Bulletin of the American Physical Society
69th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Fluid Dynamics
Volume 61, Number 20
Sunday–Tuesday, November 20–22, 2016; Portland, Oregon
Session E11: Electrokinetic Flows: Computations |
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Chair: Carlos Hidrovo, Northeastern University Room: C120-121-122 |
Sunday, November 20, 2016 5:37PM - 5:50PM |
E11.00001: A numerical study on liquid charging inside electrostatic atomizers Babak Kashir, Anthony Perri, Abhilash Sankaran, Christopher Staszel, Alexander Yarin, Farzad Mashayek The charging of the dielectric liquid inside an electrostatic atomizer is studied numerically by developing codes based on the OpenFOAM platform. Electrostatic atomization is an appealing technology in painting, fuel injection and oil coating systems due to improved particle-size distribution, enhanced controlability of droplets' trajectories and lower power consumption. The numerical study is conducted concurrently to an experimental investigation to facilitate the validation and deliver feedback for further development. The atomizer includes a pin electrode that is placed at the center of a converging chamber. The chamber orifice is located at a known distance from the electrode tip. The pin electrode is connected to a high voltage that leads to the charging of the liquid. In the present work, the theoretical foundations of separated treatment of the polarized layer and the electronuetral bulk flow are set by describing the governing equations, relevant boundary conditions and the matching condition between these two domains. The resulting split domains are solved numerically to find the distribution of velocity and electrostatic fields over the specified regions. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, November 20, 2016 5:50PM - 6:03PM |
E11.00002: Electrically Controllable Microparticle Synthesis and Digital Microfluidic Manipulation by Electric-Field-Induced Droplet Dispensing into Immiscible Fluids Taewoong Um, Jiwoo Hong, In Seok Kang The dispensing of tiny droplets is a basic and crucial process in a myriad of applications, such as DNA/protein microarray, cell cultures, chemical synthesis of microparticles, and digital microfluidics. This work demonstrates the droplet dispensing into immiscible fluids through electric charge concentration (ECC) method. Three main modes (i.e., attaching, uniform and bursting modes) are exhibited as a function of flow rates, applied voltage and gap distance between the nozzle and the oil surface. Through a conventional nozzle with diameter of a few millimeters, charged droplets with volumes ranging from a few $\mu $L to a few tens of nL can be uniformly dispensed into the oil chamber without reduction in nozzle size. Based on the features of the proposed method (e.g., formation of droplets with controllable polarity and amount of electric charge in water and oil system), a simple and straightforward method is developed for microparticle synthesis, including preparation for colloidosomes and fabrication of Janus microparticles with anisotropic internal structures. Finally, a combined system consisting of ECC-induced droplet dispensing and electrophoresis of charged droplet (ECD)-driven manipulation systems is constructed. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, November 20, 2016 6:03PM - 6:16PM |
E11.00003: Capacitive Deionization: a coupled 2D electro-adsorption/convective-diffusive simulation for various system configurations Carlos Hidrovo, Yasamin Salamat Capacitive Deionization (CDI) is a relatively new electrically based desalination method that uses porous media to adsorb ions in solution from water, with the potential to recover part of the energy used during the desalination process. Previous studies have investigated the physics underlying the electro-adsorption process in the electrical double layers in the CDI porous electrodes. In order to improve CDI performance in terms of minimum average concentration, total amount of water treated, and duration of the desalination process, herein we propose and evaluate different CDI architectures. Two previously validated 2D and 1D models are used alongside each other to study different CDI system configurations based on various convective-diffusive layer regimes. Moreover, the effects of micro pore and macro pore capacities on the total number of ions adsorbed in the porous media is investigated. This will open new opportunities for further researches toward engineered CDI units for better desalination. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, November 20, 2016 6:16PM - 6:29PM |
E11.00004: Accounting for Finite Size of Ions in Nanofluidic Channels Using Density Functional Theory Christopher McCallum, Dirk Gillespie, Sumita Pennathur The physics of nanofluidic devices are dominated by ion-wall interactions within the electric double layer (EDL). A full understanding of the EDL allows for better exploitation of micro and nanofluidic devices for applications such as biologic separations, desalination, and energy conversion, Although continuum theory is generally used to study the fluidics within these channels, in very confined geometries, high surface charge channels, or significant solute concentration systems, continuum theories such as Poisson-Boltzmann cease to be valid because the finite size of ions is not considered. Density functional theory (DFT) provides an accurate and efficient method for predicting the concentration of ions and the electrostatic potential near a charged wall because it accounts for more complex electrostatic and hard-sphere correlations. This subsequently allows for a better model for ion flux, fluid flow, and current in electrokinetic systems at high surface charge, confined geometries, and concentrated systems. In this work, we present a theoretical approach utilizing DFT to predict unique flow phenomena in nanofluidic, electrokinetic systems. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, November 20, 2016 6:29PM - 6:42PM |
E11.00005: Impact of pore size variability and network coupling on electrokinetic transport in porous media Shima Alizadeh, Martin Z. Bazant, Ali Mani We have developed and validated an efficient and robust computational model to study the coupled fluid and ion transport through electrokinetic porous media, which are exposed to external gradients of pressure, electric potential, and concentration. In our approach a porous media is modeled as a network of many pores through which the transport is described by the coupled Poisson-Nernst-Planck-Stokes equations. When the pore sizes are random, the interactions between various modes of transport may provoke complexities such as concentration polarization shocks and internal flow circulations. These phenomena impact mixing and transport in various systems including deionization and filtration systems, supercapacitors, and lab-on-a-chip devices. In this work, we present simulations of massive networks of pores and we demonstrate the impact of pore size variation, and pore-pore coupling on the overall electrokinetic transport in porous media. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, November 20, 2016 6:42PM - 6:55PM |
E11.00006: Simulation of 3D Chaotic Electroconvection in Shear Flow Scott Davidson, Ali Mani Electroconvection, a microscale electrohydrodynamic phenomenon with chaotic features reminiscent of turbulence, provides the dominant transport mechanism in many electrochemical processes where ions are driven through ion-selective surfaces under large applied voltages. Electrodialysis, for example, desalinates water by flowing it between layers of ion-selective membranes with alternating selectivity while an electric field is applied normal to the membranes. This process leads to alternating channels becoming enriched and depleted of ions. Despite its key importance, much about how electroconvection enhances ion transport, particularly in the presence of crossflow, remains a mystery. We present results of 3D direct numerical simulations of electroconvection in a canonical geometry of an electrolyte between an ion-selective membrane and a reservoir with periodic sides subject to applied shear flow. We analyze the effects of crossflow on both flow statistics and qualitative structures in the fully chaotic regime. [Preview Abstract] |
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