Bulletin of the American Physical Society
75th Annual Gaseous Electronics Conference
Volume 67, Number 9
Monday–Friday, October 3–7, 2022;
Sendai International Center, Sendai, Japan
The session times in this program are intended for Japan Standard Time zone in Tokyo, Japan (GMT+9)
Session GF2: Plasmas for Energy Applications |
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Chair: Ahmad Hamdan, University de Montreal Room: Sendai International Center Shirakashi 2 |
Friday, October 7, 2022 10:00AM - 10:15AM |
GF2.00001: Facile synthesis of sulfonated cellulose derived from sugarcane bagasse via solution plasma process toward bio-filler separator membrane for lithium-ion battery Satita Thiangtham, Nagahiro Saito, Hathaikarn Manuspiya Sulfonated cellulose (SC) is a water-soluble derivative cellulose with sulfonic acid groups (SO32-) bound to carbon atom in the glucopyranose monomers of cellulose backbone. First, cellulose was extracted from sugarcane bagasse, and then hydrolyzed to small particles in term of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). After that, the MCC was modified by the oxidation reaction with NaIO4 to provide cleavage of the C-C bonds to form 2,3-dialdehyde cellulose (DAC). Subsequently, these activated aldehyde groups were significantly substituted with sulfonic acid groups in the sulfonation reaction via the solution plasma (SP) reaction with 0.05 mmol of K2S2O5. With the increasing of SP processing time could increase the content of the sulfonic acid groups in the SC (154 - 720 µmol/g). Due to the increase of sulfonic acid group content, the plasma-treated SC were more dissolved in water and showed the transmittance of higher than 90% in the 400 - 800 nm range, leading to water solubility improvement up to 86.69%. The SP provided the advanced benefits to the synthesis of SC by using a low concentration of K2S2O5, which were the increased sulfonic acid group contents. The obtained plasma-treated SC were further evaluated for use as a bio-filler in bio-membranes for lithium-ion applications. |
Friday, October 7, 2022 10:15AM - 10:30AM |
GF2.00002: Reduction of iron phthalocyanine/ graphene oxide composites using atmospheric pressure plasma Fuka Hayakawa, Ikumi Ohsawa, Takahiro Saida, Takayuki Ohta Fuel cells have been used for fuel cell vehicles or household power sources as an energy source with a low environmental load. The development of non-platinum-based catalysts has been required in order to improve the electromotive force, the cost, and the durability of the conventional platinum-supported carbon catalysts. We focused on the iron phthalocyanine (FePc) / graphene oxide (GO) composites as an alternative catalyst because of high oxygen reduction reaction. General reduction methods to improve oxygen reduction reaction are a hydrazine reduction or thermal reduction with hydrogen gas and are harmful to the environment and human body. In this study, the FePc / GO composites was reduced by the treatment using cold atmospheric-pressure plasma (CAP) on low temperature. |
Friday, October 7, 2022 10:30AM - 10:45AM |
GF2.00003: Fabrication of highly-transparent solar cell in centimeter scale based on atomically thin 2D materials Kohei Kanaya, Xing He, Toshiro Kaneko, Toshiaki Kato Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) is one of the most attractive materials for future transparent and flexible optoelectrical devices due to their atomically thin structure, band gap in visible light range, and high optical transparency. Recently, we have developed a new Schottky type TMD-based solar cell, which can be simply formed by asymmetrically contacting electrodes and TMD. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) can be reached up to 0.7 %, which is the highest value for solar cell with similar TMD thickness [1]. To make highly-transparent solar cell with this Schottky type structure, plasma sputtered indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes are used in this study. By coating various thin metals on top of ITO (Mx/ITO) and inserting a thin layer of WO3, Schottky barrier height can be well controlled between electrode and TMD. Then, the PCE of our solar cell with the optimized electrode (WO3/Mx/ITO) becomes more than 1000 times higher than that of a device using a normal ITO electrode. Furthermore, a near-invisible (averaged transparency >79%) solar cell in 1 cm2 scale has been successfully fabricated. These findings can contribute to the study of TMD-based transparent solar cell from fundamentals to truly industrialized stages. |
Friday, October 7, 2022 10:45AM - 11:00AM |
GF2.00004: The Selectivity-Conversion Tradeoff in Partial Methane Oxidation Using Non-Equilibrium Plasmas Charan R Nallapareddy, Thomas C Underwood The direct oxidation of methane to methanol (DOMtM) is a utilization pathway that enables feasible conversion at low temperatures, pressures, and over distributed scales. However, the poor selectivity toward methanol, and unwanted formation of CO and CO2, continue to limit its broader adoption. Much like catalytic pathways, plasmas have been used extensively with DOMtM to reduce activation barriers and drive methane conversion but are constrained by their selectivity toward desired products. In this work, we show the influence of product breakdown, transport effects, and non-equilibrium excitations on the selectivity and conversion of DOMtM. We develop scaling laws to predict plasma processes using a selectivity-conversion power law that depends on the specific energy input (SEI) of the process. Unlike conventional thermal equilibrium processes, we show how a spark discharge can break selectivity-conversion thermodynamic constraints. Plasma gives a degree of freedom to vary conversion independently. Using a spark discharge and a fixed SEI, we measure a 500% increase in conversion with the same selectivity by varying the applied electric field. Although we are trading off energy efficiency to achieve this, the method allows to alter the product production dynamically whenever required. Transport effects including diffusion, convection, and reaction kinetics are shown to enable dynamic control in product distributions including H2, methanol, formic acid, and formaldehyde. |
Friday, October 7, 2022 11:00AM - 11:15AM |
GF2.00005: A Mask-free and Contactless Patterned Plasma Processing Technique for Interdigitated Back Contact Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells Fabrication Junkang WANG, Pavel Bulkin, Monalisa Ghosh, Dmitri Daineka, Pere Roca i Cabarrocas, Sergej Filonovich, José Alvarez, Erik Johnson The interdigitated back contact silicon heterojunction (IBC-SHJ) solar cell currently holds the record efficiency for crystalline silicon PV devices [1]. But such impressive device performance comes at a cost of employing photolithographic patterning steps or a shadow mask to create the interdigitated carrier collection zones required for IBC architectures. |
Friday, October 7, 2022 11:15AM - 11:45AM |
GF2.00006: Plasma-induced electronic defects: formation and recovery kinetics for advanced processing Invited Speaker: Shota Nunomura Silicon heterojunction (SHJ) is one of the promising structures for high-efficiency crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells. In this type of solar cells, hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) is widely used as a surface passivation layer, where the c-Si surface defects are terminated with hydrogens. This surface passivation strongly depends on the growth conditions of a-Si:H and postannealing. So, a process optimization of a-Si:H deposition and postannealing is required, according to the knowledge of defect kinetics in the a-Si:H/c-Si heterostructure. |
Friday, October 7, 2022 11:45AM - 12:00PM |
GF2.00007: Electron Properties and Reaction Mechanisms in Plasma-Assisted Catalysis of Ammonia Synthesis David D Caron, Ahmed Diallo, Bruce E Koel, Shurik Yatom Ammonia synthesis by the Haber-Bosch process contributes 1-3% of the world’s total energy demand per year. Plasma-assisted catalysis is being investigated as an alternative method for ammonia production, with attractive features of distributed production, ease of on-off operation suitable for intermittent electrical energy supply, and possibly even increasing the energy yield of ammonia. Most studies of plasma-assisted catalysis have either characterized the ammonia production rate, showing the benefits of coupling a catalyst with a plasma environment, or characterized the bulk plasma and particle dynamics. These separate approaches have limited our understanding of important plasma-catalyst interactions such as sheath effects, reaction pathways, and catalyst active sites. Here, we report results from our investigations into the particle dynamics and plasma properties observed in a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor for ammonia synthesis via plasma-assisted catalysis. The DBD was produced by a nanosecond pulser (NSP), which enables selective heating of electrons and a plasma with tunable properties. To understand the particle dynamics in the plasma adjacent to the catalyst, we used the non-perturbative methods of Thompson scattering for electron density and energy, and Raman scattering for molecular vibrational energies, taken concurrently at a given location. This enables us to make correlations between electron dynamics, N2 energy states, and ammonia production rates. Insights from these results for plasma-assisted catalysis of ammonia synthesis will be discussed. |
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