Cavity-mode multiplexing for neutral atom arrays*

Neutral atom arrays have emerged as a highly promising platform for large-scale quantum information processing. However, a major bottleneck for critical tasks such as qubit readout and remote entanglement distribution is the collection of photons scattered by individual atoms within the array. Here, we propose a novel cavity-mediated approach for efficient photon collection from multiple atoms simultaneously using a single optical cavity. By selectively shifting the relevant atomic transitions, each atom is coupled to a distinct cavity mode, allowing for frequency and spatial multiplexing of the scattered light. We present a practical system design that utilizes up to 50 cavity modes, enabling rapid high-fidelity parallel readout of an atomic qubit register and drastically enhancing the entanglement distribution rate between atom arrays in remote modules. This approach provides a scalable solution to critical challenges in the neutral atom array platform, accelerating the development of useful quantum technologies.