Source-filter interaction in an aeroelastic-aeroacoustic simulation of phonation*

Simulations of phonation are presented which assess the degree to which the vocal tract resonator affects sound production by the flow-induced vibration of the vocal folds.  The computations are performed with the fully-coupled aeroelastic-aeroacoustic  approach using the immersed finite element method (IFEM) with controlled acoustic boundaries.  For each case of larynx geometry and biomechanical properties, four simulations are run, one each for a vocal tract shape corresponding to the vowels  (/a/,  /i/ , /u/, and /ə/).  To quantify how differences in vocal tract acoustic loading affect the source behavior, comparisons are made for the following quantities:  vocal fold vibration patterns, glottal exit volume flow, glottal jet speed, vocal fold drag, work done by built-up pressure, and work done by acoustic resistance.