Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2016
Volume 61, Number 2
Monday–Friday, March 14–18, 2016; Baltimore, Maryland
Session F23: Synthesis, Fabrication and Characterization of NanostructuresFocus
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Sponsoring Units: DMP Chair: Koray Aydin, Northwestern University Room: 322 |
Tuesday, March 15, 2016 11:15AM - 11:27AM |
F23.00001: Direct Writing of Metamaterials Using Atomic Calligraphy Thomas Stark, Jeremy Reeves, Lawrence Barrett, Richard Lally, David Bishop The trend toward creating metamaterials with spectral features at shorter wavelengths demands a concomitant decrease in the minimum feature size. Many fabrication techniques have been developed to meet this challenge, all of which must address competition between resolution and throughput [1]. We fabricate metamaterials using atomic calligraphy, a technique that tackles both the throughput and resolution challenges, and present optical characterization of the metamaterials we fabricate [2]. Atomic calligraphy is a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) based moveable stencil used to fabricate nanostructures. We increase the throughput of this technique by using many stencils in parallel and work toward further enhancing throughput by using a stage system to step the MEMS and repeat fabrication over large areas. Finally, we characterize the infrared response of the metamaterials that we fabricated. This technology can be used to fabricate metamaterials on a host of substrates, including those that are chemically incompatible with or have topological features that preclude them from use with conventional nanofabrication techniques, such as mechanical scaffolds that enable tuning of the metamaterial spectral response. [1] Imboden, M. and Bishop. D.\textit{ Physics Today}. \textbf{2014}, \textit{67} (12), 45-50. [2] Imboden. M. et. al. \textit{Nano Letters}. \textbf{2013}\textit{, 13 }(7), 3379-3384. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 15, 2016 11:27AM - 11:39AM |
F23.00002: Graphene-like Networks in the lattice of Ag, Cu and Al metals Lourdes Salamanca-Riba, Xiaoxiao Ge, Romaine Isaacs, HM Iftekar Jaim, Manfred Wuttig, Sergey Rashkeev, Maija Kuklja, Lianbing Hu Graphene-like networks form in the lattice of metals such as silver, copper and aluminum via an electrocharging assisted process. In this process a high current of \textgreater 80A is applied to the liquid metal containing particles of activated carbon. The resulting material is called M covetic (M$=$Al, Ag Cu). We have previously reported that this process gives rise to carbon nanostructures with sp2 bonding embedded in the lattice of the metal. The carbon bonds to the metal as evidenced by Raman scattering and first principles simulation of the phonon density of states. With this process we have observed that graphene nanoribbons form along preferential crystalline directions and form 3D epitaxial structures with Al and Ag hosts. Bulk Cu covetic was used to deposit films by e-beam deposition and PLD. The PLD films contain higher C content and show higher transmittance (\textasciitilde 90{\%}) and resistance to oxidation than pure copper films of the same thickness. We compare the electrical and mechanical properties of covetics containing C in the 0 to 10 wt {\%} and the transmittance of Cu covetic films compared to pure Cu films of the same thickness. Supported by ONR grant N000141410042 [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 15, 2016 11:39AM - 11:51AM |
F23.00003: Patterned Fabrication of Zinc Oxide Nanowire Arrays Sahar Khan, Thomas Lamson, Huizhong Xu Zinc oxide nanowires possess desirable mechanical, thermodynamic, electrical, and optical properties. Although the hydrothermal growth process can be applied in tolerable growth conditions, the dimension and density of nanowires has a complex dependence on substrate pre-treatment, precursor concentrations, and growth conditions. Precise control of the geometry and density of nanowires as well as the location of nanowires would allow for the fabrication of useful nanowaveguide devices. In this work, we used electron beam lithography to pattern hole arrays in a polymer layer on gold-coated glass substrates and synthesized zinc oxide nanowires inside these holes. Arrays of nanowires with diameters ranging from 50 nm to 140 nm and various spacings were obtained. The transmission of light through these zinc oxide nanowire arrays in a silver film was also studied. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 15, 2016 11:51AM - 12:03PM |
F23.00004: Effect of Ti adhesive layer on individual gold nanodisk surface plasmon resonance Desalegn Tadesse Debu, Pijush Ghosh, David French, Stephen Bauman, Joseph B. Herzog We investigate localized surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of gold nanodisks of various diameter and height fabricated on extremely thin Ti adhesive layers. Dark field scattering measurements reveal significant dependence of SPR in the size nano structures and polarization of the light. Comparisons of peak resonance extracted from spectra using Gaussian fitting of different Ti adhesive layer thickness indicates significant red shifting and damping of the plasmon mode. Experimental results are supported by numerical simulation based on three dimensional finite element time domain analysis. From the simulation and experimental results we quantitatively developed optimized model equation of resonance mode of the nanodisks with respect to adhesive layer thickness and broadening effect of the line shape. Such optimized model is very helpful in guiding targeted nanofabrication such as gold nanodisk antennas or biosensors. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 15, 2016 12:03PM - 12:15PM |
F23.00005: Aluminum Nanowire Arrays via Directed Assembly Nathan T. Nesbitt, Juan M. Merlo, Aaron H. Rose, Yitzi M. Calm, Luke A. D'Imperio, Dave T. Courtney, Steve Shepard, Krzysztof Kempa, Michael J. Burns, Michael J. Naughton Vertically-oriented metal nanowire arrays are rare. Here, freestanding, vertically-oriented, and lithographically-ordered Al nanowire arrays have been fabricated via directed assembly [1]. The fabrication technique is a variation on the preparation of anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) templates, using nanoimprint lithography (NIL) to direct the formation of pores on an Al film and produce Al nanowires. Near-field scanning optical microscope (NSOM) and conventional optical microscope data of a single nanowire lying on glass and illuminated by a laser spot show evidence of surface plasmons propagating along the nanowire. [1] N. T. Nesbitt, J. M. Merlo, A. H. Rose, Y. M. Calm, K. Kempa, M. J. Burns, M. J. Naughton, Nano Lett. (2015), DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02408 [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 15, 2016 12:15PM - 12:27PM |
F23.00006: The total scattering atomic pair distribution function: New methodology for nanostructure analysis. Ahmad Masadeh The conventional xray diffration (XRD) methods probe for the presence of long-range order (periodic structure) which are reflected in the Bragg peaks. Local structural deviations or disorder mainly affect the diffuse scattering intensity. In order to obtain structural information about both long-range order and local structure disorder, a technique that takes in account both Bragg and diffuse scattering need to be employed, such as the atomic pair distribution function (PDF) technique. This work introduces a PDF based methodology to quantitatively investigate nanostructure materials in general. The introduced methodology can be applied to extract quantitatively structural information about structure, crystallinity level, core/shell size, nanoparticle size, and inhomogeneous internal strain in the measured nanoparticles. This method is generally applicable to the characterization of the nano-scale solid, many of which may exhibit complex disorder and strain [1,2] (1) \underline {Ahmad. S. Masadeh}, et al.. Phys. Rev. B 76, 115413 (2007). (2) Xiaohao Yang, \underline {Ahmad S Masadeh}, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics ; 15, 8480 (2013). [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 15, 2016 12:27PM - 12:39PM |
F23.00007: In-situ transmission x-ray microscopy study of photon-induced oxidation of silver nanowires Le Yu, Yugang Sun, Yuxin Wang, Zhonghou Cai, Ping Han, X.M. Cheng Oxidation of metal nanoparticles usually follows a Kirkendall process to transform solid nanoparticles to hollow metal oxide nanoshells. However the morphological trajectory of nanoparticles and the mass diffusion kinetics involved in the nanoscale Kirkendall process are complex. In this presentation we report the use of in-situ transmission x-ray microscopy (TXM) to directly image individual silver nanowires under oxidation atmosphere, which are created from radiolysis of air under illumination of the focused synchrotron x-ray beam. The in-situ results clearly show the morphological transformation from solid silver nanowires to hollow nanotubes in the course of oxidation reaction of silver. Quantitative analysis of the time-resolved TXM images provides unprecedented details on reaction kinetics and mass diffusion kinetics associated with the oxidation process. Work at Bryn Mawr College is supported by NSF grant {\#}1207085. Use of the Advanced Photon Source and the Center for Nanoscale Materials at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 15, 2016 12:39PM - 12:51PM |
F23.00008: Investigation of Carbon incorporation into Al 6061 alloys Xiaoxiao Ge, Lourdes Salamanca Riba, Manfred Wuttig The incorporation of carbon nanostructures into aluminum alloys, such as Al6061 and Al7075, has the potential to further improve the mechanical, electrical and anti-corrosion properties of these alloys. We report on a novel method to incorporate up to 10.0 wt{\%} carbon into the crystal structure of Al 6061 alloys to form a new material ``Al Covetics''. In this method, a DC current is applied to molten Al metal containing activated carbon particles. The current facilitates ionization of the carbon atoms and their bonding to each other, forming graphic chains and layers along preferential directions of the Al lattice. Raman mapping of the G and D peaks of graphitic carbon was used to confirm the role of the current in ensuring that the carbons remain in the metal by electro-static force and spread into the metal matrix evenly. Sp$^{\mathrm{2}}$ bonding of carbon was found all over the surface in the Covetics. Carbon signals were also observed everywhere in Covetics with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy. However, localized carbon signals were detected in samples made with activated carbon but without applying any current. The dependence of the mechanical, electrical and structural properties of Al Covetics on C content from 3 to 10 wt. {\%} will be presented. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 15, 2016 12:51PM - 1:03PM |
F23.00009: Electrical and Optical Characterization of Cobalt Doped Nanostructured ZnO/p-Si Heterojunctions Amrit Kaphle, Echo Adcock Smith, Parameswar Hari, Daniel Crunkleton, Tyler Johannes, Todd Otanicar, Kenneth Roberts In this study we investigated electrical and optical properties of heterojunctions made of cobalt doped ZnO nanorods and Boron doped silicon (p-Si). ZnO nanorods were grown on a seed layer of Zn sputtered on p-Si using a chemical bath deposition technique. Cobalt percentage in the ZnO were varied from 0-20{\%}. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images indicate that the diameter of ZnO nanorods increased with higher cobalt doping. Room temperature photoluminescence shows an increase in the defect peak at 550 nm with increasing doping. Band gap was measured using UV-VIS spectroscopy. In addition, we also performed current-voltage (I-V), capacitance-voltage(C-V) measurements on ZnO/p-Si samples under both dark and illumination conditions. I-V characteristics show good rectifying behavior under dark and illumination conditions. The saturation current, diode ideality factor, carrier concentrations, built in potential, and barrier height were calculated from I-V and C-V measurements. We will discuss the implications of the band gap, I-V, and C-V measurements with variations in cobalt doping concentrations in ZnO/p-Si heterojunctions. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 15, 2016 1:03PM - 1:15PM |
F23.00010: One-dimensional Growth of Zinc Crystals on a Liquid Surface Chenxi Lu, Yi Cheng, Qifa Pan, Xiangming Tao, Bo Yang, Gaoxiang Ye The catalyst-free growth of nanocrystals on various substrates at room temperature has been a long-standing goal in the development of material science. We report the growth of one-dimensional zinc nanocrystals on silicone oil surfaces by thermal evaporation method at room temperature (20 $\pm$ 2 $\rm{^\circ C}$). Uniform zinc nanorods with tunable size can be obtained. The typical length and width of the nanorods are 250-500 nm and 20-40 nm, respectively. The growth mechanism can be attributed to the effect of the liquid substrate and the preferential growth direction of the crystals. This result provides a novel and simple way to fabricate the precursors (zinc crystals) for preparation of Zn-based semiconductors and other metallic crystals on liquid substrates. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 15, 2016 1:15PM - 1:27PM |
F23.00011: Tracking and Removing Br during the Bottom-Up Synthesis of a Graphene Nanoribbon Christopher Bronner, Jonas Bj\"{o}rk, Petra Tegeder Thermally induced, two-step bottom-up synthesis from halogen-substituted molecular precursors adsorbed at metal surfaces is an intriguing concept for obtaining graphene nanoribbons with well-defined edge structure and widths on the nanometer scale. The reaction pathways of the dissociated Br atoms have so far not been in the focus of research although they may very well interfere with the on-surface synthesis. Using temperature-programmed desorption we show that Br leaves the surface as HBr in an associative desorption process during the second reaction step, the cyclodehydrogenation. Density functional theory is employed to compare this process to the competing desorption of molecular hydrogen and furthermore shows that prior to desorption, Br is submerged under the three-dimensional intermediate reaction product, polyanthrylene. Upon exposure of this intermediate co-adsorbate to an atmosphere of molecular hydrogen, Br is removed from the surface but the cyclodehydrogenation step is still feasible which demonstrates that Br does not influence the on-surface synthesis. Generally, the ability to remove Br by providing molecular hydrogen opens an effective way to exclude unfavorable influences of the halogen (e.g. side-products, steric effects) in on-surface coupling reactions. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 15, 2016 1:27PM - 1:39PM |
F23.00012: Synthesis of metal-organic framework films by pore diffusion method. Naohiro Murayama, Yuki Nishimura, Hiroshi Kajiro, Satoru Kishida, Kentaro Kinoshita Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) presents high controllability in designing the nano-scale pore, and this enable molecular storages, catalysts, gas sensors, gas separation membranes, and electronic devices for next-generation. Therefore, a simple method for film synthesis of MOFs compared with conventional methods $^{\mathrm{[1]}}$ is strongly required. In this paper, we provide pore diffusion method, in which a substrate containing constituent metals of MOF is inserted in solution that includes only linker molecules of MOF. As a result, 2D growth of MOF was effectively enhanced, and the formation of flat and dense MOF films was attained. The growth time, $t$, dependence of film thickness, $d$, can be expressed by the relation of $d \quad =$ Aln($t+$1) $+$ B, where A and B are constants. It means that ionized coppers diffuse through the pores of MOFs and the synthesis reaction proceeds at the MOF/solvent interface. We demonstrated the fabrication of a HKUST-1/Cu-TPA hetero structure by synthesizing a Cu-TPA film continuously after the growth of a HKUST-1 film on the CuO$_{\mathrm{x}}$ substrate. [1] Denise Zacher \textit{et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.} \underline {50}, 176 (2011). [Preview Abstract] |
(Author Not Attending)
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F23.00013: Glancing angle deposited villi-like nanostructures for enhanced chemo-resistive performances Hi Gyu Moon, Youngmo Jung, Taikjin Lee, Seok Lee, Hyung-Ho Park, Chulki Kim, Chong-Yun Kang Metal oxide nanostructures have attracted enormous attention for diverse applications such as solar cells, nanogenerators, nanolasers, optoelectronic devices and chemoresistive sensor. To achieve the enhanced electrical properties for these applications, one-dimensional (1D) metal oxide materials including nanowires, nanorods, nanotubes and nanobelts have been widely studied. However, the use of 1D nanomaterials as chemoresistive sensors is still in the beginning stage in how to integrate them. As an alternative, porous thin films based on 1D metal oxide nanostructures are considered as more desirable configuration due to their simplicity in synthesis, high reproducibility. In this study, we propose facile synthesis and self-assembled villi-like nanofingers (VLNF) WO$_{3}$ thin films with large specific surface area on the SiO$_{2}$/Si substrate. Room-temperature glancing angle deposition of WO$_{3}$ by a simple controlling in both polar and azimuthal directions resulted in anisotropic nanostructures with large aspect ratio and porous structures with a relative surface area of 350 m$^{2}$/g. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 15, 2016 1:51PM - 2:03PM |
F23.00014: Replace this text with your abstract title. Yang Li, Andrew DiLullo, Brandon Fisher, Saw-Wai Hla We investigate the interaction of graphene nanoribbon (GNR) with cobalt-porphyrin (Co-TBrPP) molecules using low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), tunneling spectroscopy, and atomic/molecular manipulation schemes. GNRs are formed by fusing 10,10'-dibromo-9,9'-bianthryl molecules on a Au(111) surface. Due to a weak binding, the Co-TBrPP molecules are mobile on GNR. The lateral manipulation scheme using the STM tip is employed to investigate the diffusion of the molecule on this surface. Guided by the edges of the GNR, the molecules diffuse in one-dimensional paths. We will also discuss the electronic properties of Co-TBrPP on GNR measured by using tunneling spectroscopy and spectroscopic mapping. We acknowledge the support of DOE SISGR grant: DE-FG02-09ER16109. [Preview Abstract] |
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