Bulletin of the American Physical Society
Fall 2021 Meeting of the Eastern Great Lakes Section
Volume 66, Number 15
Friday–Saturday, November 12–13, 2021; Virtual; Eastern Time
Session J02: Oral Session 2 |
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Chair: Jay Mathews, University of Dayton |
Saturday, November 13, 2021 10:15AM - 10:30AM |
J02.00001: Single Molecule Investigations of Telomeric Overhangs Hamza Balci, Sajad Shiekh, Golam Mustafa, Mohammed Enamul Hoque, Eric Yokie, John Portman The ends of linear chromosomes in human cells contain repeating GGGTTA sequences. These telomeric regions contain \textasciitilde 10,000 bp of double stranded DNA in addition to 50-300 nt long a single stranded overhang. The telomeric overhangs fold into G-quadruplex structures that protect and cap these otherwise vulnerable regions. GQ structures are known to inhibit telomerase, a ribonucleoprotein complex that elongates telomeres, which is upregulated in most cancers. Therefore, understanding the folding patterns, stability, and dynamics of telomeric overhangs is of both fundamental and medical significance. We will present the results of our single molecule fluorescence measurements and computational studies on the accessibility and folding patterns of telomeric overhangs that are of physiologically relevant lengths. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, November 13, 2021 10:30AM - 10:45AM |
J02.00002: Azo Dye Functionalization of Polycarbonate Membranes for Molecular Dye Removal Sean McBride, Ashton Caruthers, Michele Fortner, Carrie Cockerham Negatively charged contaminants enter our global freshwater reserves from a variety of sources including the agriculture, textile, and pharmaceutical industries. Molecular azo dyes are used heavily in the World's growing textile industry, which contributes to roughly one-fifth of the industrial water pollution. In aqueous solutions, azo dye compounds dissociate into positive sodium ions and a negatively charged dye molecule. The research presented illustrates that polycarbonate filtration membranes with 100 nanometer diameter holes functionalized with azo dye molecules can successfully remove the negatively charged azo dye components from water. Rejection measurements are made using Ultra Violet Visible light Spectroscopy on the pre and post filtered solution. The rejection and flowrate response of three filters functionalized using three separate azo dyes, each with a different intrinsic ionic charge will be presented. The rejections at 50 \textmu M are on par with polycarbonate filters functionalized with self-assembled gold nanoparticle membranes; however, the azo dye functionalized membranes at this concentration have an order of magnitude higher flow rate under the same testing conditions. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, November 13, 2021 10:45AM - 11:00AM |
J02.00003: Is Quantum Money a Waste of Time? Christian Querrey, Noah Lindsell Since Weisner's proposal in 1983, the idea of quantum money has received little attention. However, new advancements and research in digital currencies, quantum communication, and quantum cryptography present attractive avenues which warrant revisiting the idea quantum money. Current cryptographic currencies solve the double-spending problem often by integrating a blockchain which is backed by hard-to-solve cryptographic hash functions. The study of Quantum Information presents many concepts such as quantum teleportation, quantum digital signatures, and quantum secret sharing which make its application to such problems extremely attractive and a rich source of scientific research. In this study, we ask ourselves the question, "Is Quantum Money a waste of time?" We first discuss the vulnerabilities and inefficiencies of present digital currency schemes. We then proceed to a thorough literature review and categorization of research regarding quantum money since Weisner's proposal, discussing the improvements each scheme proposes, and classifying the methods used to do so. Finally, we motivate our own proposals to incorporate quantum technology into cryptocurrency. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, November 13, 2021 11:00AM - 11:15AM |
J02.00004: Theoretical Modeling of GeSn Waveguide Emission Zairui Li, Imad Agha, Jay Mathews Laser devices operating in the short to mid infrared region are typically made from direct band gap III-V materials, which are not compatible with Si electronics. Thus, finding Si-compatible photonic materials to provide for integrated lasers has become a major area of research. Developing a COMS compatible on-Si NIR laser that can operate at room temperature (RT) is a critical component for integrated photonics. The optical properties GeSn alloys and their the growth of GeSn on Si makes this alloys a candidate for photonic devices. Many research have success on making such lasing devices with There have been several successful demonstrations of lasing in waveguides fabricated from GeSn, however no RT lasing has been demonstrated. Developing new optical gain materials into lasing devices are ideally begin with a well understanding of the material properties. In practice, the orientation of fabrication, experiments and modeling towards making new laser device may not be trivial. Since Ge and GeSn are not as well studied as other well-known lasing materials, the lack of understanding might be the roadblock of getting RT lasing. In this presentation, a modeling of GeSn optical properties and GeSn waveguides simulation compel with our experiment and other successful research result will be discussed. The modeling outcome provides help for further research. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, November 13, 2021 11:15AM - 11:30AM |
J02.00005: Studying synthesis of Hg-196 through measurement of capture reaction cross-section of (p, $\gamma$), (p, n) and (p, $\alpha$) reactions. Khushi Bhatt, Michael Famiano, Shivi Saxena, Ramakrishna Guda, Asghar Kayani, Hayden Karrick, Mark Siegel, Shiva Agarwal, Luke Bessler, Trevor Wendt, Christopher Desmon, Claire George, Eric Helgemo The p-nuclei (proton-rich nuclei) are among the rarest of all the known stable nuclei. Although majority of nuclei heavier than iron are produced by neutron capture processes, p-nuclei cannot be produced by any of those processes. The astrophysical processes responsible for the synthesis of p-nuclei are not fully understood. Of the 35 known p-nuclei, the heaviest is Hg-196. The synthesis of Hg-196 is studied through the method of activation using (p, $\gamma )$, (p, n) and (p, $\alpha )$ reactions. A mono-energetic beam of proton is incident on a homogeneously thin, solid HgS (mercury sulfide) target of \textasciitilde 10 mg/cm$^{2}$ thickness and capture reaction cross-sections are measured for each reactions mentioned above. The specific kind of required mercury target has been developed using the drop-casting method, at ambient temperature and pressure. The production methods are described along with the experimental method resulting in a self-calibrating activation experiment. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, November 13, 2021 11:30AM - 11:45AM |
J02.00006: Complementary Two-Particle Correlation Observables for Relativistic Nuclear Collisions Mark Kocherovsky, George Moschelli, Sean Gavin, Zoulfekar Mazloum Two-particle correlations are a widely used tool for studying relativistic nuclear collisions. Multiplicity fluctuations have been studied as a possible signal for QGP and the QCD critical point. Momentum correlations and covariances of momentum fluctuations, which arise from the same correlation function, have also been used to extract properties of the nuclear collision medium such as the shear viscosity to entropy density ratio, the shear relaxation time, and temperature fluctuations. We derive a mathematical relationship between several number and momentum density correlation observables and outline the different physics mechanisms often ascribed to each. This set of observables also contains a new multiplicity-momentum correlation. Our mathematical relation can be used as a validation tool for measurements, as a method for interpreting the relative contributions of different physics mechanisms on correlation observables, and as a test for theoretical and phenomenological models to simultaneously explain all observables. We compare an independent source model to simulated events from PYTHIA for all observables in the set. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, November 13, 2021 11:45AM - 12:00PM |
J02.00007: Wheeler Dewitt equation in spacekime Yueyang Shen, Milen Velev, Ivo Dinov Wheeler Dewitt quantum geometrodynamic equation is perhaps the oldest attempt to quantize gravity. In its classical form, the WDE lacks an explicit time reference. Its analytical expression suggests universal \textit{timelessness} encoded in a frozen time and stationary operator equation \begin{figure}[htbp] \centerline{\includegraphics[width=0.54in,height=0.19in]{261020211.eps}} \label{fig1} \end{figure} . The latter presents a philosophical conundrum because it suggests the universe is static rather dynamical. This is the manifestation of background independence in canonical quantum gravity, where the physical laws dictate independence of the coordinate selection and impossibility of an absolute time. WDE implies that quantum physical states do not evolve according to external background time. In practice, quantum states are frequently observed as evolving according to some selected quantized degrees of freedom, i.e., internal time. In this current work, we explore the representation for WDE in higher-dimensional space-time representations of the universe initiated by Kaluza and Klein. We extend the univariate event ordering time from the positive reals to the complex plane, where system dynamics can be defined in terms of complex-time (kime). Following the techniques developed by Freidel, we review the 4$+$1 formalism that gives rise to a radial WDE foliated by Lorentzian hypersurfaces. We also give a roadmap to derive the explicit equation in 3$+$2 space-kime using double foliation techniques. Finally, we also provide a discussion beyond linear gravity and illustrate connections between WDE, quantum gravity, data science, and artificial intelligence. -/a [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, November 13, 2021 12:00PM - 12:15PM |
J02.00008: Doppler effect of time-varying velocities and its applications Qian Chen Currently, all Doppler effect formulas don't include the timing of velocity. Hence, its application includes the implicit assumption of a constant velocity during the period from the light emission to measurement. A time-varying Doppler effect formula is mathematically derived from the principle of constant light speed, which is consistent with the classical and the redshift formulas. This formula is also supported by existing experiments and theoretically proved by Maxwell's wave equations. This paper shows that the Doppler effect is the result of the time scaling factor between the light emission time and the observation time caused by the varying propagation delay. The cosmological redshift can be explained with the same time scaling factor. Hence the time varying Doppler effect and cosmological redshift can be represented in one single formula. The Doppler effect is of great use in astronomy. Since the light from remote stars detected from Earth may be from millions of years ago, it is difficult to assume that these stars kept moving at constant velocity for the long period. The potential application of this time-varying Doppler effect formula in cosmology is discussed with the examples of cosmological redshift and Hubble's law. [Preview Abstract] |
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