Bulletin of the American Physical Society
64th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics
Volume 67, Number 15
Monday–Friday, October 17–21, 2022; Spokane, Washington
Session GO04: ICF: Advanced DriversLive Streamed
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Chair: Raoul Trines, Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom Room: Ballroom 111 A |
Tuesday, October 18, 2022 9:30AM - 9:42AM |
GO04.00001: Development of compact multi-beam ion accelerators for plasma heating Qing Ji, Nicholas Valverde, Arun Persaud, Yuetao Hou, Di Ni, Ariel Amsellem, Ved Gund, Meera V Garud, Zhihao Qin, Peter A Seidl, Khurram K Afridi, Amit Lal, Steven M Lund, Thomas Schenkel Reducing the size, power needs and cost of accelerators opens new opportunities in mass spectrometry, ion implantation and ultimately plasma heating for fusion. We report on the development of multi-beam radio frequency (RF) linear ion accelerators that are formed from stacks of low cost wafer-based components (silicon or printed circuit boards). This implementation allows us to operate multiple ion beams in parallel for increased current densities per wafer in a multi-beamlet arrangement compared to a single beam with one large aperture. When scaled to high beam power, with ion currents of many amperes and ion kinetic energies >1 MeV, our approach offers a low cost route to heat plasmas for potential future fusion energy applications where an order of 1 MJ of beam energy can be delivered into plasma target. It can also be advanced for the development of cost competitive fusion drivers for inertial confinement fusion. We will report the beam demonstration of 100 keV Ar+ ions using an array of 112 beamlets in stacks of 32 wafers.The acceleration gradient is approximately 0.4 MV/m. |
Tuesday, October 18, 2022 9:42AM - 9:54AM |
GO04.00002: Integrated simulations of proton fast ignition of inertial fusion targets Javier J Honrubia, Vincezo Rosciano, Alfonso Mateo, Pravesh K Patel, Markus Roth Ion fast ignition (IFI) is an alternative scheme with lower energy and symmetry drive requirements [Roth et al., PRL 86, 436 (2001)]. Many ion beam requirements estimated so far for IFI are based on strong assumptions about beam focusing and beam-plasma interaction. Some effects have been ignored, such as: i) divergence of laser-driven protons generated in hollow cones [Morace et al., Sci. Rep. 12, 6876 (2022)], ii) anomalous energy deposition of intense ion beams in resistive plasmas [Kim et al., PRL 115, 054801 (2015)], and iii) improved modelling of stopping power. Dedicated experiments have shown the BPS stopping model [Brown et al., Phys. Rep. 410, 237 (2005)] fits the measurements of ion stopping, while the standard models show substantial differences. |
Tuesday, October 18, 2022 9:54AM - 10:06AM |
GO04.00003: Hole-Boring Radiation Pressure Acceleration of parabolic front surface target generates tightly focused energetic ion beam compatible with fast ignition Jihoon Kim, Roopendra Singh Rajawat, Tianhong Wang, Gennady Shvets Fast Ignition (FI) provides a promising alternative to conventional Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) by reducing sensitivity to Rayleigh Taylor Instability and yielding higher gain. However, FI requires a separate ignitor beam which must be ultrashort(sub-ps) and tightly focused. We show via Particle-In-Cell simulations that a target with parabolically shaped front surface can be accelerated and focused to a very small spot using a readily available laser. A simple theoretical model based on Hole-Boring Radiation Pressure Acceleration mechanism is developed to explain the result. This scheme is scalable and can be used for a wide range of laser power to focus ions to variable focal lengths and can generate fs-scale ultrahigh energy density/flux beams. We show as an example that an ultrahigh power (100PW) ultrashort O(fs) laser can generate FI-compatible beams with almost O(kJ) beam energy focused to a spot of a few microns. |
Tuesday, October 18, 2022 10:06AM - 10:18AM |
GO04.00004: Design study of isochoric compression of DT capsules for ignition-scale proton fast ignition experiments L. C Jarrott, Matthias Broenner, Stefano Atzeni, Paul Gibbon, Andrea Hannasch, Doug Hammond, Markus Hesse, Javier Honrubia, Pravesh K Patel, Maggie Rivers, Gabriel Schaumann, Nils Schott, Wolfgang R Theobald, Florian Wasser, Sero Zaehter, Marc Zimmer In the fast ignitor scheme, the assembly of a high-density inertial fusion target and the subsequent heating of a small "ignition spark" region are separated. The former being driven by a spherically distributed configuration of nanosecond-scale laser beams while the latter derives from a high-intensity, picosecond-scale laser which accelerates either electrons or protons that subsequently deposit their energy into the ignition spark region temporally near peak compression. With the compression and heating phases separated, the symmetry and thermodynamic requirements associated with producing an isobaric central hot spot are eliminated, opening the door for more opportunistic compression schemes centered solely on the maximization of density and areal density. One such example is isochoric compression. Isochoric compression involves compressing the inertial fusion target to uniform density and, ideally, low and uniform entropy. This uniform density profile results in comparatively higher areal densities than equivalent isobaric compression schemes by a factor of the hot spot aspect ratio to the two-thirds power. We present initial design studies of isochoric compression simulations at ignition scale using the one-dimensional radiation-hydrodynamics code, MULTI-IFE along with SESAME equation of state tables using both a multistage shock driver approach and a compression wave driver approach. The basis for this design follows the work of Guderley, Lazarus, and Clark utilizing self-similar flow variables as attractor solutions to the collapsing cavity problem. |
Tuesday, October 18, 2022 10:18AM - 10:30AM |
GO04.00005: Systems Studies for Heavy ion Fusion Roger O Bangerter, John J Barnard, Andris Faltens, Edward P Lee, Peter A Seidl
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Tuesday, October 18, 2022 10:30AM - 10:42AM |
GO04.00006: Heavy ion beams for Inertial Fusion Energy Thomas Schenkel, Jean-Luc Vay, William Waldron, Roger O Bangerter, Arun Persaud, Peter A Seidl, Lucas N Brouwer, Ji Qiang, Qing Ji, Alex Friedman, David Grote, John J Barnard, Edward P Lee In heavy ion fusion, fuel compression, heating and ignition is achieved with beams of heavy ions, complementary to laser driven IFE. Heavy ion drivers are attractive because of high accelerator wall-plug efficiency (>20%), robustness of accelerator optics, and ion energy deposition in fusion targets without plasma instabilities. Over the last decade, HIF driver R&D has progressed, but at a much slower rate compared to lasers and pulsed power approaches. We describe opportunities to advance HIF driver science and technology to reach the driver capabilities of a viable fusion power. A new class of heavy ion beams currently being developed at FAIR/GSI will (soon) enable experiments with multi-kJ GeV heavy ion pulses. This will advance our understanding of beam control and target coupling, together with advanced simulations. In paralle, recent advancements in particle accelerator R&D can be leveraged to inform a path to a compelling blueprint for HIF drivers. These include progress in lower cost pulsed power for induction linacs, massively scaled multi-beam RF linacs made by additive manufacturing, a new generation of high field superconducting magnets, new designs for recirculating linacs, and advances in laser-plasma ion acceleration. |
Tuesday, October 18, 2022 10:42AM - 10:54AM |
GO04.00007: Generalized Lawson Criterion for Proton-Boron Fusion Burn Driven by Short Pulse Lasers Thomas A Mehlhorn, Dale R Welch, Carsten H Thoma, Igor E Golovkin, Ming F Gu The Lawson criterion for p-B11 is substantially higher than that for D-T and bremsstrahlung radiation losses can dominate over fusion reactions. We present a generalized Lawson criteria for p-B11 using the latest cross section data and looking to limit radiation losses. Our hybrid burn scenario uses CPA-accelerated protons to add an energetic population to the distribution function and undergo beam fusion reactions that provide fast alpha particles that heat the fuel and up-scatter protons. We use HELIOS-CR and PROPACEOS to study the fusion burn space in a fluid approximation. We also are using the kinetic algorithms in Chicago to track the proton distribution function across the broad energy range encompassed by the bulk thermonuclear component from below and the slowing-down, beam-fusion component from above. We will report on the possibility of ignition and burn in these fast ignition-like configurations, accounting for the power balance between heating, thermonuclear and inflight fusion reactions, charged particle deposition, bremsstrahlung, thermal conduction, and hydrodynamic expansion. We will use models that include the effects of density and temperature on the interaction of charged particles in the plasma, including both slowing down and up scattering terms. |
Tuesday, October 18, 2022 10:54AM - 11:06AM |
GO04.00008: Shock Ignition in Indirect Drive L John Perkins, Jean-Michel Di Nicola, Darwin D Ho, Michael A Erickson, Mary L Spaeth, Kenneth R Manes, David J Strozzi, Jackson G Williams, Nuno Candeias Lemos, Marilyn B Schneider, Joshua Ludwig Shock ignition is an approach to ignition and thermonuclear burn in ICF that has the potential to produce higher fusion energy gains at lower laser drive energies compared with conventional central hotspot ignition. However, to date it has only been considered generally feasible in laser direct drive. Here, we present preliminary research that might permit shock ignition to be obtained in indirect drive in a hohlraum. Our conventional indirect drive ignition platform on NIF uses a single laser pulse shape to compress and ignite a thin shell of fusion fuel at high velocity. By contrast, here we assemble a thick, low velocity shell in indirect drive in 3w blue light that is then separately ignited by a strong shock driven by a subset of the NIF beams in 2w green light. By decoupling the compression from the ignition, significantly more fuel mass can be assembled and ignited, resulting in higher fusion yields/gains relative to conventional targets. Moreover, the thick, low-aspect-ratio shells may be less affected by symmetry and stability perturbations. A central issue will be LPI driven by the high intensity shock pulse. Compared to other advanced ICF ignition concepts, not only could this be testable on NIF with present day hardware (in all-blue light) or near-term hardware (mixed blue/green light) but, being indirect drive, its knowledge base is underpinned by the extensive experimental database of the NIF ignition program |
Tuesday, October 18, 2022 11:06AM - 11:18AM |
GO04.00009: A shock-augmented ignition approach to laser inertial fusion Robbie H Scott, Duncan Barlow, Alessandro Ruocco, Kevin Glize, Luca Antonelli, Matthew Khan, Alex B Zylstra, Ryan C Nora, Chris Weber, Vladimir Smalyuk, Andrea L Kritcher, Nigel C Woolsey A new laser inertial fusion pulse-shaping concept is described. Simulations indicate that variations in the laser power driving the implosion can launch a strong shock, enabling the shock-ignition of thermonuclear fuel [1], but with substantially reduced laser power and intensity requirements. Due to the reduced power requirements, high gain (∼100) shock-augmented ignition of large-scale implosions (outer radius∼1750μm, DT-ice thickness∼165μm) may be possible within the power and energy limits of existing facilities such as the National Ignition Facility. As the implosion velocity is reduced in comparison to conventional laser direct drive designs, susceptibility to the ablative Rayleigh-Taylor instability may be reduced. Furthermore, the reduced intensity-requirement with respect to shock-ignition reduce susceptibility to laser-plasma instabilities, such as Stimulated Raman and Brillouin Scatter, increasing laser coupling and reducing hot-electron pre-heat. |
Tuesday, October 18, 2022 11:18AM - 11:30AM |
GO04.00010: A Bayesian approach to inferring neutron spectra from projectile fusion James R Allison, Jonathan Shimwell, Rafel Bordas, Hugo W Doyle, Brian D Appelbe, Guy C Burdiak, Nicholas Hawker First Light Fusion have confirmed the first example of projectile-driven ICF, reporting a yield of approximately 50 neutrons at the expected 2.45 MeV energy from DD fusion. To support experimental progress from low to high yields, we developed a fully Bayesian method to infer physical properties of the source, including yield and plasma ion temperature. |
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