Bulletin of the American Physical Society
66th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Fluid Dynamics
Volume 58, Number 18
Sunday–Tuesday, November 24–26, 2013; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Session D31: Porous Media Flows III: Wicking, Drying and Displacement of Immiscible Fluids |
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Chair: Daniel Anderson, George Mason University Room: 402 |
Sunday, November 24, 2013 2:15PM - 2:28PM |
D31.00001: Asymmetric Wicking and Reduced Evaporation Time of Droplets Penetrating a Thin Double-Layered Porous Material Aria Vahdani, Amir Gat, Albert Nowakowski, Homayun Navaz, Morteza Gharib We study numerically and experimentally the penetration and evaporation dynamics of droplets wicking into a thin double-layered porous material with order-of-magnitude difference in the physical properties (such as capillary pressure drop, porosity or permeability) between the layers. We show that such double-layered porous materials can be used to create highly asymmetrical wicking properties, preventing liquid droplets wicking from one surface to the other, while allowing for wicking in the reverse direction. In addition, these double-layered porous materials are shown to reduce the evaporation time of droplets penetrating into the porous surface, compared with a single-layered material of equal thickness and physical properties similar to either of the layers. The asymmetric wicking and reduced evaporation time demonstrated in such double-layered porous materials may be of interest to applications such as medical bandages and wearable fabrics. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, November 24, 2013 2:28PM - 2:41PM |
D31.00002: How books are wet by water Jungchul Kim, Ho-Young Kim It is well known that a sheet of paper, a hydrophilic porous medium, imbibes water via capillary action. The wicking on two-dimensional sheets has no preferred direction, in general. However, when water is spilled on a book, a number of pieces of paper fastened together on one side, we notice that corners are wet first compared to the rest of the area. This is because the wicking along the sharp corner experiences weaker resistance than that into pores within paper. We study a simple model of this wicking dynamics in the context of the surface-tension-driven vertical rise of a liquid along a corner of folded paper. We find that the liquid height at the corner follows a power law different from that at the corner formed by impermeable walls (A. Ponomarenko, D. Quere, and C. Clanet, J. Fluid Mech. 666, 146-154, 2011). The difference is caused by the fact that the Laplace pressure that drives the vertical rise is independent of the liquid height on permeable walls (paper) while it increases with height at the corner of impermeable walls. The experiments are shown to be consistent with our theory [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, November 24, 2013 2:41PM - 2:54PM |
D31.00003: Experiments versus modeling of buoyant drying of porous media Dominique Salin, Andreas Yiotis, Eshan Tajer, Yannis Yortsos A series of isothermal drying experiments in packed glass beads saturated with hydrocarbons are conducted. The transparent cell allow observation of the formation of liquid films, as the gaseous phase invades the pore space. We demonstrate the existence of an early Constant Rate Period that lasts as long as the films saturate the surface of the packing, and of a subsequent Falling Rate Period that begins practically after the detachment of the film tips from the external surface. During the CRP, the process is controlled by diffusion within the stagnant gaseous phase in the upper part of the cells. During the FRP, the process is controlled by diffusion within the packing, with a drying rate inversely proportional to the observed position of the observed tips in the cell. Our model incorporates effects of corner film flow, internal and external mass transfer and the effect of gravity. Analytical results were derived. We are thus able to obtain results for the drying rates, the critical saturation and the extent of the film region with respect to the various dimensionless numbers that describe the process; the Bond, Capillary numbers and the dimensionless extent of the mass boundary layer. The experimental results agree very well with the theory, provided that the latter is generalized to account for the effects of corner roundness in the film region which were neglected in our analytical approach. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, November 24, 2013 2:54PM - 3:07PM |
D31.00004: Homogenization Approaches for Draining in Layered Porous Media Daniel Anderson Motivated by the problem of gravity currents in heterogeneous porous media, we examine the problem of gravitational drainage through a layered porous medium. In particular, for a one-dimensional drainage problem we focus on free boundary motion through layered media. We examine analytical and numerical solutions as well as ones generated by asymptotic approximations schemes that may prove useful in more general settings. Of particular interest is the identification of corrections to the leading-order approximations based on homogenization theory. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, November 24, 2013 3:07PM - 3:20PM |
D31.00005: Influence of heterogeneity on second-kind self-similar solutions for gravity currents Zhong Zheng, Ivan Christov, Howard Stone We report experimental, theoretical and numerical results on the effects of horizontal heterogeneity on the propagation of viscous gravity currents. We use two geometries to highlight these effects: (\textit{a}) a horizontal channel (or crack) whose gap thickness varies as a power-law function of the streamwise coordinate; (\textit{b}) a heterogeneous porous medium whose permeability and porosity have power-law variations. We demonstrate that two types of self-similar behaviors emerge as a result of horizontal heterogeneity: (\textit{a}) a first-kind self-similar solution is found using dimensional analysis (scaling) for viscous gravity currents that propagate away from the origin (point of zero permeability); (\textit{b}) a second-kind self-similar solution is found using a phase-plane analysis for gravity currents that propagate toward the origin. These theoretical predictions, obtained using the ideas of self-similar intermediate asymptotics, are compared to experimental results and numerical solutions of the governing partial differential equations developed under the lubrication approximation. All three results are found to be in good agreement. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, November 24, 2013 3:20PM - 3:33PM |
D31.00006: Pulsed-pressure driven displacement of a non-Newtonian fluid in a radial Hele-Shaw cell Caroline Pereira, Andrew White, Thomas Ward Displacing non-Newtonian fluids in porous media is an extremely challenging problem. While Newtonian fluids typically experience fingering instabilities, non-Newtonian fluids yield dendritic type fingering patterns. In this talk we present experimental data for the displacement of a finite volume of viscoelastic liquid by using pulsed-pressure driven gas flow. Experiments are performed using a radial Hele-Shaw cell at gap spacings ranging from 50-200 microns. The viscoelastic liquids are a mineral oil mixed with high molecular weight poly-isobutylene (M.W. 4.7 million) at concentrations 100-1000 ppm. Air injection pressures range from 0.1-0.5 psi and pulse frequencies range from 0.1-10 Hz. Analysis of the finite liquid volume allows for measurement of the residual film thickness. Also, the gas expansion rate as a function of the pulse frequencies will be presented. The experiments reveal a clear correlation between the pulse frequency, film formation and stability (as measured by the finger formation rate) for a wide range of experimental parameters. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, November 24, 2013 3:33PM - 3:46PM |
D31.00007: Immiscible fluids in mixed wet porous media: the role of wettability correlations Julie Murison, Benoit Semin, Jean-Christophe Baret, Stephan Herminghaus, Matthias Schroeter, Martin Brinkmann Various phenomena observed during immiscible displacement in a porous medium can be related to pore wall wettability. Petroleum engineers traditionally quantify the overall wettability of a rock sample in terms of the Ammot-Harvey or USBM index. To establish a link between these gloabl quantities and the pore-scale distribution of surface energies, we developed a series of model porous media. Using a variety of preparation methods, we are able to create dense beds of glass beads with the same average surface energy, differing only in the typical extension of the wetting and non-wetting surface domains. Experimental measurements of capillary pressure saturation curves for repeated imbibition and drainage show that the work dissipated in a complete cycle is monotonically increasing with the correlation length $\xi$ of the surface energies. To test whether capillary hysteresis can be linked to specific features of the front morphology, we visualized the distribution of liquids by means of X-ray microtomography. The Minkowski measures volume, surface area, and Euler number are employed to characterize the interfacial shape. Differences of the front morphology during imbibition and drainage match with trends observed for the hysteresis loop opening. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, November 24, 2013 3:46PM - 3:59PM |
D31.00008: A new computational technique for modeling underground reservoirs Amir Arya The water-oil micro-emulsion in underground reservoirs is considered as one of the most important processes in enhanced oil recovery. The water flow in many natural reservoirs is characterized by density gradients due to the variation of temperature or salinity. Despite this, the effect of stratification on the oil recovery is yet to be explored. Here, we demonstrate the importance of the density stratification on the water-oil interaction in underground reservoirs. We use a system of a drop in a cavity as an idealized model simulating the oil droplets in the rock of the oil. We perform a comprehensive parametric study in order to characterize combined effects of buoyancy, inertia, and density diffusion on the viscous retardation and displacement efficiency of the system. In addition we introduce a new computational technique to efficiently model the process. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, November 24, 2013 3:59PM - 4:12PM |
D31.00009: 3d Forced multiphase flow on the pore scale Hagen Scholl, Kamaljit Singh, Mario Scheel, Marco DiMichiel, Stephan Herminghaus, Ralf Seemann Using ultra fast x-ray tomography the forced imbibition of an aqueous phase into an initially oil filled matrix is studied. The water is volume controlled flushed into cylindrical columns filled with oil saturated spherical bead packs. The oil displacement is imaged in real time having a spacial resolution of 11 microns and a temporal resolution of about 1 second. To clearly distinguish the aqueous from the oily phase a contrast agent was added to the aqueous phase. The influence of wettability, oil viscosity, gravity and flow velocity was explored and analyzed in terms of temporal development of oil saturation and front shape. It turned out that capillary forces are the key to understand the forced multiphase behavior in the explored parameter range. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, November 24, 2013 4:12PM - 4:25PM |
D31.00010: Mathematical modeling heat and mass transfer processes in porous media Darkhan Akhmed-Zaki On late development stages of oil-fields appears a complex problem of oil-recovery reduction. One of solution approaches is injecting of surfactant together with water in the form of active impurities into the productive layer -- for decreasing oil viscosity and capillary forces between ``oil-water'' phases system. In fluids flow the surfactant can be in three states: dissolved in water, dissolved in oil and adsorbed on pore channels' walls. The surfactant's invasion into the reservoir is tracked by its diffusion with reservoir liquid and mass-exchange with two phase (liquid and solid) components of porous structure. Additionally, in this case heat exchange between fluids (injected, residual) and framework of porous medium has practical importance for evaluating of temperature influences on enhancing oil recovery. Now, the problem of designing an adequate mathematical model for describing a simultaneous flowing heat and mass transfer processes in anisotropic heterogeneous porous medium --surfactant injection during at various temperature regimes has not been fully researched. In this work is presents a 2D mathematical model of surfactant injections into the oil reservoir. Description of heat- and mass transfer processes in a porous media is done through differential and kinetic equations. For designing a computational algorithm is used modify version of IMPES method. The sequential and parallel computational algorithms are developed using an adaptive curvilinear meshes which into account heterogeneous porous structures. In this case we can evaluate the boundaries of our process flows -- fronts (``invasion'', ``heat'' and ``mass'' transfers), according to the pressure, temperature, and concentration gradient changes. [Preview Abstract] |
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