Tuning generalized t-J spin dynamics of polar molecules*

Dipolar interactions drastically change the dynamics of itinerant particles. In this work, we realized a generalized t-J spin model by encoding spin in the two lowest rotational levels of KRb molecules. We systematically explored regimes of the model inaccessible on other platforms through independent tuning of tunneling rate and spin-spin interaction strength. We observed Ramsey contrast decay that depends strongly on the anisotropy between spin-exchange and Ising interactions as well as on motion. Theoretical models support our observations and provide insight into the underlying phenomena for their respective motional regimes. We will also present latest progress in producing lower temperature molecules to access new dynamics. Our work enables future studies of spin dynamics of interacting, itinerant particles for systems with lower doping, where theoretical modeling becomes challenging, further solidifying polar molecules as a versatile platform for quantum simulation.

[1] Carroll et al., arXiv 2404.18916