Ultrasonic Jet Penetration During Streaming and Cavitation in Liquid*

In the present work we investigate ultrasonic streaming with and without the cavitation for various fluids, using a validated numerical model and scaling analysis. The present study distinctly identified the two regimes, namely streaming and cavitation dominant regimes, and presented a plausible correlation for ultrasonic streaming penetration depth in liquid metals. A scaling analysis is presented to identify the dependency of streaming velocity on the operational parameters and thermophysical properties of the melts, which extends to incorporate high levels of input power and cavitation that are well beyond the scope of the available scaling relations. The scaling and numerical predictions are validated with in-house experimental measurements of the flow field and penetration depth. The present work provides a scaling analysis-based correlation that is applicable for a wide range of operational parameters and liquid metals. The present work finds applications in uniform distribution of nano/micro sized particle in Metal Matric Composites, and microstructure refinement in metallic systems.