here we present a study of quantum oscillations in the double chain cuprate superconductor YBa$_{\mathrm{2}}$Cu$_{\mathrm{4}}$O$_{\mathrm{8}}$ (Y124). Instead of varying the doping by changing d (in Y123) we study the evolution of the quantum oscillations under hydrostatic pressure. Pressure increases $T_{c}$ by around 0.6K/kbar, primarily, it is thought, by increasing charge transfer between the chains and planes. Unlike in Y123, where the increase in $T_{c}$ close to optimal doping is accompanied by a strong increase in quasiparticle mass, in Y124 we find that the mass decreases. Our results suggest that the mechanism that leads to the mass enhancement in the cuprates (most likely the emergence of a competing charge density wave instability) does not directly lead to an enhancement of the superconducting critical temperature. References [1]: B.J. Ramshaw \textit{et al.} Science 348, 6232 (2014 [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 15, 2016 3:18PM - 3:30PM |
H8.00005: Spin-fermion model with overlapping hot spots and charge modulation in cuprates. Pavel A. Volkov, Konstantin B. Efetov We study particle-hole instabilities in the framework of the spin-fermion model. In contrast to previous studies, we assume that adjacent hot spots can overlap due to a shallow dispersion of the electron spectrum in the antinodal region and take the effects of a remnant Coulomb interaction into account. We demonstrate that at sufficiently small values $|\varepsilon(\pi,0)-E_{F}|<\Gamma $, where $\Gamma $ is a characteristic energy of the fermion-fermion interaction due to the paramagnons, the leading particle-hole instability is a d-form factor Fermi surface deformation rather than the charge modulation along the Brillouin zone diagonals. At lower temperatures, we find that the deformed Fermi surface is further unstable to formation of a d-form factor charge density wave (CDW) with a wave vector along one of the Brillouin zone axes. These findings can explain the robustness of this order in hole-doped cuprates. The approximations made are justified by a small parameter that allows one an Eliashberg-like treatment. Comparison with experiments suggests that in many cuprate compounds the prerequisites for the proposed scenario are indeed fulfilled and the results obtained may explain important features of the charge modulations observed recently. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 15, 2016 3:30PM - 3:42PM |
H8.00006: X-ray diffraction study of charge density wave fluctuations in La$_{2-x}$Sr$_{x}$CuO$_4$ under uniaxial pressure Thomas Croft, Christopher Lester, Alessandro Bombardi, Benjamin Moser, Stephen Hayden Charge density wave (CDW) order now appears to be a universal feature of the cuprate phase diagram. La$_{2-x}$Sr$_{x}$CuO$_4$ (LSCO) is a canonical example with a simple crystal structure and $T_{\mathrm{CDW}}\sim80$ K. In other 214-cuprates (LBCO, Eu/Nd-LSCO), the onset of CDW order is closely associated with a transition from a low-temperature orthorhombic (LTO) to a low-temperature tetragonal (LTT) phase. Despite lack of long range LTT order in LSCO, several experiments detect the presence of local LTT regions. These may arise from LTO domain boundaries that support the LTT structure and also serve as the origin of the CDW. Here we report X-ray diffraction measurements on LSCO ($x=0.13$) under applied uniaxial strain. The experiment utilized a piezo-based device allowing the sample to be detwinned \emph{in-situ}. In the absence of applied strain, a transition to the LTO phase is observed at $\sim230$ K. LTT type peaks are also observed at this temperature and CDW order is seen to set in $<100$ K. On application of compressive strain, the amplitude and onset temperature of LTT and CDW phases are largely unaffected after removing domain boundaries suggesting these phases originate from a fluctuating state within the bulk and are not simply localized around boundary regions. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 15, 2016 3:42PM - 3:54PM |
H8.00007: Seebeck coefficient of underdoped LSCO in high magnetic fields : Fermi-surface reconstruction by charge-density-wave order Sven Badoux, Arezoo Afshar, Bastien Michon, Alexandre Ouellet, Simon Fortier, Nicolas Doiron-Leyraud, Louis Taillefer, David LeBoeuf, Thomas Croft, Stephen Hayden, Hidenori Takagi, Kazuyoshi Yamada, David Graf The Seebeck coefficient $S$ of the hole-doped cuprate La$_{2-x}$Sr$_x$CuO$_4$~(LSCO) was measured in magnetic fields large enough to suppress superconductivity, for a range of Sr concentrations $x$ in the underdoped regime. For $x = 0.12$, 0.125 and 0.13, $S/T$ is seen to drop upon cooling and become negative at low temperature. The same behavior is observed in the Hall coefficient $R_{\rm H}(T)$. In analogy with other hole-doped cuprates at similar hole concentrations [1-4], the sign change in $S$ and $R_{\rm H}$ shows that the Fermi surface of LSCO undergoes a reconstruction caused by the onset of charge-density-wave modulations. Such modulations have indeed been detected in LSCO by X-ray diffraction in precisely the same doping range [5]. \\ {[1]} D.~LeBoeuf~{\it et al.}, Nature~{\bf 450},~533~(2007).\\ {[2]} D.~LeBoeuf ~{\it et al.}, Phys.~Rev.~B~{\bf 83},~054506~(2011).\\ {[3]} F.~Lalibert\’e~{\it et al.}, Nat.~Commun.~{\bf 2},~432~(2011).\\ {[4]} N.~Doiron-Leyraud~{\it et al.}, Phys.~Rev.~X~{\bf 3},~021019~(2013).\\ {[5]} T.~Croft~{\it et al.}, Phys.~Rev.~B~{\bf 89},~224513~(2014).\\ [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 15, 2016 3:54PM - 4:06PM |
H8.00008: Doping dependence of the charge-density-wave order in HgBa$_{2}$CuO$_{4+\delta}$ Biqiong Yu Following the original discovery of short-range charge-density-wave (CDW) order in the orthorhombic double-layer cuprate YBa$_{2}$Cu$_{3}$O$_{6+\delta}$ (YBCO) below optimal doping, resonant X-ray scattering measurements have revealed that the simple tetragonal single-layer compound HgBa$_{2}$CuO$_{4+\delta}$ (Hg1201; Tc = 71 K) exhibits short-range CDW order as well [1]. Here we report on the doping dependence of the CDW order in Hg1201 and contrast our results with the extensive data available for YBCO [2]. Work done in collaboration with: W. Tabis, G. Yu, M.J. Veit, N. Bari\u{s}i\'{c}, M.K. Chan, C.J. Dorow, X. Zhao, M. Greven (University of Minnesota); M. Bluschke, E. Weschke (BESSY, Berlin); T. Kolodziej, I. Bialo, A. Kozlowski (AGH, Krakow); M. Hepting, H. Gretarsson, M. Le Tacon, M. Minola, B. Keimer (MPI, Stuttgart); Ronny Sutarto (CLS, Saskatoon); Y. Li (PKU, Beijing); L. Braicovich, G. Dellea, G. Ghiringhelli (CNR-SPIN, Milano); A. Kreyssig, M. Ramazanoglu, A.I. Goldman (Iowa State University and Ames Lab); T. Schmitt (PSI, Switzerland). [1] W. Tabis et al., Nature Comm. 5, 5875 (2014), [2] R. Comin and A. Damascelli, arXiv:1509.03313. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 15, 2016 4:06PM - 4:18PM |
H8.00009: Nematicity in Stripe Ordered Cuprates Probed via Resonant X-Ray Scattering Christopher McMahon, Andrew Achkar, Martin Zwiebler, Feizhou He, Ronny Sutarto, Isaiah Djianto, Zhihao Hao, Michel Gingras, Markus Hucker, Genda Gu, Alexandre Revcolevschi, Harry Zhang, Young-June Kim, Jochen Geck, David Hawthorn In underdoped cuprate superconductors, a rich competition occurs between superconductivity and charge density wave (CDW) order. Under debate, however, is whether rotational symmetry breaking (nematicity) also plays a central role - whether it occurs intrinsically and generically or merely as a consequence of other orders. Here we employ resonant x-ray scattering in stripeordered (La,M)$_2$CuO$_4$ to probe the relationship between electronic nematicity of the Cu $3d$ orbitals, structure of the (La,M)$_2$O$_2$ layers and CDW order. We find distinct temperature dependencies of the structure of the (La,M)$_2$O$_2$ layers and the electronic nematicity of the CuO$_2$ planes, with only the latter being enhanced by the onset of CDW order. These results suggest electronic nematicity is an order parameter that is distinct from a purely structural order parameter in underdoped cuprates. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 15, 2016 4:18PM - 4:30PM |
H8.00010: Innovative uses of X-ray FEL and the pulsed magnets: High magnetic field X-ray scattering studies on quantum materials H. Jang, H. Nojiri, S. Gerber, W.-S. Lee, D. Zhu, J.-S. Lee, C.-C. Kao X-ray scattering under high magnetic fields provides unique opportunities for solving many scientific puzzles in quantum materials, such as strongly correlated electron systems. Incorporating high magnetic field capability presents serious challenges at an x-ray facility, including the limitation on the maximum magnetic field even with a DC magnet (up to \textasciitilde 20 Tesla), expensive cost in development, radiation damage, and limited flexibility in the experimental configuration. These challenges are especially important when studying the symmetry broken state induced by the high magnetic field are necessary, for example, exploring intertwined orders between charge density wave (CDW) and high $T_{\mathrm{c}}$ superconductivity. Moreover, a gap in magnetic field strengths has led to many discrepancies and puzzling issues for understanding strongly correlated systems -- is a CDW competing or more intimately intertwined with high-temperature superconductivity. To bridge this gap and resolve these experimental discrepancies, one needs an innovative experimental approach. Here, we will present a new approach to x-ray scattering under high magnetic field up to 28 Teals by taking advantage of brilliant x-ray free electron laser (FEL). The FEL generates sufficiently high photon flux for single shot x-ray scattering experiment. In this talk, we will also present the first demonstration about the field induced CDW order in YBCO Ortho-VIII with 28 Tesla, which show the totally unexpected three-dimensional behavior. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 15, 2016 4:30PM - 4:42PM |
H8.00011: Evidence for charge density wave order in the quasi-1D Superconductor Ta$_4$Pd$_3$Te$_{16}$ Toni Helm*, Robert Kealhofer, Philip J. W. Moll*, Zhenglu Li, Nicholas P. Breznay, Ian Hayes, Felix Flicker, Ross MacDonald, Luis Balicas, Steven Lui, James G. Analytis One dimensional metals are commonly susceptible to electronic instabilities such as density waves. Only recently the ternary Chalcogenide Ta$_4$Pd$_3$Te$_{16}$ (TPT) was observed to superconduct below $T_c=4.6\,$K [1]. Band structure calculations predict a complex multiband Fermi surface in TPT,including strongly nested quasi 1D bands[2]. Despite this one-dimensional character, no evidence for a Peierls transition has been reported and its superconductivity below $T_c$ was suggested to be unconventional. We investigate this puzzle by high-field quantum oscillation experiments and contrast them with first-principles band-structure calculations. Our quantum oscillation experiments in high magnetic fields confirmed the presence of 2D and 3D bands. Our magnetotransport measurements on microstructures fabricated by focused ion beam etching reveal an anomaly above $T_c$, suggesting the onset of charge density wave ordering. [1] W. H. Jiao et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136, 1284 (2014) [2] D. Singh, PRB 90, 144501 (2014) [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 15, 2016 4:42PM - 4:54PM |
H8.00012: Things that make TiSe$_2$ superconducting Ivo Pletikosic, Huixia Luo, Weiwei Xie, Elizabeth Seibel, Jason Krizan, Robert Cava, Tonica Valla The unusual charge density wave phase in TiSe$_2$ is accompanied by superconductivity when electron dopants like copper and palladium are intercalated between the layers of this transition-metal dichalcogenide. But when nominally one-electron donors like tantalum and niobium are brought in to replace titanium, Ti$_{1-x}$Ta$_x$Se$_2$ is superconducting and Ti$_{1-x}$Nb$_x$Se$_2$ not. We investigated by angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES) the origins of this behavior by comparing the electronic band structure of pristine TiSe$_2$ and the two doped compounds. We question whether the effect can be attributed to the differences in electron doping only. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 15, 2016 4:54PM - 5:06PM |
H8.00013: \textbf{Resonance-state-induced superconductivity at high Indium contents in In-doped SnTe} Neel Haldolaarachchige, Quinn Gobson, Weiwei Xie, Morten Nielsen, Satya Kushwaha, Robert Cava We report a reinvestigation of superconducting Sn$_{\mathrm{1-x}}$In$_{\mathrm{x}}$Te at both low and high In doping levels. Analysis of the superconductivity reveals a fundamental change as a function of $x$: the system evolves from a weakly coupled to a strongly coupled superconductor with increasing indium content. Hall Effect measurements further show that the carrier density does not vary linearly with Indium content; indeed at high Indium content, the samples are overall n-type, which is contrary to expectations of the standard picture of In$^{\mathrm{1+}}$ replacing Sn$^{\mathrm{2+}}$ in this material. Density functional theory calculations probing the electronic state of In in SnTe show that it does not act as a trivial hole dopant, but instead forms a distinct, partly flled In 5s - Te 5p hybridized state centered around E$_{\mathrm{F}}$, very different from what is seen for other nominal hole dopants such as Na, Ag, and vacant Sn sites. We conclude that superconducting In-doped SnTe therefore cannot be considered as a simple hole doped semiconductor. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 15, 2016 5:06PM - 5:18PM |
H8.00014: Fermiology of the low carrier density superconductor Tl-doped PbTe, and its non-superconducting analog, Na-doped PbTe. Paula Giraldo-Gallo, Philip Walmsley, Boris Sangiorgio, Michael Fechner, Lisa Buchauer, Benoit Fauque, Scott Riggs, Ross McDonald, Theodore Geballe, Nicola Spaldin, Kamran Behnia, Ian Fisher PbTe is a narrow band gap semiconductor, which can be electron- or hole-doped, obtaining typical carrier densities of the order of 1x10$^{20}$cm$^{-3}$. The only impurity known to produce superconductivity in this host material is Tl, resulting in a maximum critical temperature of 1.5K - an order of magnitude higher that the T$_{c}$ observed in similar low carrier density semiconductors. In this work we performed a full Fermi surface characterization of Pb$_{1-x}$Tl$_{x}$Te, as well as its non-superconducting analog, Pb$_{1-x}$Na$_{x}$Te, via Shubnikov de Haas oscillations in magnetotransport, for magnetic fields up to 35T (DC). Our results show that beyond a critical impurity concentration close to the emergence of superconductivity, there are clear differences in the normal-state carriers. In non-superconducting Pb$_{1-x}$Na$_{x}$Te, all carriers reside at four ellipsoidal pockets of the Fermi surface, while in superconducting Pb$_{1-x}$Tl$_{x}$Te, there is an additional set of carriers, consistent with incoherent resonant impurity levels. The presence or absence of these states at or near the Fermi energy is intimately connected to the presence or absence of superconductivity in doped PbTe. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 15, 2016 5:18PM - 5:30PM |
H8.00015: First-principles Fermi surface of doped PbTe Boris Sangiorgio, Paula Giraldo-Gallo, Michael Fechner, Ian Fisher, Nicola Spaldin PbTe is a narrow-gap semiconductor and one of the leading thermoelectric materials above room temperature. When doped with Tl atoms an unusual superconducting state is observed that persists to $\sim1.5$ K, 1 order of magnitude higher than in non-Tl-based systems. The nature of the superconductivity is not well understood, with a charge Kondo effect suggested as the underlying pairing mechanism. In this study we investigate the electronic properties - in particular the Fermi surface - of doped PbTe using first-principles calculations. First, we use the rigid band approximation to compute de Haas-van Alphen frequencies and compare them to recent quantum-oscillations experiments on Na- and Tl-doped PbTe. With the use of supercells we confirm the usefulness of the rigid-band approximation for Na impurities. In contrast, we find that the electronic properties are strongly affected by Tl impurities: a narrow "impurity band" (originating from hybridization between Tl s and Te p states) is found at the Fermi energy suggesting an electronic instability, such as a charge disproportionation, which is likely relevant for the superconductivity. [Preview Abstract] |
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