Active Phytochemical Components in the Momordica Charantia and Alkaloids for the Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treatment

Momordica charantia has been used in traditional medicine to treat various diseases, including Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). This therapeutic effect is attributed to its rich content of bioactive phytochemical components and alkaloids. The active compounds in Momordica charantia help improve insulin sensitivity and offer potential protective effects against diabetes-induced complications via various biochemical pathways. This paper studied how Charantin acts synergistically with other compounds in bitter melon and contributes to its hypoglycemic effects by enhancing glucose uptake and metabolism. Vicine, which is a pyrimidine nucleoside that occurs naturally in Momordica charantia, was also studied to determine the genetic effect. Although its mechanism of action is not fully known, there is evidence suggesting that vicine induces hypoglycemia by mimicking insulin action.

Using computer simulations, various compounds such as Momordicin, Polypeptide-p, and Alkaloids were modeled and analyzed for their functional efficacy. Their structural similarity to insulin allows them to interact with insulin receptors, promoting glucose uptake by cells.

In this research, an open-source molecular editing program with an auto-optimization feature that calculates the theoretical values of a molecule’s physicochemical properties was used to model the nanoscaled compounds.