Bulletin of the American Physical Society
67th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Fluid Dynamics
Volume 59, Number 20
Sunday–Tuesday, November 23–25, 2014; San Francisco, California
Session E1: Non-Newtonian Flows: Applications |
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Chair: Anubhav Tripathi, Brown University Room: 3000 |
Sunday, November 23, 2014 4:45PM - 4:58PM |
E1.00001: Connecting the Rheological Behavior of Clathrate Hydrate Slurries to Flow Performance Michela Geri, Rama Venkatesan, Gareth McKinley Clathrate hydrates represent a major flow assurance issue for deep water drilling operations. To develop a proper constitutive model, an extensive set of rheological measurements has been performed on a model hydrate forming emulsion. Upon hydrate formation a sharp increase in the fluid viscosity is observed (by a factor of 100 to 1000). Steady shear measurements show that the hydrate slurry has a shear thinning behavior as well as a yield stress on the order of 1-10 Pa which increases with aging of the fluid. Thixotropy becomes evident as a hysteretic behavior in the flow curve, even when no rheological aging has occurred. Creep tests also reveal that the fluid microstructure accumulates back stress. Oscillatory measurements show that in the linear viscoelastic region hydrate slurries develop viscoelastic gel-like behavior with the elastic modulus exceeding the viscous modulus. These characteristics guide the development of an elastoviscoplastic constitutive model that can capture the salient dynamic features in simple unidirectional flows (e.g. steady or transient Poiseuille) such as apparent wall slip, plug flow or excessive pressure drop in start-up flow. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, November 23, 2014 4:58PM - 5:11PM |
E1.00002: The role of extensional viscosity in frog tongue projection Alexis Noel, Caroline Wagner, Gareth McKinley, Joe Mendelson, David Hu Frogs and other amphibians capture insects through high-speed tongue projection, some achieving tongue accelerations of over fifty times gravity. In this experimental study, we investigate how a frog's sticky saliva enables high-speed prey capture. At the Atlanta zoo, we used high-speed video to film the trajectory of frog tongues during prey capture. We have also designed and built a portable extensional rheometer; by following the capillary-driven thinning in the diameter of a thread of saliva we characterize the relaxation time and extensional viscosity and so infer the adhesive force between the frog tongue and prey. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, November 23, 2014 5:11PM - 5:24PM |
E1.00003: ABSTRACT WITHDRAWN |
Sunday, November 23, 2014 5:24PM - 5:37PM |
E1.00004: Predicting Pressure Profiles of Cement Columns in Oil Wells Using a Thixotropic Model Rafael Oliveira, Fl\'avio Marchesini It is important to the oil and gas industry to provide proper well-bore isolation from the surrounding porous formations. This can be aided by predicting and preventing formation fluid invasion after primary cementing an oil well. In that regard, this work investigates the downhole pressure profile of a cement column placed in the annular space between the casing and the formation. The developed model takes into account the influence of (i) fluid loss to the geological formation, (ii) thixotropy and structure development during gelation, and (iii) compressibility and shrinkage of the cement slurry. This is a one-dimensional model where shear rates are estimated by the downhole velocity of the cement slurry and the annular distance. The thixotropic model recently proposed by de Souza Mendes and Thompson (Rheologica Acta, 2013) is used to calculate shear stresses, which are then plugged into the momentum equation. This equation is coupled with an equation for pressure evolution derived from mass balance and compressibility considerations. The model is under validation against large-scale cementing experiments, and application to current oil field data show promising results. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, November 23, 2014 5:37PM - 5:50PM |
E1.00005: Phase Behavior of Dilute Carbon Black Suspensions and Carbon Black Stabilized Emulsions Michael Godfrin, Ayush Tiwari, Arijit Bose, Anubhav Tripathi We use para-amino benzoic acid terminated carbon black (CB) as a tunable model particulate material to study the effect of inter-particle interactions on phase behavior and steady shear stresses in suspensions and particle-stabilized emulsions. We modulate inter-particle interactions by adding NaCl to the suspension, thus salting surface carboxylate groups. Surprisingly, yield stress behavior emerged at a volume fraction of CB as low as $\phi_{\mathrm{CB}} = $ 0.008, and gel behavior was observed at $\phi_{\mathrm{CB}}$ \textgreater 0.05, well below the percolation threshold for non-interacting particles. The yield stress was found to grow rapidly with carbon black concentration suggesting that salt-induced hydrophobicity leads to strong inter-particle interactions and the formation of a network at low particle concentrations. The yield stresses of CB-stabilized emulsions also grows rapidly with carbon black concentrations, implying that inter-droplet interactions can be induced through the tuning of carbon black concentration in emulsion systems. Emulsions stabilized by ionic surfactants show no inter-droplet interactions. In contrast, oil droplets in the CB-stabilized emulsion move collectively or are immobilized because of an interconnected CB network in the aqueous phase. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, November 23, 2014 5:50PM - 6:03PM |
E1.00006: Capillary thinning and breakup of saliva threads and rheological aging of mucin solutions Caroline Wagner, Lydia Bourouiba, Gareth McKinley The elasticity of saliva, which is essential for many of its primary functions such as lubrication, arises largely as a result of the presence of MUC5B mucins. These are large glycoproteins composed of numerous repeated polymeric subunits forming a weakly crosslinked network. It has been noted for nearly a century that once removed from the mouth, saliva quickly loses its elasticity, which can be quantified by a decrease in its capillary breakup time. We model saliva as a dilute finitely extensible nonlinear elastic (FENE-P) fluid with polymer chains composed of dispersed Hookean dumbbells of maximum extensibility $b$ related to the number of MUC5B subunits. We show that under conditions of simple elongational flow, an analytic prediction of the time evolution of the radius and the filament breakup time can be derived. Furthermore, our model shows that decreasing the maximum extensibility $b$ leads to a decrease in the breakup time, which suggests that the aging process of saliva outside the mouth involves a shortening of the MUC5B mucin chains into smaller groupings. Finally, we compare the analytic breakup times from the model with experimental results obtained using a capillary breakup extensional rheometer and human whole saliva. [Preview Abstract] |
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