Bulletin of the American Physical Society
76th Annual Meeting of the Division of Fluid Dynamics
Sunday–Tuesday, November 19–21, 2023; Washington, DC
Session A07: Biofluids: General II |
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Chair: Chris Roh, Cornell University Room: 103A |
Sunday, November 19, 2023 8:00AM - 8:13AM Author not Attending |
A07.00001: Abstract Withdrawn
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Sunday, November 19, 2023 8:13AM - 8:26AM |
A07.00002: Chemically-driven flows in active phase-separating systems Charu Datt, Jonathan Bauermann, Frank Jülicher The role of capillary forces and hydrodynamic flows in cellular organisation by liquid-liquid phase separation remains relatively unexplored. As living cells are inherently out of thermodynamic equilibrium, phase-separation phenomena inside them occur under non-equilibrium conditions. In this work, using theoretical and numerical calculations, we study phase-separating liquid mixtures that are maintained out of equilibrium through chemical reactions. We find that hydrodynamic flows generated by the active chemical reactions can lead to interesting dynamics and diverse patterns of the domains of the phase-separated liquids. In particular, for a certain range of values of the physical parameters, the patterns so formed show spatio-temporal chaos. In general, through our work, we explore the interplay of phase-separation physics, active chemical reactions and hydrodynamics, an exploration which we believe is essential for a physical understanding of intracellular organisation. |
Sunday, November 19, 2023 8:26AM - 8:39AM |
A07.00003: The wake of an insect pheromone trap Christopher Dougherty, Jena Shields, Brian Nault, Christophe Duplais, Chris Roh Male moths find distant calling females in heterogenous natural environments by flying upwind during pheromone plume tracking using general principles of optomotor anemotaxis. In agricultural field applications, pheromone lure-traps leveraging this behavior are employed in order to catch and count local male moth presence as a proxy for pest population statistics to inform timely intervention strategies. Recent pseudo-randomized lure-trap studies of the corn earworm moth around the perimeter of a corn field in upstate New York have shown yet-explained variability in catch count, with directional wind bias as an apparent contributing factor. More information regarding the downstream evolution of wind-driven pheromone plumes emanating from the synthetic lure source is required, however, prior to properly framing the effect of wind in capture statistics. This presentation explores observed trap count variability from the perspective of the spatial structure of plumes in their dynamic evolution downstream from two commonly used lure-trap designs subject to simulated field wind conditions using a multi-source fan array wind tunnel. |
Sunday, November 19, 2023 8:39AM - 8:52AM |
A07.00004: Impact of large periodic deformations on solute transport in soft porous media Matilde Fiori, Satyajit Pramanik, Christopher W MacMinn Soft biological tissues can be modelled as highly deformable porous media, characterised by a strong coupling between mechanical stimulation and fluid flow due to complex rearrangements of the pore space. In the context of living-tissue biomechanics or tissue engineering, the effects of large periodic deformations on solute transport and mixing can be of particular interest for predicting and/or controlling the motion of nutrients or waste substances. Here, we propose a 1D continuum model based on large-deformation poroelasticiy that links an applied periodic deformation to the resulting solute transport and mixing. Transport occurs through advection, molecular diffusion, and hydrodynamic dispersion, all of which are affected by the periodic deformation in specific ways. We explore the effects of several dimensionless parameters on the problem, focusing on the ones regulating the applied periodic load. We find that the amplitude and period of deformation influence the mechanical response of the material, which can belong to either a linear slow-loading or a nonlinear fast-loading regime. These mechanical regimes directly characterise the resultant movements of solutes. |
Sunday, November 19, 2023 8:52AM - 9:05AM |
A07.00005: Numerical study on vortex-induced vibration of undulatory seal whiskers, part II: two degrees of freedom Biao Geng, Qian Xue, Xudong Zheng, Mahdi Sangbori Seal whiskers are extraordinary hydrodynamic sensors with surface geometry specialized through evolution. Previous research has found that the unique undulatory shape of seal whiskers reduces the oscillation of lift force and consequently suppresses vortex-induced vibration (VIV). However, it is not well understood what information is used by the seals for sensing. To answer this question, it is important to investigate the VIV of seal whiskers systematically. In part II of this study, the two degrees of freedom (DOFs, cross flow and inline) VIV of a harbor seal whisker is solved using direct numerical simulation for parametrically varied reduced velocity and angle of attack (AOA, from 0° to 90°) at a constant Reynolds number of 300. The whisker is modeled as an elastically mounted rigid body with a mass ratio of 1 and a damping ratio of 0.02. Only one segment of the undulatory shape is considered by utilizing periodic boundary conditions. Preliminary analysis of the results shows that the inline degree of freedom has a very small effect on the cross-flow VIV when the AOA or reduced velocity is low. More detailed 2 DOF VIV responses and comparison with single DOF VIV will be presented. Together, the results give implications for the signal detection mechanisms of seal whiskers. |
Sunday, November 19, 2023 9:05AM - 9:18AM |
A07.00006: The termite mound as atmospheric water harvester Hunter King, Meron F Dibia Climate change-related stress on water resources will soon necessitate new technologies to access water, including those that directly harvest it from the air. Common approaches to condense atmospheric vapor at low humidity, which depend on energy-intensive refrigeration, present serious limitations on scalability where they are needed most. Sorbent materials are employed to make the process more efficient and preclude the need for refrigeration, but solutions proposed to date face similar challenges in scalable production. As we are not the first species to face the threat of water scarcity, we look to look to zero-energy solutions that have emerged from eons of natural selection for transformative ideas. Termites of the subfamily Macroterminitae present a stark example: Their brood and fungal crops require tightly controlled temperature and high humidity, yet these species are ubiquitous in regions with extreme daily temperature fluctuations and little to no precipitation or surface water for most of the year. Their survival depends on their ability to construct large, abiotic structures (mounds), towering above their inhabited nests, which passively regulate their climatic needs. We have previously illuminated the mound's passive transport mechanisms, which utilize geometry and material to alternatively dampen and harness external thermal oscillations for thermoregulation and convective internal ventilation, respectively. How they simultaneously manage the precarious water budget is not known. Their water needs are at odds with those of respiration, whose method is non-selective of chemical species. However, simple analysis reveals the necessary features of a sorbent-based, passive atmospheric water generator; use of porous, clay-rich material to enable reversible adsorbance of vapor at significant quantities; passive thermal cycling between uptake and release modes; and cyclic internal flow to transport desorbed moisture to thermally lagging condensation sites. We will present ongoing efforts to characterize and model termite mound performance in this light. |
Sunday, November 19, 2023 9:18AM - 9:31AM |
A07.00007: Acoustic streaming during root canal irrigation Anastasios Koulogiannis, Panagiota Angeli, Stavroula Balabani Ultrasonic irrigation during root canal treatment provides a way to enhance biofilm disruption. The challenge is to improve the fluid flow so that the irrigant reaches confined areas that are inaccessible to hand instrumentation such as the root canal and the dentinal tubules. The aim of this study is to experimentally investigate the acoustic streaming phenomena generated during ultrasonic irrigation. |
Sunday, November 19, 2023 9:31AM - 9:44AM |
A07.00008: Soil water harvest inspired by desert horned lizards Seungjoo J Lee, Junhee Choi, Wonseok Kim, Sohyun Jung, Sung Jae Kim, Wonjung Kim, Ho-Young Kim Desert-dwelling creatures have evolved ingenious water ingestion mechanisms for survival. Among them, desert horned lizards use a dermal drinking method, wherein integumental microchannels on their skin draw water from raindrops or wet soils via capillarity. However, the mechanism by which they effectively drink the water accumulated between their jaws after capillary transportation from their skin remains elusive. Here, we investigate the drinking mechanism of the desert horned lizard, Phrynosoma platyhinos. Our visualization of water drinking in the lizard reveals that jaw-opening collects water into the jaw corner, which is then squeezed into the mouth when the jaw closes. For a quantitative analysis, we used two parallel plates fixed on one side as a model system of the lizard’s mouth and examined the flow near a corner with respect to opening angle, unveiling that the observed characteristic jaw motions facilitate the fast water uptake. Our findings inspire us to design a novel water-harvesting system that mimics the lizard's periodic jaw motions to collect soil water, offering a potential solution for water scarcity in harsh environments. Furthermore, the integration of ion-exchange membranes and porous media suggests a dual functionality of simultaneous water collection and purification, demonstrating potential applications in desalination and heavy metal removal. |
Sunday, November 19, 2023 9:44AM - 9:57AM |
A07.00009: Nature's design principles of manta ray filter lobes Xinyu Mao, Irmgard Bischofberger, Anette E Hosoi Manta rays feed on zooplankton using a specialized filtration apparatus featuring arrays of filter lobes, which deflect food particles away from the filter surface. Although this ricochet functionality shows promise for anticlogging filtration, the structure-property relationship governing this phenomenon remains unclear. We investigate nature's design principles of manta rays filter lobes and draw inspiration for microfiltration. We propose a generic filter structure and construct a scaling law to characterize the leakage flow through the gaps of the filter lobes. The scaling law is then validated through simulations and experiments. By further incorporating the gap-level scaling law into a macroscopic leaky channel model and analyzing particle trajectories, we establish the trade-offs between water permeability and particle selectivity. Our findings reveal that the manta-ray-inspired filter structure achieves an optimal balance between permeating water and ricocheting zooplankton-sized particles. |
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