Bulletin of the American Physical Society
2007 APS March Meeting
Volume 52, Number 1
Monday–Friday, March 5–9, 2007; Denver, Colorado
Session B41: Nanotechnology |
Hide Abstracts |
Sponsoring Units: FIAP Chair: Eric Dufresne, Yale University Room: Colorado Convention Center 504 |
Monday, March 5, 2007 11:15AM - 11:27AM |
B41.00001: Transport of Nanomaterials in Air and Aquatic Systems -- An Ontological Approach Ashok Vaseashta Advances made over the last few years provide new opportunities for scientific and technological developments in nanostructures and nanosystems with unique architectures, desired characteristics and improved functionality. Despite major developments in this field, there is a significant gap in our knowledge of the environmental, health, and ecological impacts associated with nanostructured materials. Since innovations in the field of nanotechnology occur faster than the policymakers can develop safe handling practices; a comprehensive and fundamental investigation is necessary based on dynamic transport of nanomaterials in the environment and its impact on human health and ecology. A matrix of parameters which govern transport of nanomaterials such as exposure routes, chemical composition, surface structure, solubility, size and shape effects, toxicity, absorption, distribution, metabolism, agglomeration, and excretion rate and mechanisms is proposed in this investigation. The complex nature of naturally occurring and engineered nanomaterials and transport either in the environment or via different exposure routes with human body necessitate an ontological modality. A theoretical basis for ontologies used for transport of nanomaterials in the environment such as air, water, and soil and human body will be presented. A comprehensive investigation will prove beneficial to risk assessment and ensuring safe practice in nanotechnologies. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 5, 2007 11:27AM - 11:39AM |
B41.00002: Some Relaxed Equilibrium Configurations for a Few Hydrogen Atoms Inside a Unit Graphene Cell of Variable Volume Juan Salvador Arellano A set of hydrogen atoms (1 to 9) are considered to be inside a graphene cell with parameters a = 4.6117 and c = 5 or 10 a.u. The carbon coordinates are frozen, but hydrogen atoms are relaxed to find favorable configurations with local minimal energy. The fhi98md-LDA code has been used to do the calculations. For some sets of hydrogen atoms it has been obtained two possible configurations. The configurations are analyzed with the DOE (USA Department of Energy) criteria, respect to the characteristics that a material must meet to be considered as a good candidate to store hydrogen. Some of these criteria, for example the gravimetric density and the hydrogen volumetric concentration are discussed in particular. Higher values than 6.5 weight \% and 65 $kg/m^3$, of stored hydrogen required by the DOE are obtained for some of the studied graphene cells. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 5, 2007 11:39AM - 11:51AM |
B41.00003: Gas sensors based on single-wall carbon nanotubes and polypyrrole-coated carbon nanotubes Young Wook Chang, Je Seung Oh, Seung Hwan Yoo, Ji Hun Kim, Hyang Hee Choi, Kyung-Hwa Yoo We have fabricated gas sensors based on single-wall carbon nanotubes and detected NH3 and NO2 gas. At the room temperature, the absorbed gas molecules are not easily detached from the CNT surface. So, we have testes the gas sensor at high temperatures and investigated the temperature dependences of electrical properties of CNTs above the room temperatures. Depending on the gas atmosphere and the temperature, large hysteresis has been observed. In addition, in order to improve the properties of gas sensor, we have electro-deposited polypyrrole onto CNTs and compared with SWNT without polypyrrole. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 5, 2007 11:51AM - 12:03PM |
B41.00004: The Intensity and the Lifetime Variation of the Single Quantum Dot with its Mirror Image System Jui Wen Chou We propose to observe the oscillation effects on the spontaneous emission intensity and the lifetime under the condition of distance variation of the single quantum dot and its mirror image system. We start from the wave function and use the superposition principle to predict the self-interference phenomena of the system; and the lifetime of the system is theoretically predicted damping oscillated. The spontaneous emission intensity and the lifetime were observed as the function of the distance between the single quantum dot and its mirror image. We first demonstrate the method of observing self-interference and superradiant spontaneous emission at room temperature by the single quantum dot with its mirror image distance variation system. Because of the phenomena is observable at room temperature, it could be potentially applied as the basic quantum bit in the quantum information processing and computation. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 5, 2007 12:03PM - 12:15PM |
B41.00005: `Sliding Kinetics' of Carbon Nanotubes on Self-Assembled Monolayer Patterns Jiwoon Im, Minbaek Lee, Sung Myung, Juwan Kang, Dong Joon Lee, Seunghun Hong Recently, self-assembled monolayer (SAM) patterns were utilized to guide the `assembly' and `alignment' of single wall carbon nanotubes (swCNT) on solid substrates for the large scale fabrication of swCNT-based devices (Nature 425, 36 (2003); Nature Nanotechnology 1, 66 (2006)). Herein, we present the experimental results and theoretical model describing the new adsorption kinetics of swCNTs onto SAM patterns including the `sliding motion' of swCNTs. The adsorption behavior of swCNTs on large-size SAM patterns is similar to Langmuir isotherm, while that on the nano-scale patterns shows a significant deviation which can be explained by the `sliding motion' of adsorbed nanotubes (J. of Chem. Phys. 124, 224707 (2006)). The `sliding chamber' experiment confirms that swCNTs can align along the SAM patterns by sliding motion right above the SAM surfaces. We performed extensive study regarding the adsorption behaviors of swCNT on various SAM patterns as well as the solvent effect on CNT adsorption. These results could provide important guidelines for large-scale directed assembly of swCNT-based devices in the near future. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 5, 2007 12:15PM - 12:27PM |
B41.00006: Synthesis and nano-placement of nanoparticle using cage-shaped protein S. Kumagai, S. Yoshii, K. Yamada, K. Nishio, N. Matsukawa, K. Iwahori, I. Yamashita Nanoparticles (NPs) have been attracting considerable attention and the placement of a single NP at will is fundamental technique for nanodevices. We artificially synthesized a variety of uniform NPs ($\phi $6nm) within the cage-shaped protein, apoferritin and studied the placement of ferritin (apoferritin with NP core, $\phi $12nm). We numerically analyzed the interaction between negatively charged ferritin and positively charged nano-disk on the negatively charged SiO2 surface, which can be realized at neutral pH. The calculated free energy potential profile derived from electrostatic interaction, osmotic pressure and van der Waals force showed that a $\phi $15nm positively charged disk could attract a single ferritin molecule in the solution with the Debye length of 14nm. Using the conditions, a single ferritin molecule was placed successfully on the every disk arranged quadrilaterally with 100nm interval. Heat treatment under O2 gas removed protein shell selectively and left NP array. The electrostatic interaction with long range effect has been thought unsuitable for the nano-placement, but it was clearly demonstrated that the electrostatic interaction achieves handling of molecules with nanometric resolution. This study is partially supported by MEXT, Japan. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 5, 2007 12:27PM - 12:39PM |
B41.00007: ABSTRACT WITHDRAWN |
Monday, March 5, 2007 12:39PM - 12:51PM |
B41.00008: Nanophotonic Circuit Elements Aric Sanders, Norman Sanford, John Schlager, Eric Dufresne, Mark Reed In order to realize nanoscale photonic circuits, sub-diffractive light guides, switches, and other active elements must be first realized. We have demonstrated that silver nanowires can act as plasmonic fibers, redirecting and distributing light at the nanoscale. In addition, silver nanowires can act as sensitive switches based on the strong polarization dependence of the plasmon polariton modes carried on their surface. Finally, the role of gallium nitride nanowires as active optical elements is presented. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 5, 2007 12:51PM - 1:03PM |
B41.00009: Applications of Nanotemplates and Nanoparticles in Nanomanufacturing and Nanomedicine E. Gultepe, D. Nagesha, C. Fantasia, S. Lloyd, S. Tai, S. Sridhar Nanotemplates and nanoparticles have potential for use in the area of nanomanufacturing and biomedical applications. Using controlled anodization, nanoporous surface can be achieved on metals such as aluminum and titanium. We are using highly ordered nanoporous alumina as a template for drug delivery and to assemble nanoelements such as latex beads and super coiled DNA by the means of electrophoresis. We have developed a variety of platforms incorporating superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for targeted delivery, magnetic hyperthermia and as a contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging. The results of cell studies on these platforms will be discussed. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 5, 2007 1:03PM - 1:15PM |
B41.00010: Molecular switch modifications by single atom manipulation M. Mamatkulov, L. Stauffer, Ph. Sonnet, M. Martin, M. Lastapis, D. Riedel, G. Dujardin The operation of a single molecule as a molecular nanomachine requires controlling the interaction between the molecule and its surrounding with an atomic scale precision. Recently, it has been demonstrated that a single biphenyl molecule adsorbed on a Si(001) surface behaves as bistable molecule at low temperature. By means of ab-initio calculations, we study the underlying physics of this system. A variety of configurations for the adsorbed biphenyl molecule have been investigated [1]. We show that, during its adsorption on Si(001), one hydrogen atom dissociates from one phenyl and bonds to a neighbouring surface silicon atom. After desorbing this hydrogen with a STM tip, the dynamics of the adsorbed biphenyl molecule is strongly modified: it becomes a multistable molecule having four stable states. Local density of states calculations have been performed and compared to the experimental STM topographies. A good agreement has been observed, allowing a deeper understanding of this system [2]. Our study emphasizes that, by means of a single atom manipulation, one expect to be able to control the intrinsic performance of molecular device. [1] M. Mamatkulov et al., Phys. Rev. B 73 (2006) 035321 [2] M. Martin et al., Phys. Rev. Lett (accepted) [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 5, 2007 1:15PM - 1:27PM |
B41.00011: Novel Parametric Actuation Scheme in Piezoelectric NEMS Rassul Karabalin, Sotiris Masmanidis, Ron Lifshitz, Michael Cross, Michael Roukes Resonant nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) are attracting interest in a broad variety of applications ranging from ultrasensitive mass and force detectors to quantum limited devices. However, an efficient, fully integrated scheme for actuation and detection remains a challenge. This talk reviews our recent progress in addressing this problem. First, we obtain excellent actuation efficiency using multilayered piezoelectric nanostructures. Second, we employ the piezoelectric properties of these structures for parametric amplification of mechanical motion. Finally, we excite arrays of coupled NEMS resonators and find that their response agrees with theoretical predictions. We use such parametrically-driven resonant devices to demonstrate a thousand-fold amplitude gain, as well as a significant quality factor enhancement, both in vacuum and in air, suggesting that this scheme may provide significant improvement to sensor performance. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 5, 2007 1:27PM - 1:39PM |
B41.00012: Hysteretic melting and freezing of nanoscale indium islands using local thermal cycling for phase-change memory nodes Todd Brintlinger, Kamal Hussain Baloch, Yi Qi, William G. Cullen, David Goldhaber-Gordon, John Cumings Using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) operating in dark-field mode, the melting and freezing transition in nanoscale (approximately 20-200nm diameter) metal islands can be imaged at video rates (33ms/frame). The metal, typically indium, islands are thermally evaporated on one side of a 100nm thick SiN membrane. Local thermal gradients produced by Joule heating of lithographically defined electrodes on the opposite side of the membrane show a hysteretic effect in the melting/freezing of the metal islands. Read and write cycles are accomplished with 5-10 microW power, while a quiescent power of 80-100 microW is required to keep an island near its melting point. The hysteresis indicates a finite nucleation energy during freezing of individual islands. While TEM is not a practical readout mechanism, the behavior suggests a type of phase-change memory node on an inherently nanometer scale. Results for all the aforementioned will be shown, including micrographs, video, and related discussion. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 5, 2007 1:39PM - 1:51PM |
B41.00013: Application of mesoscopic light transport theory to ultra-early detection of cancer in a single biological cell Prabhakar Pradhan, Hariharan Subramanian, Yang Liu, Young Kim, Hemant Roy, Vadim Backman We report application of mesoscopic light transport theory to ultra-early detection of carcinogenesis in a single biological cell. In early stages, the progression of carcinogenesis is accompanied by nanoscale morphological changes in the internal structure of a biological cell. Such changes result in nanoscale alterations of the refractive index distribution in cells, which modulate the nanoscale light transport properties of a cell. Understanding the mesoscopic/nanoscopic light transport properties of cells is therefore important for detecting the progression of carcinogenesis in a cell or tissue. We have developed a new technique -- partial wave spectroscopy (PWS) -- to measure changes in nanoscale light transport properties associated with the nanometer scale refractive index alterations in a cell. $^{ }$We quantify the cell's refractive index fluctuations using mesoscopic light transport theory. Our results using rat/human cells demonstrate that the PWS technique is able to detect ultra-early refractive index fluctuation changes at the nanoscale associated with the progression of carcinogenesis in these cells. This method can be used as a potential biomarker for ultra-early detection of cancer. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 5, 2007 1:51PM - 2:03PM |
B41.00014: Multiple-layer SOI based on Single-Crystal Si Nanomembrane Transfer Weina Peng, Michelle Roberts, Eric Nordberg, Frank Flack, Paula Colavita, Robert Hamers, Donald Savage, Max Lagally, Mark Eriksson Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) has many advantages over bulk Si including the reduction of parasitic resistance and increased device speed. Multiple-layer SOI, having more device layers per unit area, enables 3D process integration as well as applications in optics. However, it is impossible to achieve such a system by growth techniques (one can grow only non-crystalline Si on SiO$_{2})$, and multiple Smart Cut transfers used to create single layer SOI may be prohibitively expensive. We present here a novel method to fabricate such a multiple SOI system using transferred Si nanomembranes$^{ }$and subsequent oxidation. The surface roughness and interface quality are examined respectively by AFM and cross-sectional SEM. Low surface roughness (0.176nm) and smooth interfaces are achieved. As an example optical application, we apply the multilayer system to fabricate a Si-based Bragg reflector. The specular reflectivity of one, two, and three-membrane mirrors is measured using FTIR. High specular reflectivity, above 99{\%}, is achieved for three stacked membranes. Comparison of the measured reflectivity with theoretical calculations shows good agreement. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 5, 2007 2:03PM - 2:15PM |
B41.00015: Inelastic Tunneling Spectroscopy Study of nm-thick oxides in Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Structure Jino Lee, Kookrin Char, Sangjin Hyun, Sangbom Kang, Siyoung Choi Using inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy (IETS) technique which can probe phonon modes and defect states in the tunneling barrier, we investigated Si(n+) -- HfSiO(2.0nm)-- Si(p+) MOS capacitor samples. It is an efficient way to study the properties of MOS capacitors because there can be a measurable tunneling current, as the insulating barrier of the MOS devices approaches a few nm. We measured the phonon spectra between 10meV and 70meV and identified each peak using the reference data in previously reported papers by others. When comparing with the data obtained from the sample of Si(n+) -- SiO2(1.2nm) -- Si(p+) MOS capacitor, we observed the additional intensive phonon mode peak in the HfSiO gate oxide. We believe that this peak is enhanced by interface effects between the substrate and the insulating barrier. In the higher energy regime, features that are associated with the trap-related states were observed. The spatial location relative to the interfaces and the energy level of trap-related states can be estimated through simple modeling, when a same defect state can be identified simultaneously in the forward and backward biases.. [Preview Abstract] |
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