Bulletin of the American Physical Society
2010 Fall Meeting of the APS Division of Nuclear Physics
Volume 55, Number 14
Tuesday–Saturday, November 2–6, 2010; Santa Fe, New Mexico
Session HE: Medical and Energy Applications of Nuclear Reactions |
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Chair: Alexander Saunders, Los Alamos National Laboratory Room: Coronado |
Friday, November 5, 2010 10:30AM - 10:42AM |
HE.00001: Research {\&} Development in Energy Security {\&} Reduced Carbon Emissions Sudip Sen, George Khazanov Reaching the goals of increased energy security and reduced carbon emissions poses significant challenges for science and technology, but it also creates substantial opportunities for innovative research and development (R{\&}D). In this work we highlight some of the key opportunities and identify public policies that are needed to enable the endeavors, maximize the probability of their success and facilitate their introduction into the marketplace. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, November 5, 2010 10:42AM - 10:54AM |
HE.00002: Cross Sections for Proton-Induced Reactions on $^{103}$Rh J. Benitez, E.B. Norman, H. Shugart, H. Yang, M. Pedretti Several different medically useful radioisotopes can be produced from proton induced reactions on $^{103}$Rh. While much data already exists, we have extended cross sections measurements up to 55-MeV proton energy. Stacks of $^{103}$Rh foils were bombarded with protons from Lawrence Berkeley National Lab's 88-Inch Cyclotron. By using the stacked foil activation technique, with copper foils as degraders, excitation functions from 25 MeV to 55MeV were obtained. Following the irradiations, beta-delayed gamma rays from each target were measured using high-purity planar and coaxial Ge detectors. We will present experimental details and excitation functions for the production of $^{99}$Pd, $^{100}$Pd, $^{101}$Pd, $^{103}$Pd, and $^{99}$Rh, $^{100}$Rh, $^{101}$Rh$^{g,m}$, $^{102}$Rh$^{g,m}$. Results from our measurements will be compared to previously published data. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, November 5, 2010 10:54AM - 11:06AM |
HE.00003: Cross sections for the $^{98}$Mo(d,p) reaction for $^{99}$Tc$^{m}$ production P. Chodash, C.T. Angell, J. Benitez, A. Czesumska, E.B. Norman, H. Shugart, E. Swanberg, H. Yang, M. Pedretti There is currently a global shortage of $^{99}$Tc$^{m}$, one of the most widely used medical isotopes. To alleviate this shortage, alternative methods for producing $^{99}$Mo, the parent isotope, are being evaluated. One possible technique is the use of a cyclotron to produce $^{99}$Mo via the $^{98}$Mo(d,p) reaction. Existing data for this reaction only covers the energy range from 0.8 to 13 MeV.\footnote{Z. Randa and K. Svoboda, \textit{J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem.} \textbf{39} (1977) 2121} This work extends cross section data up to 65 MeV in order to better evaluate cyclotron production of $^{99}$Mo. The stacked foil activation technique was used to measure the cross sections. Targets consisted of alternate layers of natural molybdenum and aluminum metal foils. The aluminum was used as an energy degrader, recoil catcher, and for the determination of the beam current. Cross sections for the $^{98}$Mo(d,p) reaction were determined from 10 MeV to 65 MeV using LBNL's 88-Inch Cyclotron. $^{99}$Mo production was determined by observing the 739.5 keV gamma ray using a high purity germanium detector. Results of the experiment will be presented. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, November 5, 2010 11:06AM - 11:18AM |
HE.00004: Surrogate measurement of the $^{238}$Pu($n,f$) cross section J.J. Ressler, J.T. Burke, J. Escher New reactor designs and materials, reprocessing efforts, and transmutation of nuclear waste play significant roles in the future of nuclear energy. New or improved neutron measurements on a number of isotopes are needed to determine feasibility, effectiveness, and safety issues for the novel engineering efforts. Data collection is often hampered by the need for radioactive targets; the use of radioactive targets is limited to longer-lived isotopes due to the large background induced by the decay of the material. Near stability, alternate, or ``surrogate'' reactions can be used to determine cross sections for isotopes of interest. In the actinide region, short-lived isotopes often have longer-lived neighbors; these isotopes can be used to form the same compound nucleus as the initial desired reaction. Decay from the compound state is assumed to be independent of the production reaction, allowing reactions with the neighboring isotopes to be used as a surrogate for the reaction of interest. Results from the neutron induced fission cross section of $^{238}$Pu, performed via surrogate $^{239}$Pu($\alpha, \alpha f$) will be shown. Further surrogate reactions of interest to nuclear energy data needs will also be discussed. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, November 5, 2010 11:18AM - 11:30AM |
HE.00005: 7-Be Implantation in Plastics for Prosthesis Wear Studies Uwe Greife, L. Erikson, N. Patel, M. Wimmer, Y. Dwiwedi, M. Laurent, K. Chipps, J. Blackmon, R. Kozub, D. Bardayan, C. Gross, D. Stracener, M. Smith, C. Nesaraya, E. Rehm, I. Ahmed, J. Greene The current generation of highly cross linked ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylenes (PE) for hip and knee joint replacement have achieved such low in vitro wear rates that efforts have been underway to develop more sensitive methods to measure polyethylene wear. The most widely used technique, the gravimetric method, suffers from the notable disadvantage that mass gain by fluid absorption can considerably exceed mass loss by wear, making the wear measurement inaccurate, sometimes even leading to negative ``wear'' values. The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the use of a radioactive tracer, beryllium-7 (7-Be), to circumvent the problem of fluid absorption and thereby achieve a much more sensitive and accurate wear measurement. This proof of principle study demonstrated the general feasibility of 7-Be implantation (performed at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility of Oak Ridge National Laboratory) for PE wear analysis. [Preview Abstract] |
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