Simultaneous Imaging and Diffraction from Shock Compressed Germanium at the LCLS*

By performing X-ray diffraction measurements at 10.5 keV perpendicular to the shock propagation direction, we investigate the response of germanium to shock loading. Furthermore, we present the simultaneous combination of phase contrast imaging (PCI) techniques with in situ X-ray diffraction perpendicular to the shock compression direction to further investigate multiple-wave features in laser-driven germanium. PCI allows one to take femtosecond snapshots of magnified real-space images of shock waves as they progress though matter. X-ray diffraction perpendicular to the shock propagation direction provides the opportunity to isolate and identify different waves and determine the crystal structure unambiguously. We combine these two powerful techniques simultaneously, by using the same Be lens setup to focus the fundamental beam at 8.2 keV to a size of 1.5 mm on target for PCI and the 3rd harmonic at 24.6 keV to a spot size of 2 µm on target for diffraction