Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2014
Volume 59, Number 1
Monday–Friday, March 3–7, 2014; Denver, Colorado
Session Q35: Focus Session: Hybrid Quantum Systems |
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Sponsoring Units: DAMOP Chair: Charles Clark, JQI/NIST Room: 702 |
Wednesday, March 5, 2014 2:30PM - 3:06PM |
Q35.00001: Cavity optomechanics - Manipulating mechanical motion at the quantum level Invited Speaker: Andreas Nunnenkamp Cavity optomechanics is a rapidly-growing field in which mechanical degrees of freedom are coupled to modes of the electromagnetic field inside optical or microwave resonators. These devices may lead to ultra-sensitive mass and force sensors, provide long-range interaction between distant qubits, and serve as probes of quantum mechanics at increasingly large mass and length scales [for a review see e.g. Physics Today 65, 29 (2012)]. Adapting laser-cooling techniques from atomic physics several experiments have recently observed mechanical motion close to the quantum ground-state. This paves the way for exploiting mechanical systems in the quantum regime. In this talk I will address three problems. First, I will demonstrate that signatures of the intrinsically nonlinear interaction between light and mechanical motion in cavity optomechanical systems can be observed even when the cavity line width exceeds the optomechanical coupling [PRL 111, 053603 (2013)]. Second, I will discuss optomechanical systems in which the position of a mechanical oscillator modulates the line width of the cavity [NJP 15, 045017 (2013) and PRA 88, 023850 (2013)]. Finally, I will present a recent study on synchronization in a self-sustained oscillator coupled to an external harmonic drive [arXiv:1307.7044]. Work done in collaboration with Kjetil B{\o}rkje, Christoph Bruder, Steven M. Girvin, John D. Teufel, Stefan Walter, and Talitha Weiss. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, March 5, 2014 3:06PM - 3:18PM |
Q35.00002: Design and construction of a cavity electro-opto-mechanical system Robert Peterson, Reed Andrews, Thomas Purdy, Katarina Cicak, Raymond Simmonds, Cindy Regal, Konrad Lehnert The parallel advances in the fields of electromechanics and optomechanics have raised the prospect of coupling mechanical motion to both electrical and optical fields. Such a hybrid device has many applications, including transduction of quantum information between microwave and optical frequencies. We demonstrate a cavity electro-opto-mechanical device with a mechanical resonator formed by a thin Si${}_3$N${}_4$ membrane. Partial metallization of the membrane with niobium completes a superconducting electrical circuit fabricated using a ``flip-chip'' technique. This package is integrated into a free-space high-finesse Fabry-Perot cavity, whose spatial mode interacts with the non-metallized portion of the membrane. We report on device performance and discuss future directions for design of hybrid electro-opto-mechanical devices. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, March 5, 2014 3:18PM - 3:30PM |
Q35.00003: Microwave to optical state transfer with a cavity electro-opto-mechanical system Reed Andrews, Robert Peterson, Thomas Purdy, Katarina Cicak, Raymond Simmonds, Cindy Regal, Konrad Lehnert Quantum-coherent conversion between gigahertz-frequency ``microwave light'' and terahertz-frequency ``optical light'' would combine the processing power and scalability of superconducting qubits with the low-loss and long-distance distribution of optical fibers. Here we use an electro-opto-mechanical device to reversibly convert classical signals between microwave and optical light with an efficiency of ten percent. The frequency conversion is coherent and occurs over a 10 kHz bandwidth. This new type of converter opens new possibilities for generating and distributing entanglement, and is potentially capable of quantum-coherent frequency conversion. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, March 5, 2014 3:30PM - 3:42PM |
Q35.00004: Fiber-Cavity Optomechanics with Superfluid Helium Nathan E. Flowers-Jacobs, Anna D. Kashkanova, Alexey B. Shkarin, Scott W. Hoch, Christian Deutsch, Jakob Reichel, Jack G.E. Harris In a typical optomechanical device, the resonance frequency of a cavity is coupled to mechanical motion through the radiation pressure force. To date, experimental cavities have predominately coupled to a resonant mechanical mode of a solid structure, often a lithographically-defined beam or membrane. We will describe our progress towards realizing an optomechanical device in which an optical fiber-cavity couples to the acoustic modes of superfluid helium. In this system, the optical modes and the acoustic modes of the superfluid are co-located between the mirrored ends of two fiber optic cables. Changes in the density of the superfluid change the effective length of the cavity which results in a standard, linear optomechanical coupling between the 300 MHz acoustic resonances and the 200 THz optical resonances. This type of device is motivated by the self-aligning nature of the acoustic and optical modes (which eases the difficulties of operating at cryogenic temperatures) and by the low optical and mechanical losses of superfluid helium. Although we expect the mechanical quality factor to be limited by acoustic radiation into the glass fiber, we will describe a proposal to realize a dual-band Bragg mirror to confine the optical and acoustic modes more efficiently. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, March 5, 2014 3:42PM - 3:54PM |
Q35.00005: Optomechanical Squeezing of Light Thomas Purdy, Pen-Li Yu, Robert Peterson, Nir Kampel, Cindy Regal Cavity optomechanical systems in the radiation-pressure-shot-noise dominated regime display a variety of quantum effects including measurement backaction heating and quantum correlations between light and mechanical motion. One consequence of latter effect is the creation of squeezed light at the output of such a system. We have generated optomechanically squeezed light using a membrane mechanical resonator inside an optical cavity. The quantum noise of the output light is measured to be reduced by 1.7 dB compared to the shot noise level. Additionally, since the mechanical motion is correlated with quantum fluctuations of the light, readout of the motion provides a non-destructive measurement of the light. We use this type of measurement along with active feedback to produce optical squeezing under conditions where passive optomechanical squeezing is absent. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, March 5, 2014 3:54PM - 4:06PM |
Q35.00006: A Qubit-Coupled Nanomechanical Resonator Integrated with a Superconducting CPW Cavity Yu Hao, Francisco Rouxinol, Seung-Bo Shim, Matt LaHaye In this work we discuss some of our first results integrating a qubit-coupled nanomechanical resonator with a superconducting transmission line resonator. This hybrid circuit QED system is composed of a capacitively-coupled superconducting charge-type qubit and UHF-range flexural nanoresonator, which are both embedded within a superconducting niobium coplanar waveguide (CPW) cavity. Phase-sensitive transmission measurements of the CPW cavity are used to spectroscopically probe the qubit-coupled nanoresonator via the qubit-state-dependent dispersive shift of the cavity frequency. We will discuss the design and measurement of the latest generation of these devices and the prospects for using this system to read-out the number-states statistics of a nanomechanical resonator at low thermal occupancy. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, March 5, 2014 4:06PM - 4:18PM |
Q35.00007: Optomechanical Metamaterials: Dirac polaritons, Gauge fields, and Instabilities Vittorio Peano, Michael Schmidt, Florian Marquardt Freestanding photonic crystals can be used to trap both light and mechanical vibrations. These ``optomechanical crystal'' structures have already been experimentally demonstrated to yield strong coupling between a photon mode and a phonon mode, co-localized at a single defect site. Future devices may feature a regular superlattice of such defects, turning them into ``optomechanical arrays.'' We predict that tailoring the optomechanical band structure of such arrays can be used to implement Dirac physics of photons and phonons, to create a photonic gauge field via mechanical vibrations, and to observe a novel optomechanical instability. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, March 5, 2014 4:18PM - 4:30PM |
Q35.00008: Entangled photon pairs from three coupled optomechanical cells Z.J. Deng, S.J.M. Habraken, F. Marquardt Optomechanics, which couples light to the mechanical motion of an object, is a very important research field. To show features different or superior to the classical counterparts, one major goal in the field of optomechanics is to generate nonclassical states such as squeezed states, entangled states, or states with negative Wigner functions for either or both the optical and mechanical degrees of freedom. In this work, we will discuss on how to generate entangled photon pairs from three coupled optomechanical cells, where each cell consists of a standard optomechanical system and different cells are coupled by photon tunneling. Due to the symmetry of the setup and with the help of mechanical motion, the photons in the driven optical normal mode will be scattered into the other two optical normal modes, where the entangled photon pairs correlated by frequency can be collected. We have investigated the squeezing and entanglement properties of the output light beams, and how these properties would be changed under the influence of the mechanical thermal noise and intrinsic optical losses. Moreover, we find that a suitable choice of parameters can lead to large steady-state entanglement in this proposed setup. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, March 5, 2014 4:30PM - 4:42PM |
Q35.00009: Optical squeezing via dissipation in optomechanics Andreas Kronwald, Florian Marquardt, Aashish A. Clerk The generation of quantum squeezed light is of interest from both fundamental and practical points of view. For example, squeezed light can be used to improve the measurement sensitivity in gravitational wave detectors or even in biophysical applications. In this talk, we discuss a simple yet surprisingly effective mechanism which allows the generation of squeezed output light from an optomechanical cavity, where mechanical motion is coupled to cavity photons via radiation pressure. In contrast to the well known mechanism of ``ponderomotive squeezing'' (realized recently in experiments [1-3]), our scheme generates squeezed output light by explicitly using the dissipative nature of the mechanical resonator. We show that our scheme has many advantages over ponderomotive squeezing; in particular, it is far more effective in the good cavity limit commonly used in experiments. Furthermore, the squeezing generated in our approach can be directly used to enhance the intrinsic measurement sensitivity of the optomechanical cavity; one does not have to feed the squeezed light into a separate measurement device. \\[4pt] [1] D. W. C. Brooks et al., Nature 488, 476 (2012).\\[0pt] [2] A. H. Safavi-Naeini et al., Nature 500, 185 (2013).\\[0pt] [3] T. P. Purdy et al., Phys. Rev. X 3, 031012 (2013). [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, March 5, 2014 4:42PM - 4:54PM |
Q35.00010: Towards a high quality three-dimensional superconducting electromechanical cavity Adam Reed, Reed Andrews, Brad Mitchell, Konrad Lehnert Macroscopic mechanical resonators coupled to microwave circuits enable quantum control of mechanical motion. These experiments are often limited by undesired loss in the electrical resonator. Current devices are typically fabricated on planar structures with materials that limit the electrical quality. Motivated by the high electrical quality obtainable in three-dimensional superconducting resonators, we explore such non-planar architectures. We present preliminary results of an electromechanical device that moves away from a planar geometry by combining a high quality mechanical resonator with a three-dimensional microwave resonator. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, March 5, 2014 4:54PM - 5:06PM |
Q35.00011: Enhancing optomechanical coupling via the Josephson effect Jani Tuorila, Tero Heikkil\"a, Fransesco Massel, Rapha\"el Khan, Mika Sillanp\"a\"a Cavity optomechanics offers one of the most promising prospects for studying large systems in the quantum limit. The key element within this approach is to employ strong radiation-pressure coupling between mechanical motion and electromagnetic field. However, challenges arise because such a coupling is far too weak in typical systems. We show that the charge tuning of the non-linear Josephson inductance in a single-Cooper-pair transistor can be exploited to create a radiation pressure -type coupling between mechanical and microwave resonators. With experimentally achievable parameters, we find that the usually measured bare coupling can be amplified by a large factor, up to a strength required of the quantum limit. Instead of the non-linearity arising from the strong radiation pressure, we show that the main non-linearity in this setup originates rather from a cross-Kerr type of coupling between the resonators, allowing the access to individual phonon numbers via the measurement of the cavity. Our predictions can be readily tested in the state of the art circuit optomechanical devices. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, March 5, 2014 5:06PM - 5:18PM |
Q35.00012: Engineering Phononic Bandgap Shield for High-$Q$ Silicon Nitride Membrane Resonators K. Cicak, P.-L. Yu, N.S. Kampel, Y. Tsaturyan, T.P. Purdy, R.W. Simmonds, C.A. Regal High-stress $\rm Si_3 N_4$ membrane mechanical resonators exhibit ultrahigh $Q$-frequency products. These millimeter-sized, macroscopic objects should exhibit quantum properties and can be integrated into opto-mechanical, electro-mechanical, and even hybrid electro-opto-mechanical systems. They represent an enabling technology for mediating quantum information transfer between vastly different frequency domains. Experimentally achieving high $Q$-factors with these membranes is hindered by coupling to support structures providing a path for energy loss to the environment (i.e. clamping or support losses). We have microfabricated membranes embedded into phononic crystals etched into the silicon support structure. In order to realize acoustic isolation and shielding from the environment, these structures are engineered to have phononic bandgaps $\sim$1 MHz wide centered around membrane mode frequencies in the MHz range. In this talk, we will discuss device design (aided by finite-element simulation) and fabrication. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, March 5, 2014 5:18PM - 5:30PM |
Q35.00013: Demonstration of the Phononic Bandgap Isolation for Silicon Nitride Membrane Resonators Pen-Li Yu, Katarina Cicak, Nir Kampel, Yeghishe Tsaturyan, Thomas Purdy, Raymond Simmonds, Cindy Regal Silicon nitride membranes offer great potential for sensing weak forces at the standard quantum limit, realizing a mesoscopic quantum harmonic oscillator, and converting quantum information between different quantum systems. An important current limitation to these applications comes from the acoustic coupling between the membrane and its support structure. Such coupling can be controlled by micromachining the support structure to create a phononic crystal. With such a structure, we demonstrate the phononic bandgap isolation for MHz $\rm Si_3 N_4$ membrane resonators. We probe the membrane modes and the non-membrane modes by measuring the displacement spectra of the membrane and different components of the support structure. We find that inside the observed bandgaps, the density and amplitude of the non-membrane modes are greatly suppressed, and the membrane modes are shielded from an external mechanical drive by a factor up to 30 dB. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, March 5, 2014 5:30PM - 5:42PM |
Q35.00014: Single polariton optomechanics Juan Restrepo, Cristiano Ciuti, Ivan Favero We explore theoretically a hybrid quantum system combining cavity quantum electrodynamics and optomechanics[1]. We solve analytically the Hamiltonian of the system showing the nature of the dressed atom-cavity-mechanics polarons and study its dynamical behavior in presence of dissipation and finite temperature. In particular we study cooling to the ground state in the single-polariton regime and peculiar statistics for the mechanical resonator in this hybrid configuration. {[1]} J. Restrepo, C. Ciuti and I. Favero, (arXiv:1307.4282) [Preview Abstract] |
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