Against the wind: pendant drop periodicity in ascending flow*

When exposed to an ascending flow, pendant drops oscillate at magnitudes determined by windspeed, drop diameter, and needle diameter. In this study, we investigate the retention stability and oscillations of pendant drops in a vertical wind tunnel. Oscillation is captured by a high-speed camera for a drop Reynolds number Re = 100-3000. Drops at Re ⪅ 1000 oscillate up to 12 times that of the drops with high Re. Increasing windspeed enables larger volume drops to remain attached to the needles above Re = 500. We categorize drop dynamics into 7 behavioral modes according to the plane of rotation and deformation of shape. Video frame aggregation permits the determination of a static, characteristic shape of our highly dynamic drops. Such a shape provides a hydraulic diameter and the evaluation of the volume swept by the oscillating drops with time. The maximum swept volume per unit drop volume occurs at Re = 600, corresponding to a peak in angular velocity.