Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2014
Volume 59, Number 1
Monday–Friday, March 3–7, 2014; Denver, Colorado
Session D50: Focus Session: Nanostructrues and Metamaterials: Synthesis, Fabrication, and Characterization |
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Sponsoring Units: DMP Chair: Jon Schuller, University of California, Santa Barbara Room: Mile High Ballroom 1D |
Monday, March 3, 2014 2:30PM - 3:06PM |
D50.00001: Meta-Optics Invited Speaker: Nader Engheta As the fields of metamaterial and plasmonic nanophotonics reach certain levels of development, new directions and novel vistas appear in the horizon. Modularization, parameterization and functionalization of metamaterials may be exploited to provide new functionalities and applications stemming from such interesting platforms of ``meta-optics.'' Indeed, the metamaterial ``forms'' may lead to novel ``functions.'' These may include metamaterial ``bits'' and ``bytes'' as building blocks for digitizing metamaterials, ``optical metatronics'' -- metamaterial-inspired optical nanocircuitry -- formed by judicious arrangement of nanostructures capable of optical processing at the nanoscale, ``meta-systems'' formed by metamaterials and metasurfaces providing wave-based signal handling and processing, graphene metatronics as one-atom-thick mid IR circuits, and nonreciprocal metastructures for unusual control over flow of photons, to name a few. We are exploring various features and characteristics of these concepts, topics, and directions in the paradigms of meta-optics and are investigating new classes of potential applications such paradigms may provide. We will present an overview of our most recent results from a sample of these topics and will discuss future directions and potentials. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 3, 2014 3:06PM - 3:18PM |
D50.00002: Bistable nonlinear metamaterials Sinhara Silva, Jiangfeng Zhou In this work, we demonstrate a nonlinear metamaterial with remotely tunable spectrum response at microwave frequency regime. Using a double split-ring resonator (DSRR) design, the resonance frequency of the outer ring can be tuned by an external pump signal. We experimentally demonstrate that the DSRR exhibits power and frequency dependent broadband tunability of the resonance frequency. More importantly, the DSRR shows bi-stability with distinct transmission levels, where the transition between bi-states can be controlled by the impulses of pump signal. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 3, 2014 3:18PM - 3:30PM |
D50.00003: A metamaterial cavity for refractive index sensing Khagendra Bhattarai, Zahyun Ku, Jiangfeng Zhou In this work, we demonstrated a metamaterial cavity consists of plasmonic metasurfaces made of gold nano-disks. We have shown that the Fabry-Perot cavity resonant modes arise around the plasmonic resonance wavelength. Compared to the localized plasmonic resonances, the quality factor of the cavity resonance is significantly increased. The cavity resonances are very sensitive to the refractive index of the surrounding materials. More importantly, the higher order cavity modes can further reduce the losses and improve the sensitivity. Numerical simulations show that the reflection shifts by 80{\%} when the refractive index of the surrounding liquid material changes from 1.312 to 1.352. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 3, 2014 3:30PM - 3:42PM |
D50.00004: Interference and Chaos in Metamaterials Cavities Natalia Litchinitser, Jorge Jose Optical metamaterials are engineered artificial nanostructures that possess optical properties not available in nature. As metamaterials research continues to mature, their practical applications as well as fundamental questions on wave propagation in these materials attract significant interest. In this talk we focus on wave propagation and interference in chaotic wave cavities with negative or near-zero index of refraction and in double-slit configurations. In this context, we explicitly consider an incomplete two-dimensional D-cavity previously studied, which shows chaotic ray propagation together with scars. We have addressed the question as to how that type of wave propagation is modified by adding metamaterials in these chaotic cavities. We find that the wave interference patterns show significant qualitatively and quantitative changes depending on the effective parameters of the cavity, illumination conditions (planes waves versus beams), and geometry of the system. We will discuss possible experimental setups where these results may be validated. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 3, 2014 3:42PM - 3:54PM |
D50.00005: Flexible and tunable metamaterials and their applications in sensing Xinglin Wen, Guangyuan Li, Jun Zhang, Qing Zhang, Bo Peng, Lai Mun Wong, Shijie Wang, Qihua Xiong Attributing metamaterials (MMs) to flexible substrates can provide many advantages such as transparency, lightweight, deformability and biocompatibility, and provides additional benefits to practical applications of metamaterials. Herein, we demonstrate a very simple and effective nickel sacrificial layer-assisted transfer method to fabricate Visible-Near IR metamaterials on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The PDMS-MMs can serve as a well-defined and reproducible Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) substrate and it can be covered to the surface with interesting analytes attached to obtain the SERS signal. Hybridizing a metamaterial with phase change material vanadium dioxide (VO$_{2})$ is very another promising way to achieve active metamaterial devices. Both the electric and magnetic resonances frequency of a split ring resonator can be tuned by controlling the phases of VO$_{2}$ by tuning the temperature. We also demonstrated that this VO$_{2}$-based metamaterials device can be used to tune the SERS intensity, which suggests considerable potential as an active sensing device. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 3, 2014 3:54PM - 4:06PM |
D50.00006: Waves and Fields in Epsilon-and-Mu-Near-Zero (EMNZ) Media Ahmed Mahmoud, Nader Engheta We investigate some of the unconventional characteristics of wave interaction with epsilon-and-mu near-zero (EMNZ) media, i.e., structures with both the relative permittivity and permeability near zero. We show that using an EMNZ medium one might in principle ``open up'' regions that behave as ``single electromagnetic points'' while being electrically large. We discuss some of the unusual effects that result from placing classical radiating dipoles within an EMNZ medium. This may provide us roadmaps to tailoring the radiation performance of more complex systems like quantum emitters. We suggest an idea for a possible implementation of a structure that would exhibit an EMNZ behavior and numerically demonstrate the possibility of having electrically large volumes behaving as EMNZ media. We finally discuss the limitations within which these structures are able to exhibit the aforementioned phenomena that take place in an idealized EMNZ medium. Time permitting, we also show both analytically and numerically that electromagnetic invisibility of arbitrarily-shaped, electrically large, perfectly electric conducting objects may be achieved when embedded in an EMNZ medium. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 3, 2014 4:06PM - 4:18PM |
D50.00007: Light scattering by magnetized nanoparticles: spatial quantization of light, symmetry breaking and plasmonic vortexes Artur Davoyan, Nader Engheta In this work we study theoretically light scattering by magneto-active plasmonic nanoparticles. We show that magnetization leads to the nanoscale symmetry breaking in the excitation of the surface plasmon polaritons, associated with the plasmonic eigen-mode degeneracy lifting. The latter implies the split of the plasmonic resonances in the nanoparticle extinction spectrum and the formation of the plasmonic vortexes. We show that such a phenomenon is deeply related to the quantization of the light angular momentum, thus revealing an optical analogy with the quantum Zeeman effect. Our work provides a paradigm for mesoscopic quantized systems. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 3, 2014 4:18PM - 4:30PM |
D50.00008: Optical properties of metal-dielectric based epsilon near zero metamaterials Ganapathi Subramania, Arthur Fischer, Ting Luk Epsilon($\varepsilon$) near zero(ENZ) materials are metamaterials where the effective dielectric constant($\varepsilon$) is close to zero for a range of wavelengths resulting in zero effective displacement field (D $=$ $\varepsilon$E) and displacement current. ENZ structures are of great interest in many application areas such as optical nanocircuits, supercoupling, cloaking, emission enhancement etc. Effective ENZ behavior has been demonstrated using cut-off frequency region in a metallic waveguide where the modal index vanishes. Here we demonstrate the fabrication of ENZ metamaterials operating at visible wavelengths ( $\lambda $ $\sim$ 640nm) using an effective medium approach based on a metal-dielectric composites(App. Phys. Let.,\textbf{101},241107(2012)) that can act as ``bulk'' ENZ material. The structure consists of a multilayer stack composite of alternating nanoscale thickness layers of Ag and TiO$_{2}$. Optical spectroscopy shows transmission and absorption response is consistent with ENZ behavior and matches well with simulations. We will discuss the criteria necessary in the design and practical implementation of the composite that better approximates a homogenous effective medium including techniques to minimize the effect of optical losses to boost transmission. The potential for hosting gain media in the gratings to address losses and emission control will be discussed. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 3, 2014 4:30PM - 4:42PM |
D50.00009: Tuning the Polarization State of Light via Retardation with a Microstructured Surface Shang-Chi Jiang, Xiang Xiong, Paulo Sarriugarte, Sheng-Wei Jiang, Xiao-bo Yin, Yuan Wang, Ru-Wen Peng, Di Wu, Rainer Hillenbrand, Xiang Zhang, Mu Wang We report in this letter an approach to tune efficiently the phase difference of light in two orthogonal directions, $\Delta \phi $, by controlling the time retardation with a microstructured surface made of L-shaped metallic patterns. The $\Delta \phi $ can be linearly tuned accurately from -180 degree to 180 degree by changing the frequency of incident light. Particularly the amplitudes in two orthogonal directions are identical so that the polarization state always locates on a meridian of Poincar\'e sphere. Near field measurement confirms that there is indeed time retardation between the oscillations in the orthogonal directions of the L-shaped patterns. This approach offers a new way in manipulating the polarization state of light. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 3, 2014 4:42PM - 4:54PM |
D50.00010: Generation and regulation of multiple focuses by tight focusing of patterned vector optical field array Chenghou Tu, Mengqiang Cai, Huihui Zhang, Shengxia Qian, Yongnan Li, Hui-tian Wang We have numerically studied the tight focusing of patterned vector optical field array based on the modified Richard-Wolf diffracting integration. By tailoring the spatial arrangement and the polarization distribution of the individual vector optical field, sub-wavelength multiple focal spots with different arrangement can be easily realized. The size of the focal spots, the distance between different focal spots and the arrangement of focal spots can all be regulated by varying the parameters of VOFs. Focal spots with the arrangement of hexagon, rectangle or rhombus can be obtained depending on the different setting conditions of PVOF. To check the numerical results, we experimentally generated the PVOFs according to the numerical conditions, and utilize the tightly focused optical fields to ablate the single crystal silicon wafer surface. Based on SEM images of the ablated sample surface, we find that the experiment results, which indirectly measured the intensity distribution and the size of the focal spots, agree with the numerical results very well. The tight focusing of PVOF opens a new window for regulating the focal intensity distribution due to the control diversity. As a result, it can be very flexible and helpful in many applications, such as micro-nano parallel fabrication and optical manipulation, etc. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 3, 2014 4:54PM - 5:06PM |
D50.00011: Generlized effective medium theory for metamaterials Brian Slovick, Zhi-Gang Yu, Srini Krishnamurthy We present an effective-medium model for calculating the frequency-dependent effective permittivity $\epsilon(\omega)$ and permeability $\mu(\omega)$ of metamaterial composites containing spherical particles with arbitrary permittivity. The effective constitutive parameters are derived within the dipole approximation from the condition that the scattering cross section vanishes for plane waves incident from the effective medium on the unit cell of the composite. In contrast to existing effective medium theories, our model does not invoke any additional long-wavelength approximations. As a result, it captures the effects of spatial dispersion and predicts a finite effective refractive index and antiresonances in $\epsilon(\omega)$ and $\mu(\omega)$, in agreement with numerical finite-element calculations. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 3, 2014 5:06PM - 5:18PM |
D50.00012: Structured Metal Film as Perfect Absorber Xiang Xiong, Shang-Chi Jiang, Ru-Wen Peng, Mu Wang With standing U-shaped resonators, fish-spear-like resonator has been designed for the first time as the building block to assemble perfect absorbers. The samples have been fabricated with two-photon polymerization process and FTIR measurement results support the effectiveness of the perfect absorber design. In such a structure the polarization-dependent resonance occurs between the tines of the spears instead of the conventional design where the resonance occurs between the metallic layers separated by a dielectric interlayer. The incident light neither transmits nor reflects back which results in unit absorbance. The power of light is trapped between the tines of spears and finally be absorbed. The whole structure is covered with a continuous metallic layer with good thermo-conductance, which provides an excellent approach to deal with heat dissipation, is enlightening in exploring metamaterial absorbers. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 3, 2014 5:18PM - 5:30PM |
D50.00013: DNA-mediated self-assembly of tetrahedral plasmonic clusters for metafluids Nicholas Schade, Li Sun, You-Jin Lee, Jonathan Fan, Federico Capasso, Gi-Ra Yi, Vinothan Manoharan We direct the self-assembly of clusters of gold nanospheres with the goal of creating a bulk, isotropic, optical metafluid. We use spherical gold nanoparticles that are exceptionally smooth, monocrystalline, and monodisperse. These particles exhibit highly reproducible scattering spectra compared with commercially available gold colloids. We label them with DNA sequences and mix them together to self-assemble small clusters. By controlling the particle sizes and the interactions between them, we maximize the yield of tetrahedral clusters, the ideal structures for isotropic metamaterials. [Preview Abstract] |
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