Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2016
Volume 61, Number 2
Monday–Friday, March 14–18, 2016; Baltimore, Maryland
Session H52: Optomechanics and Hybrid Systems II: Metrology and Other TopicsFocus
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Sponsoring Units: DAMOP Chair: Mukund Vengalatorre, Cornell University Room: Hilton Baltimore Holiday Ballroom 3 |
Tuesday, March 15, 2016 2:30PM - 3:06PM |
H52.00001: Hybrid atom-membrane optomechanics Invited Speaker: Philipp Treutlein We have realized a hybrid mechanical system in which ultracold atoms and a micromechanical membrane are coupled by radiation pressure forces. The atoms are trapped in an optical lattice, formed by retro-reflection of a laser beam from an optical cavity that contains the membrane as mechanical element. When we laser cool the atoms, we observe that the membrane is sympathetically cooled from ambient to millikelvin temperatures through its interaction with the atoms. Sympathetic cooling with ultracold atoms or ions has previously been used to cool other microscopic systems such as atoms of a different species or molecular ions up to the size of proteins. Here we use it to efficiently cool the fundamental vibrational mode of a macroscopic solid-state system, whose mass exceeds that of the atomic ensemble by ten orders of magnitude. Our hybrid system operates in a regime of large atom-membrane cooperativity. With technical improvements such as cryogenic pre-cooling of the membrane, it enables ground-state cooling and quantum control of mechanical oscillators in a regime where purely optomechanical techniques cannot reach the ground state. References: A. J\"{o}ckel, A. Faber, T. Kampschulte, M. Korppi, M. T. Rakher, and P. Treutlein, Sympathetic cooling of a membrane oscillator in a hybrid mechanical-atomic system, Nature Nanotechnology 10, 55 (2015). B. Vogell, T. Kampschulte, M. T. Rakher, A. Faber, P. Treutlein, K. Hammerer, and P. Zoller, Long distance coupling of a quantum mechanical oscillator to the internal states of an atomic ensemble, New J. Phys. 17, 043044 (2015). B. Vogell, K. Stannigel, P. Zoller, K. Hammerer, M. T. Rakher, M. Korppi, A. J\"{o}ckel, and P. Treutlein, Cavity-enhanced long-distance coupling of an atomic ensemble to a micromechanical membrane, Phys. Rev. A 87, 023816 (2013). [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 15, 2016 3:06PM - 3:18PM |
H52.00002: Detecting continuous gravitational waves with a jug of superfluid Swati Singh, Laura DeLorenzo, Aaron B. Pearlman, Igor Pikovski, Miles Blencowe, Keith Schwab We investigate the sensitivity to narrow band, continuous-wave strain fields of a kg-scale optomechanical system formed by the acoustic motion of superfluid helium-4 parametrically coupled to a super-conducting microwave cavity. This narrowband detection scheme is tunable through pressurization of the helium, thereby making both doppler tracking of astrophysical sources and tuning the detector on/off from the source possible. For reasonable experimental parameters, we find that gravitational metric strain fields from nearby pulsars could be detected with a few weeks of integration time. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 15, 2016 3:18PM - 3:30PM |
H52.00003: Measurement and Applications of Radiation Pressure Dakang Ma, Joseph Garrett, Joseph Murray, Jeremy Munday Light reflected off a material or absorbed within it exerts radiation pressure through the transfer of momentum. Measuring and utilizing radiation pressure have aroused growing interest in a wide spectrum of research fields. Micromechanical transducers and oscillators are good candidates for measuring radiation pressure, but accompanying photothermal effects often obscure the measurement. In this work, we investigate the accurate measurement of the radiation force on microcantilevers in ambient conditions and ways to separate radiation pressure and photothermal effects. Further, we investigate an optically broadband switchable device based on polymer dispersed liquid crystal which has potential applications in solar sails and maneuvering spacecraft without moving parts. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 15, 2016 3:30PM - 3:42PM |
H52.00004: Real-time Measurement of Mechanical Fluctuations in Carbon Nanotube Resonators Ioannis Tsioutsios, Alexandros Tavernarakis, Johann Osmond, Pierre Verlot, Adrian Bachtold Carbon nanotube resonators have been recently shown to hold an exceptional sensing potential, relying on their extremely low mass. As a consequence, they are also expected to transduce the fundamental thermal force into very large motion fluctuations. Recently, an increasing number of theoretical proposals have suggested that this property may strongly affect the vibrational behaviour of carbon nanotube resonators, which has so far remained unobserved. Here we report the first, real-time detection of the thermally-induced vibrations in carbon nanotube resonators with masses in the $10 \ ag$ range. We show that coupling singly-clamped carbon nanotubes to a focused electron beam enables the full access to their mechanical trajectories. Our detailed analysis demonstrates that our devices behave as linear harmonic oscillators undergoing thermally-driven Brownian motion. Our result establish the viability of carbon nanotube resonator technology at room temperature and paves the way towards the observing novel thermodynamics regimes in nanomechanics. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 15, 2016 3:42PM - 3:54PM |
H52.00005: Testing quantum mechanics and quantum gravity with cavity optomechanics David Vitali Cavity optomechanical setups represents a promising platform for testing quantum mechanics and its validity at a macroscopic scale. Here we present two different examples. We first show the result of an experiment which, by a high sensitive measurement of the free evolution of the nanomechanical resonator probed by an optical field, has improved by many orders of magnitude the bounds on commutator deformation parameters which characterize a wide class of approaches to quantum gravity. In the second case we propose an experiment able to discriminate unambiguously collapse models, postulating the existence of intrinsic noise which modifies quantum mechanics and is responsible for the emergence of macroscopic classicality, from standard environmental sources of decoherence. In particular, we show that the stationary state of a trapped nanosphere is particularly sensitive, under specific experimental conditions, to the interplay between the cavity size, the trapping frequency and the momentum diffusion induced by the collapse models, allowing to detect them even in the presence of standard environmental noises. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 15, 2016 3:54PM - 4:06PM |
H52.00006: Torque Magnetometry and Susceptometry using Split-Beam Optomechanical Nanocavities Tayyaba Firdous, Nathanael Wu, Marcelo Wu, Fatemeh Fani Sani, Joseph Losby, Paul Barclay, Mark Freeman A large number of sensitive magnetometry methods are limited to cryogenic operation. We present a highly sensitive torque magnetometer using a photonic crystal optomechanical split-beam nanocavity operating in air at room temperature. The chip-based magnetometer is proficient for probing both the net magnetization and AC susceptibility of individual magnetic microstructures. This is demonstrated through the observation of nanoscale Barkhausen transitions in the magnetic hysteresis of a permalloy thin-film element. Control of the vector direction of the radio frequency drive allows detection of accompanying AC susceptibility terms. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 15, 2016 4:06PM - 4:18PM |
H52.00007: Appearance and disappearance of motional sideband asymmetry in measurement-based control of a mechanical oscillator Vivishek Sudhir, Dalziel Wilson, Ryan Schilling, Hendrik Schuetz, Andreas Nunnenkamp, Tobias Kippenberg Measurement-based feedback provides an avenue to study the delicate interplay between the quantum correlations established during the process of measurement, and their progressive obfuscation when exposed to uncorrelated noise in the form of fundamental quantum fluctuations in the feedback path. Here we demonstrate this tradeoff using a feedback strategy whose objective is to cool a nano-mechanical oscillator close to its ground state. The correlations established due to the measurement are revealed in the appearance of motional sideband asymmetry. The latter, faithfully measured using an optical heterodyne interferometer with an imprecision \textasciitilde 17 dB below that at the standard quantum limit, increases to 6{\%} as the oscillator is feedback cooled to an occupation of 15 phonons. Further increase in the gain of the feedback loop leads to a decrease in the asymmetry. This is due to the addition of unavoidable quantum fluctuations in a feedback amplifier -- photon shot-noise amplified by a homodyne detector in our case. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 15, 2016 4:18PM - 4:30PM |
H52.00008: Enhanced nonlinear interactions in quantum optomechanics via mechanical amplification Nicolas Didier, Marc-Antoine Lemonde, Aashish A. Clerk A key challenge limiting truly quantum behaviour in optomechanical systems is the typically small value of the optomechanical coupling at the single-photon, single-phonon level. We present an approach for exponentially enhancing the single-photon coupling strength in an optomechanical system using only additional linear resources. It allows one to reach the quantum nonlinear regime of optomechanics, where nonlinear effects are observed at the single photon level, even if the bare coupling strength is much smaller than the mechanical frequency and cavity damping rate. Our method is based on using a large amplitude, strongly detuned mechanical parametric drive to amplify mechanical zero-point fluctuations and hence enhance the radiation pressure interaction. It has the further benefit of allowing time-dependent control, enabling pulsed schemes. For a two-cavity optomechanical setup, we show that our scheme generates photon blockade for experimentally accessible parameters, and even makes the production of photonic states with negative Wigner functions possible. We discuss how our method is an example of a more general strategy for enhancing boson-mediated two-particle interactions and nonlinearities. Preprint: arXiv:1509.09238. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 15, 2016 4:30PM - 4:42PM |
H52.00009: Quantum squeezing of a mechanical resonator Chan U Lei, Aaron Weinstein, Junho Suh, Emma Wollman, Keith Schwab Generating nonclassical states of a macroscopic object has been a subject of considerable interest. It offers a route toward fundamental test of quantum mechanics in an unexplored regime. However, a macroscopic quantum state is very susceptible to decoherence due to the environment. One way to generate robust quantum states is quantum reservoir engineering. In this work, we utilize the reservoir engineering scheme developed by Kronwald et al. [1] to generate a steady quantum squeezed state of a micron-scale mechanical oscillator in an electromechanical system. Together with the backaction evading measurement technique [2], we demonstrate a quantum nondemolition measurement of the mechanical quadratures to characterize the quantum squeezed state. By measuring the quadrature variances of the mechanical motion, more than 3dB squeezing below the zero-point level has been achieved. [1] A. Kronwald, F. Marquardt, and A. A. Clerk, Phys. Rev. A 88, 063833 (2013). [2]J. Suh, A. J. Weinstein, C. U. Lei, E. E. Wollman, S. K. Steinke, P. Meystre, A. A. Clerk, and K. C. Schwab, Science 344, 1262 (2014). [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 15, 2016 4:42PM - 4:54PM |
H52.00010: Quantum nondemolition measurement of a nonclassical state of a massive object Florent Lecocq, Jeremy Clark, Raymond Simmonds, Jose Aumentado, John Teufel By coupling a macroscopic mechanical oscillator to two microwave cavities, we simultaneously prepare and monitor a nonclassical steady state of mechanical motion [1]. In each cavity, correlated radiation pressure forces induced by two coherent drives engineer the coupling between the quadratures of light and motion. We first demonstrate the ability to perform a continuous quantum nondemolition measurement of a single mechanical quadrature at a rate that exceeds the mechanical decoherence rate, while avoiding measurement backaction by more than 13dB. Second, we apply this measurement technique to independently verify the preparation of a squeezed state in the mechanical oscillator, resolving quadrature fluctuations 20{\%} below the quantum noise. [1] F.Lecocq, et al, ArXiv 1509.01629 (2015) [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 15, 2016 4:54PM - 5:06PM |
H52.00011: Observation of Nonclassical Radiation Pressure Forces on a Mechanical Oscillator Jeremy Clark, Florent Lecocq, Raymond Simmonds, Jose Aumentado, John Teufel Squeezed states of light are known to be useful for enhancing mechanical displacement sensing since they can be tailored to reduce the ``photon counting noise" that limits the measurement's noise floor. On the other hand, recent experiments in cavity optomechanics have reached measurement regimes where an interrogating light field exerts radiation pressure noise on a mechanical oscillator. One outstanding challenge has been to explore the intersection between such experiments. I will present data obtained using a superconducting cavity optomechanical system wherein a mechanical oscillator is driven by nonclassical radiation pressure imparted by squeezed microwave fields. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 15, 2016 5:06PM - 5:18PM |
H52.00012: Complex squeezing for force measurement beyond the standard quantum limit Sydney Schreppler, Lukas Buchmann, Jonathan Kohler, Nicolas Spethmann, Dan Stamper-Kurn Squeezed quantum states are popular theoretical and experimental means of overcoming precision limits set by quantum mechanics. We identify "complex squeezing'' as time delayed correlations that can in general not be measured using homodyne or heterodyne detection schemes, but nonetheless arise naturally in measurement devices such as optomechanical systems. In this case, the dispersive coupling between a mechanical element and an electromagnetic resonator causes real ponderomotive squeezing at frequencies away from mechanical resonance, but that squeezing becomes complex closer to resonance, where the system can be operated more sensitively for force detection. We describe a measurement protocol sensitive to complex squeezing and show how it can lead to enhanced sensitivity of force measurements using optomechanical oscillators. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 15, 2016 5:18PM - 5:30PM |
H52.00013: Frequency stabilization of single layer graphene oscillators through optical injection locking Samer Houri, Santiago Cartamil Bueno, Warner Venstra Single layer graphene (SLG) drum resonators offer exciting prospects as experimental testbeds for nonlinear dynamics. Recently, photo-thermal induced feedback effects leading to self-oscillations in graphene have been demonstrated [1]. In this paper we examine the phase jitter of self-oscillating SLG, and the means to improve the frequency stability through optical injection locking. The resonator consists of an SLG on top of a 10 micron diameter circular cavity with a cavity depth of 750 nm. By shining a 10 mW He-Ne laser the drum enters a regime of photo-thermally induced self-oscillation. The oscillating SLG suffers from a significant phase noise that can be directly observed in the time domain as random walk of the oscillation period. By applying a lock tone to the oscillator through the application of a modulated blue laser (405 nm), the SLG motion is then phase locked to the applied tone with more than an order of magnitude improvement in its coherence time. The injection locking is also studied as a function of lock signal detuning and power. [1] Barton, Robert A., et al. ``Photothermal self-oscillation and laser cooling of graphene optomechanical systems.'' \textit{Nano letters} 12.9 (2012): 4681-4686. [Preview Abstract] |
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