Session GP15: Poster Session: Fundamental Plasmas: Theory (9:30am - 12:30pm)

Kinetic Flux Rope Solutions with both Electron and Ion Effects

Exact nonlinear solutions of the Vlasov-Poisson- Amp\`{e}re system of equations, known as two-dimensional Bernstein-Greene-Kruskal (BGK) modes, and having magnetic field structures in the form of small-scale kinetic flux ropes were found previously under the assumption of a uniform ion density [Ng, Phys. Plasmas {\bf 27}, 022301 (2020)]. In this work, we generalize the theory by including distribution functions for both electrons and ions. New calculations using both electrons and ions distributions with finite electron/ion temperature ratios show that solutions generally exist, including realistic temperature ratios commonly observed in space plasmas. We construct solutions with kinetic effects coming from electrons, or ions, or both, with either positive or negative electric potential, demonstrating a large range of possibilities for kinetic flux rope solutions.   

Quasi-relaxed magnetohydrodynamics -- phase-space action with EXB constraint

A new formulation of time-dependent Relaxed Magnetohydrodynamics (RxMHD) has recently [R.L. Dewar, J.W. Burby, Z.S. Qu, N. Sato, and M.J. Hole, Phys. Plasmas \textbf{27}, 062504 (2020)] been derived variationally from Hamilton's Action Principle using a non-canonical phase-space version of the MHD Lagrangian with the phase space variables both being velocity fields, $\vec{u}$ and $\vec{v}$ (actual and reference flows, respectively). In the static case, this formalism gives Euler--Lagrange equations consistent with previous work on exact ideal and relaxed axisymmetric MHD equilibria with flow, but also generalizes the relaxation concept from statics to dynamics. The new dynamical formalism agrees with ideal-MHD equiilibrium theory in the case of flow purely parallel to the magnetic field, i.e. in the \emph{fully relaxed} case when the perpendicular electrostatic field is zero. While, the ideal (zero resistivity, no turbulent dynamo) Ohm's Law is not built in, and can be shown to be violated in dynamical evolution, the phase space Lagrangian method is shown to be sufficiently flexible as to allow the electrostatic ideal Ohm's Law to be added as a constraint to produce a Quasi Relaxed MHD (QRxMHD).   

Dirac brackets for incompressible hydrodynamics and MHD

It is shown how to impose the incompressibility constraint using Dirac's method in terms of both the canonical Poisson brackets in the Lagrangian variable description and the noncanonical Poisson brackets in the Eulerian description, allowing for the advection of density. Both cases give dynamics of infinite-dimensional geodesic flow on the group of volume preserving diffeomorphisms and explicit expressions for this dynamics in terms of the constraints and original variables is given. Because Lagrangian and Eulerian conservation laws are not identical, comparison of the various methods is made. The presentation will be based on the following: \\ P. J. Morrison, T. Andreussi, and F. Pegoraro, { \it Lagrangian and Dirac Constraints for the Ideal Incompressible Fluid and Magnetohydrodynamics}, J. Plasmas Phys. {\bf 86}, 835860301 (2020).   

A Class of 3D Gyroviscous MHD Models

It is well-known that Finite Larmor Radius (FLR) effects play a major role in governing the behavior of plasmas. Despite the undoubted importance of FLR contributions, 3D models that incorporated these effects - with one of the most notable being the (non-dissipative) gyroviscosity - in a self-consistent manner have been relatively few in number. Hence, a Hamiltonian and Action Principle (HAP) formalism for deriving 3D gyroviscous magnetohydrodynamic models is presented [1]. The uniqueness of the approach stems from constructing the gyroviscous tensor from first principles and its ability to explain the origin of the so-called gyromap and the gyroviscous terms. The procedure allows for the specification of free functions, which can be used to generate a wide range of gyroviscous models. Some of the implications of these models, especially in the context of the breakdown of angular momentum conservation, are discussed. [1] M. Lingam, P. J. Morrison & A. Wurm, A class of three-dimensional gyroviscous magnetohydrodynamic models, J. Plasma Phys., arXiv:2002.11272 (2020)   

Breaking into the Nuclear and Nucleosynthesis Codes

There is a critical absence of physical evidence supporting the stellar nucleosynthesis model, with reference to fusion of hydrogen protons into helium. Modern physics theory is either based upon this model or is unavoidably intertwined with it. To verify that the formation of helium nuclei and the energy emitted from the Sun are products of stellar fusion, a study of the reverse of fusion was undertaken. Since fusion of two or more protons cannot be observed, it was necessary to examine the methods by which the nuclei of 2753 unstable isotopes fission or decay into product nuclei by natural means. The study provided much new data about nuclei, stellar plasma and nuclear physics. But, the isotope research also revealed that not a single event of fusion between protons takes place in a star or elsewhere in the Universe. The new data showed that four protons cannot be fused, forced, compressed nor accelerated and collided into the stable bound state of an alpha particle. And without this nucleus, nucleosynthesis cannot proceed to the next phase, the CNO cycle. Even if such a fusion event occurred between two or more protons, it would consume more energy than could be produced by it. The elements, their common isotopes and the emitted stellar energy are in fact produced differently.   

Wave equations in nonlinear quantum electrodynamics

The nonlinear dynamics of counter-propagating laser beams offers a useful cross section of the physics of the nonlinear electromagnetic fields propagation in the quantum vacuum and in particular of the process of photon-photon scattering. At the same time it allows for the adoption of powerful analytical solution tools, such as the use of the hodograph transform (F. Pegoraro, S.V. Bulanov, Phys. Rev. D, 100, 036004 (2019)) which associates a linear problem to the initial nonlinear one by means of a nonlinear transformation. Here we present the nonlinear electromagnetic wave propagation in the long wave-length limit, as described by the Euler Heisenberg Lagrangian. Explicit solutions are presented and our analysis is extended to the case of the formation of a cumulation front in cylindrical geometry (F. Pegoraro, S.V. Bulanov, Rendiconti Lincei. Scienze Fisiche e Naturali, 31, 303 (2020))   

Electromagnetic Solitons in Quantum Vacuum

In the limit of extremely intense electromagnetic fields the Maxwell equations are modified due to photon-photon scattering that makes the vacuum refraction index depend on the field amplitude. In the presence of electromagnetic waves with small but finite wavenumbers the vacuum behaves as a dispersive medium. Here we present an analytical description (Phys. Rev. D 101, 016016 (2020)) of relativistic electromagnetic solitons that can be formed in a configuration consisting of two counter-crossing electromagnetic waves propagating in the QED vacuum. These extreme high intensity waves in the QED vacuum are described by partial diffrential equations that belong to the family of the canonical equations in the theory of nonlinear waves.   

Implications of Our Research on Alzheimer's

The continuous increase in the size of the universe and planetary movements in Planck lengths must alter the probabilities of the brain particles' interactions/entanglements, and the ON/OFF information the create, consistent with applicable references in [1]. If the idea of a female monkey to train her babies to communicate could later result in the human evolution of RNA/DNA, such process must cause mutation of a new virus under favorable conditions. The common front page common gears on [1] and [2] imply that quantum gears drive cosmic gears of gravity. The book [3] refers quantum gravity by Penrose, but does not refer [1], despite [1] addressing Feynman's view, raising a question if [3] addresses reality. [1] Goradia SG (2019) The Quantum Theory of Entanglement and Alzheimer's. J Alzheimer's Neurodegener Dis 5: 023. [2] Daniela H. (2020) THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC - Cases Show Disease's Effect on the Brain, Wall Street Journal 4/15. [3] Cobb M. (2020) THE IDEA OF THE BRAIN - the past and future of neuroscience, Basic Books, New York. Key Words: Quantum Entanglement, Mutation, Brain Physics.