Bulletin of the American Physical Society
69th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Fluid Dynamics
Volume 61, Number 20
Sunday–Tuesday, November 20–22, 2016; Portland, Oregon
Session E37: Drops: Rupture |
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Chair: Andrew Wollman, Portland State University Room: Portland Ballroom 252 |
Sunday, November 20, 2016 5:37PM - 5:50PM |
E37.00001: Self-similar breakup of a retracting liquid cone Frederik Brasz, Alexis Berny, James Bird When a fluid filament breaks up due to the Rayleigh-Plateau instability, a thin thread typically pinches off from a nearly spherical drop. Depending on its shape, this thread can break up again while it retracts to form satellite and even sub-satellite droplets. Past studies have modeled the shape of the retracting filament as a cone, yet the dynamics of nearly inviscid retracting cones are known to be stable, preventing any further filament breakup. Here we show that under certain finite perturbations, retracting conical liquid filaments can become unstable and break up into a cascade of self-similar droplets. Combining numerical simulations and experiments, we explore whether or not a conical filament is likely to break up based on cone angle and initial perturbation. We expect our results to be relevant in applications in which satellite bubbles or droplets are important, such as in modeling the flux of aerosols from the ocean to the atmosphere. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, November 20, 2016 5:50PM - 6:03PM |
E37.00002: The Many Fates of Retracting Newtonian Filaments Christopher Anthony, Sumeet Thete, Michael Harris, Osman Basaran The retraction of Newtonian filaments plays a central role in applications as diverse as inkjet printing and atomization where formation of satellite droplets is undesirable. In order to avoid satellite drop production, filaments formed after drop, jet, or sheet breakup should contract to spheres without undergoing further pinch-off. Therefore, it is important to understand all of the dynamical responses that can arise during filament recoil. To accomplish this goal, we use high accuracy simulations to analyze the retraction of Newtonian filaments in a passive ambient fluid. Previously, Notz and Basaran described the fate of low-viscosity filaments. More recent works by Hoepffner and Pare on intermediate viscosity filaments and by Lohse et al. on high viscosity filaments have greatly enhanced our understanding of filament recoil. Unfortunately, taking all of these works in aggregate does not provide a comprehensive picture of filament dynamics. Here, we overcome the deficiencies of these earlier studies to provide a comprehensive analysis of filament recoil and arrive at a complete phase diagram of the system response. While doing so, we also uncover a new mode of filament breakup that has been missed by earlier investigators. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, November 20, 2016 6:03PM - 6:16PM |
E37.00003: Scaling During Drop Formation and Filament (Thread) Breakup Brayden Wagoner, Sumeet Thete, Osman Basaran Many free surface flows such as drop formation, filament (thread) breakup, and drop coalescence are important in applications as diverse as ink jet printing, atomization, and emulsion science and technology. A common feature of these flows is that they all exhibit finite time singularities. When a liquid filament undergoes capillary thinning and tends toward pinch-off, it is instructive to monitor how certain quantities, such as the thread’s radius, vary with time remaining until the pinch-off singularity. Experimental determination of this so-called scaling behavior of thread radius and other quantities is important for testing scaling theories and the accuracy of numerical simulations of free surface flows. Conversely, the experimental measurements can be used to develop new theories when none are available. In this talk, we will present some novel ways of experimentally measuring scaling behaviors. The results will be highlighted in terms of experiments involving the formation and breakup of drops and filaments of (a) simple or pure Newtonian fluids and also (b) particle-laden liquids or suspensions containing non-Brownian particles. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, November 20, 2016 6:16PM - 6:29PM |
E37.00004: The role of surfactants in drop formation and thread breakup Pritish Kamat, Brayden Wagoner, Sumeet Thete, Osman Basaran The ability of surfactants to adsorb onto and lower the surface tension of water-air and water-oil interfaces is exploited in industrial applications, nature, and everyday life. An important example is provided by drop formation where a thinning liquid thread connects an about-to-form globular, primary drop to the rest of the liquid that remains on the nozzle when the primary drop falls from it. Surfactants can affect pinch-off in two ways: first, by lowering surface tension they lower capillary pressure (which equals, to highest order, surface tension divided by thread radius), and second, as surfactant concentration along the interface can be non-uniform, they cause the interface to be subjected to a gradient of surface tension, or Marangoni stress. By means of high-accuracy simulations and supporting experiments, we clarify the role played by surfactants on drop formation and thread breakup. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, November 20, 2016 6:29PM - 6:42PM |
E37.00005: Capillary breakup of fluid threads within confinement Guoqing Hu, Chundong Xue, Xiaodong Chen Fluid thread breakup is a widespread phenomenon in nature, industry, and daily life. Driven by surface tension (or capillarity) at low flow-rate condition, the breakup scenario is usually called capillary instability or Plateau--Rayleigh instability. Fluid thread deforms under confinement of ambient fluid to form a fluid neck. Thinning of the neck at low flow-rate condition is quasistatic until the interface becomes unstable and collapses to breakup. Underlying mechanisms and universalities of both the stable and unstable thinning remain, however, unclear and even contradictory. Here we conduct new numerical and experimental studies to show that confined interfaces are not only stabilized but also destabilized by capillarity at low flow-rate condition. Capillary stabilization is attributed to confinement-determined internal pressure that is higher than capillary pressure along the neck. Two origins of capillary destabilization are identified: one is confinement-induced gradient of capillary pressure along the interface; the other is the competition between local capillary pressure and internal pressure. [Preview Abstract] |
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