Bulletin of the American Physical Society
69th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Fluid Dynamics
Volume 61, Number 20
Sunday–Tuesday, November 20–22, 2016; Portland, Oregon
Session H40: Porous Media Flows: Imbibition, Injection and Wicking |
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Chair: German Drazer, Rutgers University Room: Portland Ballroom 253-258-254-257 |
Monday, November 21, 2016 10:40AM - 10:53AM |
H40.00001: Using liquid droplet penetration experiments to determine wetting properties of powders Gerardo Callegari, Zhanjie Liu, Yifan Wang, Fernando Muzzio, German Drazer We show that the spontaneous penetration of droplets on a powder bed provides a simple way to characterize the wetting properties of a test liquid. Specifically, we demonstrate that calculating the appropriate dimensionless penetrating volume and time, and performing supplementary experiments with a reference liquid, it is possible to obtain the contact angle between the test liquid and the powder. Interestingly, the proposed analysis lets us calculate the contact angle without having to compute the solution to the 3D penetration problem. This approach is valid when the contact area between the droplet and the powder bed remains constant, which is a good approximation in many powder systems. We first test the validity of our approach by studying droplets of different sizes and show that the non-dimensional penetration curves are independent of the initial volume and contact radius of the drops, as predicted. We then use a reference liquid (silicone oil) to measure the contact angle of water on three powder systems with increasing number of pharmaceutical components and different processing conditions known to affect blend wettability. We show that the proposed method is able to capture the {\it overlubrication} of the blend, a well-known effect in pharmaceutical manufacturing. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, November 21, 2016 10:53AM - 11:06AM |
H40.00002: Fluid-driven Fractures and Backflow in a Multilayered Elastic Matrix Samuel Smiddy, Ching-Yao Lai, Howard Stone We study the dynamics when pressurized fluid is injected at a constant flow rate into a multi-layered elastic matrix. In particular, we report~experiments of such crack propagation as a function of orientation and distance from the contact of the layers.~Subsequently we study the shape and propagation of the fluid along the contact of layers as well as volume of fluid remaining in the matrix once the injection pressure is released and ``flowback'' occurs. The experiments presented here may mimic the interaction between hydraulic fractures and pre-existing fractures and the dynamics of flowback in hydraulic fracturing. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, November 21, 2016 11:06AM - 11:19AM |
H40.00003: Sessile drops imbibition over nano porous substrates : application for art painting restoration Marguerite L\'{e}ang, Ludovic Pauchard, Lay-Theng Lee, Fr\'{e}d\'{e}ric Ott, Fr\'{e}d\'{e}rique Giorgiutti-Dauphin\'{e} Art painting restoration aims to restore and preserve the integrity of a painting. Most of the techniques consist of depositing solvents on the surface of the painting to dissolve the varnish layer. However the sublayers can be damaged by the penetration of the solvent, possibly resulting in swelling or cracking processes. Due to the physical and chemical complexity of the pictorial layer, we propose to study solvent penetration in model nano porous media obtained by controlled drying of aqueous dispersions of silica nanoparticles. We present the dynamics of imbibition of sessile solvent drops on porous media with different pore sizes. Three different regimes in the evolution of the drop size with time are identified. Our experimental set-up provides a precise direct quantification of the different flows outside and through the porous media. Different experimental techniques are used to characterize the porous media : neutron imaging to determine the permeability and microindentation testing to estimate the mechanical properties of the media after the imbibition process. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, November 21, 2016 11:19AM - 11:32AM |
H40.00004: Dynamics of liquid imbibition through paper fibers with intra-pores Sooyoung Chang, Jaedeok Seo, Seokbin Hong, Duck-Gyu Lee, Wonjung Kim The accurate control of liquid imbibition in paper is crucial for the applications of paper to microfluidic devices. However, the classical model for capillary flow in porous media, Lucas-Washburn law, has limitations in predicting the flow in a complex fiber network such as paper. We here report that intra-fiber pores in paper are mainly responsible for the limited accuracy of the previous model. From our experiment, we observed that liquid may imbibe through intra-pores in cellulose fibers as through the pores formed by fiber network. We experimentally measured the flow rate through the intra-pores and theoretically developed a hydrodynamic model for liquid imbibition through paper fibers with intra-pores. Our theoretical predictions are shown to agree well with experimental observations, leading to the physical reasons behind the limits of Lucas-Washburn law. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, November 21, 2016 11:32AM - 11:45AM |
H40.00005: Wettability control on multiphase flow in patterned microfluidics Ruben Juanes, Benzhong Zhao, Christopher MacMinn Multiphase flow in porous media is important in many natural and industrial processes, including geologic CO2 sequestration, enhanced oil recovery, and water infiltration into soil. Although it is well known that the wetting properties of porous media can vary drastically depending on the type of media and pore fluids, the effect of wettability on multiphase flow continues to challenge our microscopic and macroscopic descriptions. Here, we study the impact of wettability on viscously unfavorable fluid-fluid displacement in disordered media by means of high-resolution imaging in microfluidic flow cells patterned with vertical posts. By systematically varying the wettability of the flow cell over a wide range of contact angles, we find that increasing the substrate's affinity to the injected fluid results in more efficient displacement of the defending fluid up to a critical wetting transition, beyond which the trend is reversed. We identify the pore-scale mechanisms---cooperative pore filling (increasing displacement efficiency) and corner flow (decreasing displacement efficiency)---responsible for this macroscale behavior, and show that they rely on the inherent 3D nature of interfacial flows, even in quasi-2D media. Our results demonstrate the powerful control of wettability on multiphase flow in porous media, and show that the markedly different invasion protocols that emerge---from pore-filling to post-bridging---are determined by physical mechanisms that are missing from current pore-scale and continuum-scale descriptions. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, November 21, 2016 11:45AM - 11:58AM |
H40.00006: Wettability effects on fluid-fluid displacement in a capillary tube Benzhong Zhao, Amir Pahlavan, Luis Cueto-Felgueroso, Ruben Juanes Fluid-fluid displacement in a capillary tube is a classical problem in fluid mechanics, and it serves as a simple, but important analogue to multiphase flow in porous media. Despite many experimental and modeling studies of this problem, several key phenomena remain poorly understood. Here we experimentally study the constant-rate displacement of glycerol by air in a capillary tube. By treating the inside of the capillary, we obtain two distinct wetting conditions. We visualize the dynamics of the fluid-fluid interface in high-resolution for a wide range of capillary numbers (Ca). At small Ca, the air/glycerol interface remains spherical, whose curvature varies continuously as a function of Ca. At large Ca, the invading air forms a finger that advances along the center of the tube, leaving behind the contact-line and a macroscopic film of glycerol on the wall. We find that both the critical Ca at which film formation occurs and the speed of the contact-line is strongly controlled by the wettability of the tube. We demonstrate that these salient features of the experiment can be reproduced by a phase-field model of the system. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, November 21, 2016 11:58AM - 12:11PM |
H40.00007: Capillary imbibition in parallel tubes Oliver McRae, T. S. Ramakrishnan, James Bird In modeling porous media two distinct approaches can be employed; the sample can be examined holistically, using global variables such as porosity, or it can be treated as a network of capillaries connected in series to various intermediate reservoirs. In forced imbibition this series-based description is sufficient to characterize the flow, due to the presence of an externally maintained pressure difference. However, in spontaneous imbibition, flow is driven by an internal capillary pressure, making it unclear whether a series-based model is appropriate. In this talk, we show using numerical simulations the dynamics of spontaneous imbibition in concentrically arranged capillary tubes. This geometry allows both tubes access to a semi-infinite reservoir but with inlets in close enough proximity to allow for interference. We compare and contrast the results of our simulations with theory and previous experiments. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, November 21, 2016 12:11PM - 12:24PM |
H40.00008: Forced imbibition through model porous media Celeste Odier, Bertrand Levache, Denis Bartolo A number of industrial and natural process ultimately rely on two-phase flow in heterogeneous media. One of the most prominent example is oil recovery which has driven fundamental and applied research in this field for decades. Imbibition occurs when a wetting fluid displaces an immiscible fluid e.g. in a porous media. Using model microfluidic experiment we control both the geometry and wetting properties of the heterogenous media, and show that the typical front propagation picture fails when imbibition is forced and the displacing fluid is less viscous than the non-wetting fluid. We identify and quantitatively characterize four different flow regimes at the pore scale yielding markedly different imbibition patterns at large scales. In particular we will discuss the transition from a conventional 2D-front propagation scenario to a regime where the meniscus dynamics is an intrinsically 3D process. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, November 21, 2016 12:24PM - 12:37PM |
H40.00009: On the Examination of Darcy Permeability a Thin Fibrous Porous Layer Zenghao Zhu, Qiuyun Wang, Qianhong Wu In this paper, we report a novel experimental approach to investigate the Darcy permeability of a soft and thin fibrous porous layer. The project is inspired by recent studies involved compression of very thin porous films and the resultant pore fluid flow inside the confined porous structure. The Darcy permeability plays a critical role during the process, which however, is tricky to measure due to the very thin nature of the porous media. In the current study, a special micro-fluidic device is developed that consists of a rectangular flow channel with adjustable gap height ranging from 20 mm to 0.5 mm. Air is forced through the thin gap filled with testing fibrous materials. By measuring the flow rate and the pressure drop, we have successfully obtained the Darcy permeability of different thin porous sheets at different compression ratios. Furthermore, the surface area of the fibers are evaluated using a Micromeritics\textregistered ASAP 2020 (Accelerated Surface Area and Porosimetry) system. We found that, although the functions relating the permeability and porosities are different for different fibrous materials, these functions collapse to a single relationship if one express the permeability as a function of the solid phase surface area per unit volume. This finding provides a useful approach to evaluate the permeability of very thin fibrous porous sheet, which otherwise is difficult to measure directly. [Preview Abstract] |
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