Plasma reactive species production and delivery into liquids*

The field of plasma medicine explores the unique therapeutic potential of plasma-activated solutions for various applications. Understanding plasma-water interactions and the penetration depth of reactive species is crucial for optimising plasma-based treatments. From an application perspective ultimately, the species within the liquid phase are those interacting with the various biological systems and are those mediating the biological signalling mechanisms and outcome. Shorter-lived radicals like hydroxyl radicals (OH) can be generated close to the plasma-liquid interface and diffuse into the liquid, while longer-lived more stable reactive species such as hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) can be produced within the plasma phase and mass transport from the gas-phase into the liquid [1]. The combination of experiments and simulations play a pivotal role in unravelling the complex dynamics of plasma-water interactions, offering valuable insights into the chemical processes occurring at the plasma-liquid interface. This presentation will focus on recent advancements in benchmarking simulated plasma-water interactions with experimental measurement. Additionally, details of the depth of penetration of different radicals and reactive species into liquids will be assessed.[1] Y. Gorbanev, D. O'Connell, V. Chechik, Chem. Eur. J. 2016, 22, 3496.