Bulletin of the American Physical Society
Far West Section Fall 2022 Meeting
Volume 67, Number 10
Friday–Saturday, October 7–8, 2022; University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI
Session J01: Poster Session (4:15pm - 5:45pm) |
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Room: University of Hawai'i at Manoa, East-West Center Keoni |
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J01.00001: The Measurement of Cosmic-Ray Deuterons with the GAPS Experiment Cory Gerrity The primary purpose of the balloon-borne General Anti-Particle Spectrometer (GAPS) experiment is to conduct a low-energy ($ |
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J01.00002: Analyzing Far-IR [O III] and [C II] Emission Using SOFIA in Highly-Ionized Local Galaxies. Bhavya Gupta, Peter Senchyna The nearby, highly-ionized, and metal-poor dwarf galaxies (z < 0.1) are the best analogs to comprehend high-redshift galaxies due to their proximity and similarity in stellar content. In this work, we seek to answer the question, do we see local analogs to be elevated in [O III] 88 µm compared to [C II] 157 µm similar to the high-redshift systems (z > 6) for which there are ALMA observations of [O III] + [C II]? We used the SOFIA telescope to collect data for a four galaxy sample, chosen based on a high-ionization UV spectrum similar to z > 6 galaxies. We study the emission of [O III] and [C II], strong nebular lines, from the Interstellar Medium (ISM) and analyze it with the star-formation rate (SFR) and metallicity of local analogs. [C II] was detected in three systems which indicated that these systems are not suppressed as observed in z > 6 galaxies and the fluxes were consistent with the correlation found with SFR in the Dwarf Galaxy Survey (DGS). We examined the [O III]/[C II] flux ratios and found them to be consistent with DGS data but lower than ALMA constraints in z > 6 galaxies. We speculate that there are strong lower ionization lines in the photodissociation regions in the local analog, due to how ISM is structured, compared to z > 6 galaxies. |
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J01.00003: Study on Optical Behaviors of Materials for Galactic Cosmic Radiations Richard Kyung, Katherine H Choi Recently, the research on Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) has been accelerating with the progress of space development, such as Moon-Mars exploration. |
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J01.00004: An introduction to astronomical data reduction: How do you do, NGC-6822? Jonathan Loomis Blue Compact Dwarfs (BCD) are low-metallicity galaxies with high star formation rates (SFR). We will investigate the low metallicity of the BCD's, such as NGC 6822. Using the University of Hawaii's 2.2 meter telescope data acquired with the STACam imager in the R, SII, and Hα filters. There are a total of 16 CCD's, which have inherent overscan regions that must be removed. Additionally, there is excess data in areas, including overscan where no data should be, that must be accounted for and subtracted. Following this, implementing the World Coordinate System (WCS) allowed us to map the image to the true sky using bright stars as reference points to identify extended regions that have existing observations in other bands. DAO Starfinder was also used to identify stars individually with coordinates that can be verified with other catalogs. Ongoing efforts consist of analyzing data from other spectra as well, including using the UH 2.2 meter SNIFS to obtain spectroscopic data. |
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J01.00005: Searching for Low-Energy Antihelium with AMS-02 Jesus D Negrete The search for cosmic antihelium provides a new opportunity to learn about important problems in modern physics: the antimatter asymmetry and the nature of dark matter. A first-time discovery of cosmic antihelium would be a strong indicator of unknown antimatter sources in our Galaxy. Based on Monte Carlo simulations, this contribution discusses the current status of the low-energy antihelium analysis with the AMS-02 experiment on the International Space Station. The low-energy region has the advantage of a highly suppressed astrophysical background. |
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J01.00006: Finding Dynamical Chaos in Stellar Models Giovanni Paz-Silva, Nicholas J Nelson, Ian S Edwards, Bjorn Larsen Stellar structure and evolution models are foundational to much of astrophysics by providing a big range in evolution calculations for astrophysics research. Since modern stellar evolution models can approach a precise stellar model followed by a series of equations that describe the chemical composition, fluid dynamics, thermodynamics, and other properties of stars that are calculated by astrophysics. These equations are highly complex, and it is in our goal to show if these equations and stellar model simulations are chaotic. |
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J01.00007: New Calculation of the Time of the Universe from Beginning to End (from Big Bang to Big Bang) Gh. Saleh Considering that the universe was created from the Big Bang phenomenon and the Big Bang is an explosive process, it can be said that the universe continues to expand after the formation of stars, and the galaxies move away from each other. |
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J01.00008: Table-top Analogues Using Chemical Waves: Gravitational Lensing Effect Kiyomi L Sanders, Niklas Manz Gravitational lensing is an astrophysical phenomenon that occurs when a massive object deviates the path of light travelling from a distant source - as the waves follow the geodesics of the space-time manifold. This effect can cause an observer to see two virtual images of the source. We built a simple table-top analogue of this astronomical effect using propagating chemical reaction-diffusion waves (as an analogue for the light rays) and spatial anomalies, which closely approximate the Schwarzschild metric of a gravity well. We show how this simple system can be used to visualize the creation of virtual suns, when light passes through a strong gravitation field around a massive object on its way to the observer on Earth. |
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J01.00009: The Clustering of XBCDs Franccesca Scheckel In this paper, we will analyze the composition of extremely blue compact dwarf galaxies(XBCDs) with their proximity to large galaxies. We will identify the strength of the star formation rate in the XBCD and correlate it with their chemical abundance. Studies on this relationship are not common but the research will be conducted from historical data. When galaxies are young and small like XBCDs, they will have little metal abundance because they will not have much star formation. The process of star formation uses cooled and condensed recycled material from supernovae which produce heavy metals, therefore the more star formation a galaxy has, the higher the abundance would be. We expect that companion galaxies would interfere with that cooling process which would in turn keep the intergalactic medium of the XBCDs warm and halt star production. We plan to present the correlation of the abundance in XBCDs to the number of clusters of companion galaxies. |
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J01.00010: Detecting Dark Matter Subhalos Using Gaia-1 and Other Stellar Streams Brigette L Vazquez Segovia, Ana Bonaca, Ethan Nadler Dark matter makes up approximately 85% of all matter in our universe, however due to its purely gravitational interaction, its nature is one of the biggest open questions in astronomy. Dark matter is predicted to come in the form of gravitationally bound clumps, subhalos. Different theoretical models of dark matter predict distinct abundances of low mass subhalos. While low mass subhalos are hard to detect, stellar streams, long ribbons of stars, are the most sensitive probe of subhalos due to their high gravitational sensitivity. We use a simulation of cold dark matter subhalos in a Milky Way-like galaxy to predict which of the dozens previously detected stellar streams in the Milky Way have had a higher chance of interaction with a subhalo. Specifically, we focus on the stellar stream Gaia-1 due to its large apocenter and stream length that gives it a high probability of having been impacted by subhalos in the past. We find 5 close interactions between Gaia-1 and subhalos of a mass larger than 107 Msun in the last 1 Gyr. This analysis can be applied to other stellar streams and provide us with a robust ranking of stellar streams with high probable interactions and interpretation of future LSST observations. |
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J01.00011: Image Distortion Correction for STACam Narrow Band Filters Aidan Walk, Edward Ward, Franccesca Scheckel, Jonathan Loomis, Marianne Takamiya Star formation rates (SFRs) inside of galaxies help constrain models of galaxy formation and the current stage of the Universe. SFRs are determined by accurately calculating the Hα (6563 Å) emission line flux in a star forming region. It is important to remove the continuum emission measured in broad R-band images from the narrow Hα-band images to better constrain emission line fluxes. This is a challenging task when obtaining data with large field-of-view imagers in excellent seeing conditions, like in the case of Mauna Kea. Obtaining data with STACam employed on the UH2.2-meter telescope, varying filter characteristics induce distortions as large as 1.5 arcseconds at the edge of the image field. A distortion solution and correction is necessary to mitigate this effect. |
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J01.00012: Modeling Intrinsic Flux of Star Forming Regions in NGC 6822 Edward Ward, Marianne Takamiya, Laurie Rousseau-Nepton, Aidan Walk, Franccesca Scheckel, Johnathan Loomis NGC 6822 is a nearby irregular dwarf galaxy located in the Local Group and is currently undergoing significant star formation. Newly formed stars (OB type) emit UV radiation that excites the surrounding interstellar medium (ISM) which then fluoresces. The problem comes from large amounts of gas and dust occupying the ISM, affecting how we observe light in these regions (extinction). The most ubiquitous emission from the ISM comes from hydrogen which will be heavily scattered and absorbed by colder gas. The observed ISM emission is thus an underestimate of the intrinsic emission. In order to correct the spectrum of a source for extinction we used the Cardelli extinction law and measured the Hα/Hβ ratio to generate an absorption spectrum. I have implemented this procedure with a python code and applied it to a data cube of NGC 6822 obtained with the SITELLE instrument at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope. The SITELLE instrument is an optical imaging Fourier transform spectrometer capable of providing medium resolution spectroscopic data across the entire galaxy. I applied my corrected data to generate a new set of intrinsic flux data. With an extinction-corrected spectrum of NGC 6822 we will calculate star formation rates across the galaxy. |
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J01.00013: Vacuum chamber design and construction for ultracold atom experiments Samuel A Smith, Justin Craven, Hyewon Petchkis, Joseph Petchkis, Gabriel Delich, Farhan Rehman, Esteban Teran, Andre Roths, Tony Grubesic, Elliott Meeks, Yolie Reyes We report on the design and construction of a vacuum chamber for ultracold atom experiments. The vacuum system is built around a custom 6-way cross donated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Ultrahigh vacuum pressure is achieved to allow for long lifetimes of trapped atomic samples. We will discuss the design considerations of the vacuum system as well as the anti-Helmholtz coil design to achieve a wide range of magnetic field gradients for the magneto-optical trap (MOT). We will also discuss the laser systems, automated computer control via the Labscript suite, and our timeline for producing ultracold atoms. |
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J01.00014: Electrical conductivity of non-equilibrium warm dense aluminum measured by single-shot THz spectroscopy Danielle Brown, Zhijiang Chen, Mianzhen Mo, Adrien Descamps, Siegfried H Glenzer, Benjamin K Ofori-Okai, Lars Seipp, Anthea Weinmann Understanding warm dense matter (WDM) is crucial to fields such as planetary astrophysics and fusion energy. Specifically, the electrical conductivity of WDM is vital for developing accurate models of planetary formation and inertial fusion ignition. We present measurements of the electrical conductivity of laser-generated warm dense aluminum (WD-Al). |
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J01.00015: Energy spectrum of graphene and multi-layer graphene quantum dots with parabolic confinement. Carver Goldstein, Yafis Barlas Graphene is an ambipolar two-dimensional crystal consisting of a hexagonal lattice of carbon atoms. Quantum dots in graphene and multi-layer graphene can be created by parabolic confinement of hole/electron-doped regions in an electron/hole-doped graphene sample. We calculate the eigenenergy spectrum and the local density of states of graphene and multilayer quantum dots with parabolic confinement. Our results have implications for the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) experiments on graphene and multi-layer graphene quantum dots. |
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J01.00016: Modification of Nanosphere Templates for Nanocap and Antidot Magnetic Thin Film Fabrication Alejandro Zafra, Jiyeong Gu Previous work with curved magnetic thin films, such as nanocap thin films, has suggested the formation of exotic magnetic states that arise from their geometry with possible applications in biomedicine, data storage, and spintronics. This study aims to better understand the parameters, such as nanosphere diameter, nanocap shape, gap between the nanocaps, that give rise to these magnetic states by modifying polystyrene nanosphere templates via reactive ion etching (REI). Investigation into the etching of nanosphere templates by changing pressure and gas composition, as well as comparing different particle sizes, achieved a recipe for a controlled etching. Use of scanning electron microscope confirms even etching and spacing between hexagonal close packed nanosphere structures. Focused ion beam (FIB) used for cross-sectional imaging show the etched nanospheres change to spheroid shapes and sheds light on the coverage during thin film deposition. Magnetic switching property and magnetic configuration of these modified nanocap thin films will be discussed. |
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J01.00017: Replica Wormholes and Holographic Entanglement Negativity Sean A McBride, Xi Dong, Wayne W Weng Recent work has shown how to understand the Page curve of an evaporating black hole from replica wormholes. However, more detailed information about the structure of its quantum state is needed to fully understand the dynamics of black hole evaporation. Here we study entanglement negativity, an important measure of quantum entanglement in mixed states, in a couple of toy models of evaporating black holes. We find four phases dominated by different types of geometries: the disconnected, cyclically connected, anti-cyclically connected, and pairwise connected geometries. The last of these geometries are new replica wormholes that break the replica symmetry spontaneously. We also analyzed the transitions between these four phases by summing more generic replica geometries using a Schwinger-Dyson equation. In particular, we find enhanced corrections to various negativity measures near the transition between the cyclic and pairwise phase. |
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J01.00018: Creating a gravity power plant by using gravitational turbines Gh. Saleh The gravitational wave energy that passes the Earth's surface in one square meter is so large and so efficient. If it can be used, the affordable, clean, everlasting energy can be produced in everywhere and at any time. |
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J01.00019: Exact solutions on the defored Hermitian-Yang-Mills (dHYM) equation with the quantum gravity Zhi an Luan Using the Courant algebroid (CA) and geometric invariant theory (GIT), I give totally analytical exact solutions on the dHYM equation: |
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J01.00020: GAPSimulator Zachary Bailey, Ben P Weiss, Philip von Doetinchem Our project is to create a more accurate and accessible application to showcase the research being conducted by the General Anti-Particle Spectrometer (GAPS) research team. The GAPS particle detector will conduct a high-altitude survey over Antarctica to detect cosmic rays. GAPS is designed to detect the lowest-energy anti-deuterons ever recorded for the purpose of understanding dark matter interactions. In order to communicate these results to the general public, we improved upon the work of a past project which visualizes the GAPS detector and its detection using the 3D modeling software Blender and the augmented reality functionality of the software Unity. First, we have updated the geometry of the detector and the particle tracks to reflect the most current version. To do this, the model for the detector and each interaction event was processed in Blender, then imported into Unity. The particle tracks were also animated in order to convey the temporal data recorded in each interaction. Finally, the process by which new detector geometry and detection events are imported into Blender was also revamped for easier development in the future. With this complete, we published the application to the Google Play Store and imported the project to Xcode to publish it on the Apple App Store to increase accessibility. |
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J01.00021: Application of Machine Learning for Low Energy Electron LArTPC Reconstruction William J Barden Detection of Low Energy Neutrino interactions in a liquid argon time-projection chamber (LArTPC) rely are reliant on detection of both ionization electrons and scintillation – emitted photons. The scintillation photons provide the necessary timing information to properly reconstruct the event. Efficiency of photon detection decreases with the energy level of the interaction. Well understood mechanisms for electron diffusion within the LArTPC can be utilized to accurately predict the drift coordinate in place of the scintillation data. A machine learning algorithm is to be trained on simulation data to deduce the appropriate timing values from electron drift, eliminating the need for photodetection, and overall simplifying the detection apparatus. |
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J01.00022: Crab Cavity Low-Level RF Design Simulation Tools for the Electron-Ion Collider Trevor G Loe, Trevor L Hidalgo, Themis Mastoridis, Matti Toivola The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) requires crab cavities to compensate for a 25 mrad crossing angle and achieve maximum luminosity. The crab cavity Low-Level Radio Frequency (LLRF) system will need to regulate the crabbing/uncrabbing voltages and reduce the transverse impedance presented to the beam, while maintaining low levels of injecting noise to avoid transverse emittance growth and luminosity reduction. In this work, we present simulation tools and analytical formalisms that estimate the beam performance (transverse position offset, jitter, emittance growth, and stability) and transmitter power, as a function of LLRF architectures and parameters. These results will be used to determine the EIC crab cavity LLRF design. |
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J01.00023: Measurement of 1.3GHz Nb Cavity in High Magnetic Field for Axion Dark Matter Searches Mohammad Farhan Rawnak, Bianca Giaccone, Ivan Nekrashevich, Sam Posen The axion is one of the most compelling dark matter candidates that could solve both the dark matter mystery and the strong charge parity (CP) problem. Initial searches for the axion in high-energy and nuclear-physics experiments combined with astrophysical constraints suggested that the axion must be extremely light and exhibit very weak couplings to ordinary matter and radiation. Sikivie proposed the axion haloscope technique in which the axion can convert into photons in the presence of the strong magnetic field via the inverse Primakoff effect. A large fraction of the axion parameter space is accessible using this technique. The two parameters that affect the effectivity of the axion search are the quality factor of the cavity and the external applied magnetic field. The typical axion haloscope uses normal conducting cavities with the internal quality factor, Q0 << Qaxion =106 in the multi-Tesla field. Whereas the state-of-the-art superconducting radio frequency (SRF) niobium (Nb) cavities can achieve Q0 up to 1011. In order to understand if Nb SRF cavities can be successfully employed for axion haloscope searches, we investigated the quality factor degradation in presence of an applied magnetic field. In this poster, I will present the initial results of the study, focusing on the experimental setup, the measurement preparation, and the preliminary results of cavity Q0 degradation as a function of the applied magnetic field. |
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J01.00024: Electrical Testing of RD53A Pixel Modules for the Inner Tracker Pixel Detector Tanisha A Wilson The High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider will operate 13.6Tev and will have expected dose of 2·1016 neq/cm2. This upgrade will allow for increased proton-proton collisions at higher energies. The detectors around the LHC will need to upgrade their current sensors to account for increased event density and radiation levels. In the ATLAS detector, the innermost detector, the Inner Tracker(ITk) upgrade will replace the Inner detector and must trace events with the greatest density and highest radiation explosure. In this poster we examine the performance of the RD53A chip, a prototype to the ITk Pixel chip. This chip, along with the entire pixel module have been texted during various phases of assembly before it is assembled on a demonstrator unit. The pixel modules have been tested electrically to determine the quality of its bump bonds, silicon sensor performance, compatibility with its custom readout software, and noise distribution. Current progress has shown promising performance for 14 different modules that have been tested. |
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J01.00025: Neutrino Mass and Mixing: Exact Analytical solutions from the Generalized Newton's Laws Theory - Courant Algebroid on neutrino mixing will be rendered as Dirac Operator- its differential form as spinors for the metric bundle T+T* Zhi an Luan The origin of fermion mass hierarchies and mixing is one the unresolved and most difficult open problem in high-energy physics. Using the Generalized Newton's Laws, I will close this open problem. Main result includes three base theorems in the Topological Field Theory (TFT): |
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J01.00026: Laser power meter based on the photomechanical effect Nathan J Dawson, Frank Sun, Rocco T Shasho, Michael Crescimanno Laser power measurements use devices that transduce light energy into an electrical signal. Typical mechanisms used to measure laser power include the pyroelectric effect, photovoltaic effect, and thermoelectric effect. A method of measuring laser power using the photomechanical effect is presented in this poster. A diffraction grating was first imprinted on an poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) elastomer doped with the diazo chromophore, oil red O. The dispersive dye strongly absorbs blue and green light while transmitting red light. The first-order diffracted beam was measured with a 650nm laser and a 532nm pump laser was absorbed by the dye-doped PDMS film. The grating period increased when the green CW laser light was absorbed. The diffracted beam's angle was measured with a 5000-pixel linear CCD array. Two coupled rate equations were used to fit the angle as a function of time for many pump powers, which was used to calibrate the photomechanical laser power sensor. |
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J01.00027: Thermomechanical analysis of 3-, 4-, and 5-carbophenes using reactive MD simulations Chad E Junkermeier, Heather Osterstock, Adri C Van Duin Carbophenes are a novel class of two-dimensional hydrocarbons composed of alternating units of cyclobutene and cyclohexatriene. Using a combination of reactive force field molecular dynamics simulations in high throughput calculations and data science methods, we explore the temperature at which the carbophenes melt and their area thermal expansions. Although the methods produce differing results, trends are shared across models. The NPT and AHNPT demonstrate that carbophenes are stable to over 1200 K, but the NPT results tend to show the onset of melting at a slightly higher temperature than the AHNPT results. Like graphene, carbophenes contract as temperature increases when heated from 10 K to about 1500 K, as shown by the negative slope in the AHNPT models. The NPT models show more significant variation, with 3-carbophene and 5-carbophene expanding over 250 K to 450 K and 750 K to 1550 K, respectively. Since carbophenes are expected to have many practical applications, from molecular filters to nanofluidics, the effect of temperature on their mechanical properties must be considered in future engineering and research. |
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J01.00028: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Magnetic Properties of Novel Nickel Ruthenates: Li3+xNi2-xRuO6 Shinta Tanamas, Shahab Derakhshan, Brent Melot, Joanna Milam-Guerrero, Gemma Goh Antiferromagnetic (AFM) interactions in NaCl structure types have the potential to generate geometric magnetic frustration (GMF) due to its triangular sub lattice. To provide more insight on the structure to property relationship of these systems, a series of Li3+xNi2-xRuO6 (x=1, 0.75, 0.5, 0.25, 0) were implemented. These are adaptations of the Li3Ni2OsO6 and Li4NiOsO6 where the Ni and Os ions resulted in ferrimagnetic transitions. Purposefully replacing the 5d Os ions with the isoelectronic 4d Ru ions were to further understand the role of principle quantum number on resultant magnetism. The Li3+xNi2-xRuO6 series were successfully synthesized in the monoclinic crystal system with a C2/m space group using conventional solid state synthesis. Physical properties were explored through temperature dependent AC and DC magnetic susceptibility, field dependent magnetic susceptibility, heat capacity, electrical conductivity, and Seebeck coefficient measurements. |
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J01.00029: In-Flight Plasma Induced Silicon Synthesis and and Carbon Deposition for Lithium-Ion Battery Applications Kimberly Hizon, Brandon Wagner, Lorenzo Mangolini Lithium-ion batteries are rechargeable batteries commonly used in electronics. They consist of an anode, cathode, separator, and electrolytic material that allows for charge transfer. Commercial anodes use graphite which have a limited capacity of 372 mAh/g. With a capacity of 4200 mAh/g, silicon is a much more appealing option. However, it is not highly conductive and cannot expand much without causing structural failure. To overcome this, we implement a highly conductive carbon coating. Rather than a three-part process of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) in which we first plasma-produce silicon nanoparticles (SNP), coat with carbon by flowing acetylene (C2H2) in a separate vacuum furnace, and then graphitize the coating, we simplified this by implementing a two-stage plasma set up. In the first stage, we utilize a silane plasma to synthesize SNP, immediately followed by an acetylene plasma to coat with amorphous carbon. We then anneal the carbon-coated silicon in a furnace, graphitizing the carbon coating. We perform chemical analysis on the different silicon-carbon composite structures from our tests using energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and we also utilize transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine size of particles and to confirm silicon carbide is not being produced. Following this, we make and test batteries using these novel anodes. Plasma enhanced CVD allows for lower deposition temperature and higher purity, so by employing this method, we aim to increase electrochemical performance and stability. With this method and the manipulation of different parameters, such as silicon particle size, acetylene flow, and annealing temperature, we aim to produce viable silicon based anodes with a broad range of applications throughout industry. |
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J01.00030: Details of a single-shot terahertz apparatus optimized for high energy density sciences experiments Edna R Toro Garza, Danielle Brown, Siegfried H Glenzer, Benjamin K Ofori-Okai There has been increasing interest in terahertz (THz) techniques due to the unique opportunities they enable for imaging, sensing, and spectroscopy. Recently, the development of single-shot THz detection techniques has enabled THz measurements of materials driven to extreme conditions. Here, we present the details of a single-shot THz apparatus optimized for performing measurements of electrical conductivity materials laser excited to extreme conditions. A single-shot THz measurement is required for this study as the samples are irreversibly changed in each measurement, and this makes conventional THz detection unsuitable. We discuss the details of the experimental setup, the single-shot detection method, and compare different nonlinear crystals used for THz generation: Zinc Telluride (ZnTe), N-benzyl-2-methyl-4-nitroaniline (BNA), and N-benzyl-2-methyl-4-nitroaniline on sapphire (BNA-s). We compare the peak field, bandwidth, and spot size of THz electromagnetic transients produced by the different mediums. Finally, we discuss the relative strengths and weaknesses of the different THz generation crystals in their applications to studies of materials under extreme conditions. |
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J01.00031: Laser-enhanced nuclear fusion in the multiphoton regime Martin L Lindsey, John J Bekx, Karl-Georg Schlesinger, Siegfried H Glenzer Quantum tunneling between fusing nuclei is considered in the presence of a sinusoidal time-varying |
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J01.00032: New explanation for the nature and structure of the nucleus of atoms Gh. Saleh Given that each neutron is composed of an electron and a proton and the outer shell of neutron is made of electron, it could be said that the outer shell of a neutron has a negative electric charge or create a negative charge environment around itself and protons can be absorbed by the neutron shell and be attracted towards it. So in the helium nucleus, each proton absorbs two neutrons and repels the other proton. In a way, the resultant of these forces is zero, so our structure is stable. |
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J01.00033: Liouville Theory as a 2D Bulk Quantum Gravity Theory and Matrix Models Rahul K Balaji The aim of this program is to study the case of c=1 Liouville Theory having a dual description in terms of Matrix Quantum Mechanics (MQM) of N-ZZ D0 Branes. Here, instead of the conventional approach, where one interprets Liouville Theory as a worldsheet Conformal Field Theory (CFT, String Theory) embedded in a 2-dimensional target space, we take Liouville Theory as the Quantum Gravity Theory in bulk spacetime. This approach is corroborated by the fact that a holographic connection can be seen as in the case of a single Hermitian matrix model describing (2,p) minimal models coupled to gravity, where the physics of JT-gravity can be reached as a limit of these models. We study the aforementioned theory since it is a richer UV-Complete theory of 2D-gravity with matter. The Matrix Models here do not play the role of their boundary duals, but give a direct link to the third quantized Hilbert Space description, i.e The target space of c=1 string plays the role of the superspace in which these two dimensional geometries are embedded. From the Matrix Model point of view, we introduce appropriate loop operators to create macroscopic boundaries on the bulk geometry. We do this so that the boundary is of fixed size $l$ and is related to the temperature $\beta$ of the holographic dual theory. Here we are currently looking at two-point macroscopic loop operator correlators corresponding to Euclidean wormhole geometry and three-point correlators with a (local) Vertex operator on the same Geometry, which corresponds to the insertion of an operator on the boundary. We initially look at these objects at genus zero and then use MQM to study them at higher genera. |
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J01.00034: Study on the Abiotic Factors and Soil-derived DNA for Eco-friendly Organic Cultivation Jennifer Kwon Carbon dioxide, light conditions, and appropriate temperature are three significant factors affecting plants' growth. This study confirmed that the content and type of DNA—the genetic material contained within the soil—is also an essential element that impacts plant growth. |
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J01.00035: Transcending the Militarization of Physics Kathleen V Tatem Lingering historic military influences in physics and the academy resurface in modern conflicts in Hawaiʻi over telescope planning. I draw upon the philosophy of science of Thomas Kuhn to argue that the suppression of indigenous knowledge systems is part of the Kuhn loss of the paradigm of modern physics, and advocate for protection of indigenous lands and the professionalization of research in the foundations of physics to establish cross-cultural scientific dialogues and genuine inclusion of underrepresented people in physics. First conceptualized in 2012 at Columbia University, I outline an interdisciplinary research strategy in the foundations of physics that aims to take responsibility for the impacts of the Manhattan Project on physics itself. Based on insights in experimental physics and astronomy instrumentation, I show that the high middle ground demands of the Mauna Kea Movement, which cannot be met with astronomy instrumentation or optics, are aligned with my meditations on how to transcend the militarization of physics: that my interdisciplinary research is the path to the end of the era of the telescope as a research tool. Lastly, I introduce Tatem Research Institute, established in 2022 to prioritize research in the foundations of physics and diversify this field. |
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