A Continuous and Coherent Large-Scale Atom Array*

Neutral atom arrays are now one of the leading platforms for quantum simulation, quantum metrology and quantum computation. State-of-the-art systems feature thousands of atomic qubits and gate fidelities surpassing error correction thresholds. A remaining challenge is the loss of atomic qubits, arising from gate infidelity, ancillary readout, decoherence, and vacuum-limited lifetimes. We introduce a new platform for fast-, continuous- and coherent- reloading of a large scale atom array. Our approach leverages two optical lattice conveyor belts to transport atoms from a magneto-optical trap chamber to a glass cell where science occurs. Atoms are pulled from the lattice reservoir in a high rate without laser cooling. Our reloading architecture features novel laser cooling, rearrangement, state initialization, readout on a fast timescale while maintaining coherence. Finally, we demonstrate the coherent iterative assembly of a large-scale atom array. Our work addresses a fundamental challenge in neutral atom quantum computing and opens up new possibilities in cold atom experiments.