Bulletin of the American Physical Society
68th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Fluid Dynamics
Volume 60, Number 21
Sunday–Tuesday, November 22–24, 2015; Boston, Massachusetts
Session H15: Flow Control: Drag Reduction II |
Hide Abstracts |
Chair: Taraneh Sayadi, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champain Room: 203 |
Monday, November 23, 2015 10:35AM - 10:48AM |
H15.00001: Optimization of dynamic roughness elements for reducing drag in a laminar boundary layer Taraneh Sayadi, Peter Sayadi Roughness elements can serve as controllers in both laminar and turbulent regimes to, for example, reduce the skin friction or drag. In this study, adjoint-based optimization is employed to extract the optimal shape of roughness elements for reducing drag, in a laminar setting, given an initial condition. The roughness elements considered here are of the “dynamic” type, varying both in space and time, which allows control over the spatial distribution of the roughness but also the inherent timescales of the flow. Dynamic roughness is modeled here using the linearized boundary conditions previously introduced by McKeon (2008), where the no-slip and impermeability boundary conditions are replaced by stream-wise and wall-normal distributions at the wall. The adjoint equation is then implemented using the discretized approach by Fosas \textit{et al.} (2012). This approach is particularly efficient, since the linearized operators are computed simply by using the local differentiation technique, without explicitly forming the resulting matrices for both forward and adjoint operators. Using the described framework we investigate the effect of the initial condition on the spatial distribution of the roughness elements and their variation in time as the drag coefficient is minimized. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, November 23, 2015 10:48AM - 11:01AM |
H15.00002: Development of Drag Reducing Polymer of FDR-SPC Inwon Lee, Hyun Park, Ho Hwan Chun In this study, a novel FDR-SPC (Frictional Drag Reduction Self-Polishing Copolymer) is first synthesized in this study. The drag reducing functional radical such as PEGMA (Poly(ethylene) glycol methacrylate) has been utilized to participate in the synthesis process of the SPC. The release mechanism of drag reducing radical is accounted for the hydrolysis reaction between the FDR-SPC and seawater. The types of the baseline SPC monomers, the molecular weight and the mole fraction of PEGMA were varied in the synthesis process. The resulting SPCs were coated to the substrate plates for the subsequent hydrodynamic test for skin friction measurement. A significant reduction in Reynolds stress was observed in a range of specimen, with the maximum drag reduction being 15.9{\%} relative to the smooth surface for PRD3-1. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, November 23, 2015 11:01AM - 11:14AM |
H15.00003: AFRODITE -- passive flow control for skin-friction drag reduction using the method of spanwise mean velocity gradient Bengt Fallenius, Sohrab Sattarzadeh, Robert Downs, Shahab Shahinfar, Jens Fransson Over the last decade wind tunnel experiments and numerical simulations have shown that steady spanwise mean velocity gradients are able to attenuate the growth of different types of boundary layer disturbances. Within the AFRODITE research program different techniques to setup the spanwise mean velocity variations have been studied and their stabilizing effect leading to transition delay quantified. A successful boundary-layer modulator for transition delay has turned out to be the miniature-vortex generator and has been well documented during the past years. More recent ideas of setting up spanwise mean velocity gradients will be presented here. We show that, the non-linear interaction between a pair of oblique disturbance waves creating a streaky base flow, as well as the direct surface modulation by means of applying wavy surfaces in the spanwise direction, can both successfully be utilized for transition delay and hence skin-friction drag reduction. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, November 23, 2015 11:14AM - 11:27AM |
H15.00004: Streamwise shear stress driven compliant wall for drag reduction Tam\'{a}s Istv\'{a}n J\'{o}zsa, Ignazio Maria Viola, Elias Balaras The interaction between a viscous fluid and a solid wall in relative motion to each other leads to wall shear stress, which results in often-undesirable friction drag. In fully turbulent flow, it has been shown that a compliant wall whose streamwise velocity is equal to the streamwise flow velocity fluctuation in the buffer layer can lead to drag reduction (Choi et al., JFM, 1994; 262:75-110). Practical exploitation of this mechanism would require knowledge of the instantaneous velocity fluctuations in the near-wall region and active control of the wall velocity. However, the near-wall fluid velocity can be approximated by the wall shear stresses through a first-order Taylor expansion; therefore we propose a passively controlled compliant wall whose streamwise wall velocity is driven by the streamwise wall shear stress fluctuations. We show that this wall behaviour can be modelled with a damped harmonic oscillator, where the damping coefficient is related to the target distance of the flow fluctuation from the wall. Our results suggest that a passively-controlled shear-stress-driven compliant wall can be developed for drag reduction. On-going works include the use of direct numerical simulation where the proposed slip condition is applied to quantify the potential drag reduction. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, November 23, 2015 11:27AM - 11:40AM |
H15.00005: Turbulent boundary layer control through spanwise wall oscillation using Kagome lattice structures James Bird, Matthew Santer, Jonathan Morrison It is well established that a reduction in skin-friction and turbulence intensity can be achieved by applying in-plane spanwise forcing to a surface beneath a turbulent boundary layer. It has also been shown in DNS (M. Quadrio, P. Ricco, \& C. Viotti; \textit{J. Fluid Mech}; \textbf{627}, 161, 2009), that this phenomenon is significantly enhanced when the forcing takes the form of a streamwise travelling wave of spanwise perturbation. In the present work, this type of forcing is generated by an active surface comprising a compliant structure, based on a Kagome lattice geometry, supporting a membrane skin. The structural design ensures negligible wall normal displacement while facilitating large in-plane velocities. The surface is driven pneumatically, achieving displacements of 3 mm approximately, at frequencies in excess of 70 Hz for a turbulent boundary layer at $Re_\tau \approx 1000$. As the influence of this forcing on boundary layer is highly dependent on the wavenumber and frequency of the travelling wave, a flat surface was designed and optimised to allow these forcing parameters to be varied, without reconfiguration of the experiment. Simultaneous measurements of the fluid and surface motion are presented, and notable skin-friction drag reduction is demonstrated. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, November 23, 2015 11:40AM - 11:53AM |
H15.00006: Lubricant retention for liquid infused surfaces exposed to turbulent flow Matthew Fu, Marcus Hultmark Liquid infused surfaces have been proposed as a robust alternative to traditional, air-filled superhydrophobic surfaces. The mobility of the liquid lubricant facilitates a surface slip with the outer turbulent shear flow. However, shear driven drainage in turbulent flow has been found to be a primary failure mechanism for such surfaces, resulting in loss of lubricant and the associated slip effect. A turbulent channel flow facility is used to characterize shear-driven drainage behavior of liquid infused micro-patterned surfaces. Micro-manufactured surfaces can be mounted flush in the channel and exposed to turbulent flows. The retention of fluorescent lubricants is monitored to characterize how surface geometry and lubricant properties affect the steady state retention length. Results are compared with theoretical predictions and experiments for lubricant retention in laminar microchannels, where the shear driven drainage is balanced by a Laplace pressure gradient, to determine the additional drainage induced by turbulent fluctuations. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, November 23, 2015 11:53AM - 12:06PM |
H15.00007: A Turbulent Boundary Layer over Superhydrophobic Surfaces Hyunwook Park, John Kim Direct numerical simulations of a spatially developing turbulent boundary layer (TBL) developing over superhydrophobic surfaces (SHS) were performed in order to investigate the underlying physics of turbulent flow over SHS. SHS were modeled through the shear-free boundary condition, assuming that the gas-liquid interfaces remained as non-deformable. Pattern-averaged turbulence statistics were examined in order to determine the effects of SHS on turbulence in no-slip and slip regions separately. Near-wall turbulence over the slip region was significantly affected by SHS due to insufficient mean shear required to sustain near-wall turbulence. SHS also indirectly affected near-wall turbulence over the no-slip region. In addition to the effects of the spanwise width of SHS on skin-friction drag reduction reported previously\footnote{Park et al., POF 25 (2013) 110815}, spatial effects in the streamwise direction were examined. A guideline for optimal design of SHS geometry will be discussed. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, November 23, 2015 12:06PM - 12:19PM |
H15.00008: ABSTRACT WITHDRAWN |
Monday, November 23, 2015 12:19PM - 12:32PM |
H15.00009: Turbulent flows over superhydrophobic surfaces with shear-dependent slip length Sohrab KHOSH AGHDAM, Mehdi Seddighi, Pierre Ricco Motivated by recent experimental evidence, shear-dependent slip length superhydrophobic surfaces are studied. Lyapunov stability analysis is applied in a 3D turbulent channel flow and extended to the shear-dependent slip-length case. The feedback law extracted is recognized for the first time to coincide with the constant-slip-length model widely used in simulations of hydrophobic surfaces. The condition for the slip parameters is found to be consistent with the experimental data and with values from DNS. The theoretical approach by Fukagata (PoF 18.5: 051703) is employed to model the drag-reduction effect engendered by the shear-dependent slip-length surfaces. The estimated drag-reduction values are in very good agreement with our DNS data. For slip parameters and flow conditions which are potentially realizable in the lab, the maximum computed drag reduction reaches 50\%. The power spent by the turbulent flow on the walls is computed, thereby recognizing the hydrophobic surfaces as a passive-absorbing drag-reduction method, as opposed to geometrically-modifying techniques that do not consume energy, e.g. riblets, hence named passive-neutral. The flow is investigated by visualizations, statistical analysis of vorticity and strain rates, and quadrants of the Reynolds stresses. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, November 23, 2015 12:32PM - 12:45PM |
H15.00010: Turbulent drag reduction by permeable coatings Ricardo Garcia-Mayoral, Nabil Abderrahaman-Elena We present an assessment of permeable coatings as a form of passive drag reduction, proposing a simplified model to quantify the effect of the coating thickness and permeability. To reduce skin friction, the porous layer must be preferentially permeable in the streamwise direction, so that a slip effect is produced. For small permeability, the controlling parameter is the difference between streamwise and spanwise permeability lengths, scaled in viscous units, $\sqrt{K_x^+}-\sqrt{K_z^+}$. In this regime, the reduction in drag is proportional to that difference. However, the proportional performance eventually breaks down for larger permeabilities. A degradation mechanism is investigated, common to other obstructed surfaces in general and permeable substrates in particular, which depends critically on the geometric mean of the streamwise and wall-normal permeabilities, $\sqrt{K_x^+ K_y^+}$. For a streamwise-to-cross-plane permeability ratio of order $K_x^+/K_y^+=K_x^+/K_z^+\sim10$-$100$, the model predicts a maximum drag reduction of order 15-25\%. [Preview Abstract] |
Follow Us |
Engage
Become an APS Member |
My APS
Renew Membership |
Information for |
About APSThe American Physical Society (APS) is a non-profit membership organization working to advance the knowledge of physics. |
© 2024 American Physical Society
| All rights reserved | Terms of Use
| Contact Us
Headquarters
1 Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740-3844
(301) 209-3200
Editorial Office
100 Motor Pkwy, Suite 110, Hauppauge, NY 11788
(631) 591-4000
Office of Public Affairs
529 14th St NW, Suite 1050, Washington, D.C. 20045-2001
(202) 662-8700